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ABSTRACT
Recent studies indicate that there is a positive influence of nature and nature integrated built environments on human health and wellness in various physical, physiological and social domains. This thesis critically reviews formally and contextually three distinct residential typologies designed by renowned architects Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), Lina Bo Bardi (1914-1992), and Ryue Nishizawa (1966-), in different periods and countries; the United States of America (USA), Brazil and Japan. Yet, the buildings analyzed in the research are relatively connected by means of nature and the natural elements in their constructed essence. This research focuses on the features of the buildings that characterize the Biophilic Design, along with theoretical and practical ideas of the architects behind each building in their own process of formation.
The Biophilic Design Framework has been developed out of the Biophilia Hypothesis (Fromm, 1973; Wilson, 1984) which puts forward an explanatory suggestion that human affinity and affiliation with nature are based on genetic and environmental adaptation processes. This research is designed to display how specific natural phenomena apply to the built environment within the Framework of Biophilic Design (Kellert, & Calabrese, 2015) and how the Biophilia Hypothesis translates into the built environment. To accomplish this, two primary and three secondary research questions were developed for the study. The research will provide an understanding of the Biophilia Hypothesis and its impact on the built environment through the evaluation of research variables on the case studies using the ‘twenty-four attributes’ indicated in the ‘three experiences’ of Biophilic Design.
These architects’ approaches and the methods applied theoretically and practically to these research sites were unveiled and analyzed through three case studies. A positive correlation regarding the success of the case studies and their Biophilic characteristics is found by analyzing the research sites and critiques from the authorities in written literature. The applicability of the ‘Biophilic Design Framework’ was found and evidenced by the findings from these case studies designed by master architects and located in different climates, regions and contexts.
Recent studies indicate that there is a positive influence of nature and nature integrated built environments on human health and wellness in various physical, physiological and social domains. This thesis critically reviews formally and contextually three distinct residential typologies designed by renowned architects Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), Lina Bo Bardi (1914-1992), and Ryue Nishizawa (1966-), in different periods and countries; the United States of America (USA), Brazil and Japan. Yet, the buildings analyzed in the research are relatively connected by means of nature and the natural elements in their constructed essence. This research focuses on the features of the buildings that characterize the Biophilic Design, along with theoretical and practical ideas of the architects behind each building in their own process of formation.
The Biophilic Design Framework has been developed out of the Biophilia Hypothesis (Fromm, 1973; Wilson, 1984) which puts forward an explanatory suggestion that human affinity and affiliation with nature are based on genetic and environmental adaptation processes. This research is designed to display how specific natural phenomena apply to the built environment within the Framework of Biophilic Design (Kellert, & Calabrese, 2015) and how the Biophilia Hypothesis translates into the built environment. To accomplish this, two primary and three secondary research questions were developed for the study. The research will provide an understanding of the Biophilia Hypothesis and its impact on the built environment through the evaluation of research variables on the case studies using the ‘twenty-four attributes’ indicated in the ‘three experiences’ of Biophilic Design.
These architects’ approaches and the methods applied theoretically and practically to these research sites were unveiled and analyzed through three case studies. A positive correlation regarding the success of the case studies and their Biophilic characteristics is found by analyzing the research sites and critiques from the authorities in written literature. The applicability of the ‘Biophilic Design Framework’ was found and evidenced by the findings from these case studies designed by master architects and located in different climates, regions and contexts.
ContributorsOrman, Pinar (Author) / Bernardi, Jose (Thesis advisor) / Harmon-Vaughan, Elizabeth (Committee member) / Zygas, Kestutis Paul (Committee member) / Heywood, William (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2017
Description
Food insecurity affects more than 10 million households in the United States and has been shown to impact what and how a child is fed. Additionally, there is some evidence to suggest that food insecurity may affect how an infant is soothed (either with food or another mechanism), but no study has examined the possible relationship between soothing techniques and the incidence of food insecurity. To evaluate whether food security status and nighttime soothing techniques have a relationship, surveys were administered to a sample of mothers from various racial and socioeconomic backgrounds at 3-weeks, 8-weeks, and 3-months postpartum. Of the 69 participants sampled, 61 had data that could contribute to evaluations of food security status and soothing techniques used at night. A chi-square model was utilized to determine what, if any, relationship existed between the two variables. The chi-square model did not yield statistically significant results (Pearson Chi-Square= .506, p=.477) and descriptive statistics showed that just six of the 61 participants sampled did not use food to soothe at the time their baby was 3-weeks-old. Further examination of descriptive statistics revealed that, between breastfeeding and bottle-feeding as a means to soothe an infant, breastfeeding was used twice as much as bottle-feeding. For participants enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, Children (WIC), the use of food to soothe increased at each of the three time points. Among participants found to be food-insecure, the use of breastfeeding and bottle-feeding as means to soothe varied from time point to time point. The physical and mental toll of the postpartum period may contribute to the high use of food-to-soothe among mothers seen in this study. Future research efforts in this area should examine whether the observations reported in this study are similar among larger samples, and if more mental health support for mothers has any effect on whether food is used to soothe.
ContributorsKoelbel, Megan (Author) / Whisner, Corrie (Thesis advisor) / Petrov, Megan (Committee member) / Bruening, Meg (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023