Lignin is an energy dense polymer that forms the secondary layer within a plants cell wall. Within the cell wall, lignin acts as a matrix material, providing structural integrity to the plant. This polymer is often a byproduct from harvesting cellulose and has traditionally been used in resins, insulation, and adhesives. Recent research has indicated that lignin’s hierarchical structure may offer advantage in dissipating fracture energy while its fibrous composite arrangement prevents crack growth. Because of lignin’s unique chemical characteristics, different formulations and combinations with resins and bioplastics using lignin has started to make way for a new cost-effective and non-polluting alternative for the current petroleum-based plastics used globally. The goal of the following project was to develop a material that could show resilience in replacing the petroleum-based plastic used in small format items whilst also demonstrating high efficacy in biodegradation.

This thesis discusses the importance and impact of preserving Italian culture, food traditions, and local identity. Reflecting on a year spent in Italy during the 2021-2022 academic school year, the author explores the significance and preservation of Italian culture, food traditions, and local identities. The thesis identifies three compelling rationales for their preservation: the health benefits derived from traditional practices, the positive environmental implications of maintaining biodiversity and sustainable methods, and the societal advantages of connected communities fostering a sense of belonging and purpose. Then, this thesis will examine how the nonprofit organization Slow Food, renowned for its commitment to preserving culinary heritage, raises awareness about the imperative need for preservation and education. The organization's core principles and ongoing initiatives serve as a model for championing these essential causes. Using academic analyses of the intersection between food and culture, this thesis establishes a comprehensive analysis of their connection and the significance of their preservation. This thesis draws on diverse sources, including the author's personal experiences during their study-abroad program in Italy. Through these lenses, the paper underscores the critical importance of upholding Italian culture and food traditions amidst evolving global food systems.