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- Creators: Arizona State University. College of Nursing & Healthcare Innovation
- Creators: Buman, Matthew
Description
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the United States and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity lead to cardiovascular disease. Obese adults are more susceptible to CVD compared to their non-obese counterparts. Exercise training leads to large reductions in the risk of CVD and T2D. Recent evidence suggests high-intensity interval training (HIT) may yield similar or superior benefits in a shorter amount of time compared to traditional continuous exercise training. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of HIT to continuous (CONT) exercise training for the improvement of endothelial function, glucose control, and visceral adipose tissue. Seventeen obese men (N=9) and women (N=8) were randomized to eight weeks of either HIT (N=9, age=34 years, BMI=37.6 kg/m2) or CONT (N=8, age=34 years, BMI=34.6 kg/m2) exercise 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed via flow-mediated dilation (FMD), glucose control was assessed via continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and visceral adipose tissue and body composition was measured with an iDXA. Incremental exercise testing was performed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. There were no changes in weight, fat mass, or visceral adipose tissue measured by the iDXA, but there was a significant reduction in body fat that did not differ by group (46±6.3 to 45.4±6.6%, P=0.025). HIT led to a significantly greater improvement in FMD compared to CONT exercise (HIT: 5.1 to 9.0%; CONT: 5.0 to 2.6%, P=0.006). Average 24-hour glucose was not improved over the whole group and there were no group x time interactions for CGM data (HIT: 103.9 to 98.2 mg/dl; CONT: 99.9 to 100.2 mg/dl, P>0.05). When statistical analysis included only the subjects who started with an average glucose at baseline > 100 mg/dl, there was a significant improvement in glucose control overall, but no group x time interaction (107.8 to 94.2 mg/dl, P=0.027). Eight weeks of HIT led to superior improvements in endothelial function and similar improvements in glucose control in obese subjects at risk for T2D and CVD. HIT was shown to have comparable or superior health benefits in this obese sample with a 36% lower total exercise time commitment.
ContributorsSawyer, Brandon J (Author) / Gaesser, Glenn A (Thesis advisor) / Shaibi, Gabriel (Committee member) / Lee, Chong (Committee member) / Swan, Pamela (Committee member) / Buman, Matthew (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
Cardiovascular disease attributed to about 800,000 deaths per year and is the leading cause of all-cause mortality in the U.S. Previous studies indicate that reducing sedentary time or increasing physical activity (PA) can independently reduce cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Further, studies have shown that higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA can attenuate the negative effects of sedentary behavior on CMR.
In this study, we evaluated the association between sedentary time, light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) and CMR biomarkers (high density lipoprotein level, low density lipoprotein level, triglycerides, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index). Additionally, we examined if the detrimental association between sedentary time and CMR biomarkers is partially or fully attenuated by MVPA. Baseline objective physical activity and cardiometabolic risk data from a two-arm-cluster randomized trial (Stand&Move@work) were used in this study. Multilevel models clustered by worksite evaluated the fixed effects and interaction between MVPA and sedentary time on CMR. Data from 630 sedentary working adults (from 24 worksites) were included in the analysis. The sample was mainly middle aged (44.6±11.2) females (74%) with race distributions as follows; 70.5% white, 13.8% hispanic, 4.1% black, 5.1% asian, and 2.1% other. Our study showed detrimental trends consistent with previous studies between sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic outcomes including HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol. MVPA demonstrated beneficial associations with lipoproteins including HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. We observed that high levels of MVPA may be able to partially attenuate the negative effects of highly sedentary behavior on fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. Overall, sedentary behavior indicated deleterious associations with cardiometabolic outcomes. Future directions for this study could examine a more at-risk population or a highly active population for further assessment of CMR biomarkers and the effects of behavior.
In this study, we evaluated the association between sedentary time, light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) and CMR biomarkers (high density lipoprotein level, low density lipoprotein level, triglycerides, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index). Additionally, we examined if the detrimental association between sedentary time and CMR biomarkers is partially or fully attenuated by MVPA. Baseline objective physical activity and cardiometabolic risk data from a two-arm-cluster randomized trial (Stand&Move@work) were used in this study. Multilevel models clustered by worksite evaluated the fixed effects and interaction between MVPA and sedentary time on CMR. Data from 630 sedentary working adults (from 24 worksites) were included in the analysis. The sample was mainly middle aged (44.6±11.2) females (74%) with race distributions as follows; 70.5% white, 13.8% hispanic, 4.1% black, 5.1% asian, and 2.1% other. Our study showed detrimental trends consistent with previous studies between sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic outcomes including HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol. MVPA demonstrated beneficial associations with lipoproteins including HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. We observed that high levels of MVPA may be able to partially attenuate the negative effects of highly sedentary behavior on fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. Overall, sedentary behavior indicated deleterious associations with cardiometabolic outcomes. Future directions for this study could examine a more at-risk population or a highly active population for further assessment of CMR biomarkers and the effects of behavior.
ContributorsMeyer, Emily Camille (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Thesis director) / Toledo, Meynard (Committee member) / Pereira, Mark (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
The objective of the present study was to investigate differences in traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors between Asian and non-Hispanic White young adults. The burden of CVD varies by racial/ethnic group. Traditional risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing CVD include smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Suboptimal sleep is known to be a non-traditional risk factor for poor overall health, CVD risk factors, and CVD. The present study was an investigation of a cross-sectional, screening survey used for a larger community-based study on sleep and cardiovascular health. The unadjusted results examining differences in traditional CVD risk factors indicated that Asian participants were less likely to report alcohol use compared to non-Hispanic White participants. For non-traditional CVD risk factors, Asians were less likely to report experiencing sleep-related fatigue or malaise, attention impairment, daytime sleepiness, reduced motivation or energy, or concerns about their sleep compared to non-Hispanic White participants. Multivariate-analyses were conducted adjusting for sex and age. The adjusted results indicated that the Asian participants were less likely to report alcohol consumption, regular engagement in exercise, engagement in hard intensity exercise, concerns with sleep quality, and sleep difficulty-related fatigue, attention impairment, daytime sleepiness, reduced motivation, and were more likely to be obese compared to non-Hispanic White participants. The results may help guide cardiovascular prevention education provided to these groups. The data indicate the need for further longitudinal research studies on non-traditional CVD risk factors like sleep by ethnicity/race.
ContributorsSpoehr, Natalie Jane (Author) / Petrov, Megan (Thesis director) / Shin, Chanam (Committee member) / Arizona State University. College of Nursing & Healthcare Innovation (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2017-12
Description
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between VLDL and diabetes risk factors, and the impact of a lifestyle intervention on VLDL levels in obese Latino youth. Participants (N=160) in this study were taken from a lager diabetes prevention program for Latino adolescents (Age=14.8±0.8 years, BMI=98.2±1.4). Youth participated in a 12-week lifestyle intervention that included physical activity (60 minutes, 3x/week) and nutrition education sessions (60 minutes, 1x/week) that were delivered to families at the downtown Phoenix YMCA. Primary outcomes included VLDL and diabetes risk factors including fasting and 2-hour glucose and insulin which were measured at baseline and 12-weeks post-intervention. Baseline VLDL levels were significantly correlated with fasting insulin (r =.270, P<0.01) and youth who were more insulin resistant displayed higher VLDL levels compared to youth who were less insulin resistant derived from fasting insulin levels (M=29.8±14.7 mg/dl vs. M=21.6±9.6 mg/dl, P<0.01). In total, 77 participants completed the lifestyle intervention. At post-intervention, VLDL levels were significantly reduced (M=26.0±13.3 mg/dl to M=23.3±11.6 mg/dl, P=0.02). Culturally-grounded, community-based, family-focused lifestyle interventions are a promising approach for reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors in high-risk youth at risk for diabetes.
ContributorsNavabi, Neeku Ariana (Author) / Shaibi, Gabriel (Thesis director) / Soltero, Erica (Committee member) / Ryder, Justin (Committee member) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor) / Arizona State University. College of Nursing & Healthcare Innovation (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-12