Theses and Dissertations
This collection includes both ASU Theses and Dissertations, submitted by graduate students, and the Barrett, Honors College theses submitted by undergraduate students.
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- Genre: Masters Thesis
- Creators: Berman, Spring
- Creators: Norton, Kay
Description
The name of Geechie Wiley has surfaced only rarely since 1931, when she recorded her second session with the Paramount Company in Grafton, WI. A few scholars including Paul Oliver and Greil Marcus unearthed and promoted her music and called for further research on this enigmatic figure. In other publications, Wiley is frequently given only passing mention in long lists of talented female blues singer-guitarists, or briefly discussed in descriptions of songsters. Her music is lauded in the liner notes of the myriad compilation albums that have re-released her recordings. However, prior to this study, Marcus's three-page profile is the longest work written about Wiley; other contributions range between one sentence and two paragraphs in length. None really answers the question: who was Geechie Wiley? This thesis begins by documenting my attempt to piece together all information presently available on Geechie Wiley. A biographical chapter, supplemented with a discussion of the blues songster, follows. I then discuss my methodology and philosophy for transcription. This is followed by a critical and comparative analysis of the recordings, using the transcriptions as supplements. Finally, my fifth chapter presents conclusions about Wiley's life, career, and disappearance. My transcriptions of Wiley's six songs are found in the first appendix. Reproductions of Paramount Records advertisements are located in the final appendix. In these ways, this thesis argues that Wiley's work traces the transformation of African-American music from the general secular music of the songsters to the iconic blues genre.
ContributorsCordeiro, AnneMarie Youell (Author) / Norton, Kay (Thesis advisor) / Mook, Richard (Committee member) / Sunkett, Mark (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2011
Description
Throughout history composers and artists have been inspired by the natural world. Nature's influence on music is extraordinary, though water in particular, has had a unique magnetic pull. The large number of compositions dealing with water, from Handel's Water Music (1717) to Ros Bandt's and Leah Barclay's Rivers Talk (2012), reflects this continuous fascination. Since the late 1940s, composers have ventured further and brought actual sounds from the environment, including water recorded on tape, into the musical arena. Moreover, since the 1960s, some composers have nudged their listeners to become more ecologically aware. Much skepticism exists, as with any unconventional idea in history, and as a result compositions belonging to this realm of musique concrète are not as widely recognized and examined as they should be. In this thesis, I consider works of three composers: Annea Lockwood, Eve Beglarian, and Leah Barclay, who not only draw inspiration from nature, but also use their creativity to call attention to pristine environments. All three composers embrace the idea that music can be broadly defined and use technology as a tool to communicate their artistic visions. These artists are from three different countries and represent three generations of composers who set precedents for a new way of composing, listening to, performing, and thinking about music and the environment. This thesis presents case studies of Lockwood's A Sound Map of the Danube River, Beglarian's Mississippi River Project, and Barclay's Sound Mirrors. This thesis draws on unpublished correspondence with the composers, analytical theories of R. Murray Schafer, Barry Truax, and Martijn Voorvelt, among others, musicological publications, eco-critical and environmental studies by Al Gore, Bill McKibben, and Vandana Shiva, as well as research by feminist scholars. As there is little written on music and nature from an eco-critical and eco-feminist standpoint, this thesis will contribute to the recognition of significant figures in contemporary music that might otherwise be overlooked. In this study I maintain that composers and sound artists engage with sounds in ways that reveal aspects of particular places, and their attitudes toward these places to lead listeners toward a greater ecological awareness.
ContributorsRichardson, Jamilyn (Author) / Feisst, Sabine (Thesis advisor) / Solís, Ted (Committee member) / Norton, Kay (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2012
Description
Humans have an inherent capability of performing highly dexterous and skillful tasks with their arms, involving maintaining posture, movement and interacting with the environment. The latter requires for them to control the dynamic characteristics of the upper limb musculoskeletal system. Inertia, damping and stiffness, a measure of mechanical impedance, gives a strong representation of these characteristics. Many previous studies have shown that the arm posture is a dominant factor for determining the end point impedance in a horizontal plane (transverse plane). The objective of this thesis is to characterize end point impedance of the human arm in the three dimensional (3D) space. Moreover, it investigates and models the control of the arm impedance due to increasing levels of muscle co-contraction. The characterization is done through experimental trials where human subjects maintained arm posture, while perturbed by a robot arm. Moreover, the subjects were asked to control the level of their arm muscles' co-contraction, using visual feedback of their muscles' activation, in order to investigate the effect of the muscle co-contraction on the arm impedance. The results of this study showed a very interesting, anisotropic increase of the arm stiffness due to muscle co-contraction. This can lead to very useful conclusions about the arm biomechanics as well as many implications for human motor control and more specifically the control of arm impedance through muscle co-contraction. The study finds implications for the EMG-based control of robots that physically interact with humans.
ContributorsPatel, Harshil Naresh (Author) / Artemiadis, Panagiotis (Thesis advisor) / Berman, Spring (Committee member) / Helms Tillery, Stephen (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
The Fundación del Estado para el Sistema Nacional de Orquestas Juveniles e Infantiles de Venezuela (FESNOJIV), also known as El Sistema, is an internationally recognized social phenomenon. By promoting social reform and development through music education, El Sistema is enriching the lives of thousands of impoverished youth in Venezuela by providing a nurturing environment for children in government-sponsored orchestras, choirs, and bands. In this thesis, I contend that the relationship between music education and social reform cultivates sociocultural ideas and expectations that are transmitted through FESNOJIV's curriculum to the participating youth and concert attendees. These ideas and El Sistema's live and recorded performances engage both the local Venezuelan community and the world-at-large. Ultimately, I will show that FESNOJIV has been instrumental in creating, promoting, and maintaining a national Venezuelan identity that is associated with pride and musical achievement.
ContributorsPalmer, Katherine (Author) / Solís, Ted (Thesis advisor) / Norton, Kay (Committee member) / Haefer, J. Richard (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
The number of Brazilian immigrants in the United States has greatly increased over the past three decades. In Phoenix, Arizona, this population increase reveals itself through a greater number of large Brazilian cultural events and higher demand for live Brazilian music. Music is so embedded in Brazilian culture that it serves as the ideal medium through which immigrants can reconnect to their Brazilian heritage. In this thesis, I contend that Brazilian immigrants in Phoenix, Arizona maintain their identity as Brazilians through various activities extracted from their home culture, the most prominent being musical interaction and participation. My research reveals three primary factors which form a foundation for maintaining cultural identity through music within the Brazilian immigrant community in Phoenix. These include the common experiences of immigration, diasporic identity, and the role of music within this diaspora. Music is one of the stronger art forms for representing emotions and creating an experience of relationship and connections. Music creates a medium with which to confirm identity, and makes the Brazilian immigrant population visible to other Americans and outsiders. While other Brazilian activities can also serve to maintain immigrants' identity, it is clear to me from five years of participant-observation that musical interaction and participation is the most prominent and effective means for Brazilians in Phoenix to maintain their cultural identity while living in the U.S. As a community, music unites the experiences of the Brazilian immigrants and removes them from the periphery of life in a new society.
ContributorsSwietlik, Amy (Author) / Solís, Ted (Thesis advisor) / Norton, Kay (Committee member) / Pilafian, Sam (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2012
Description
Building and optimizing a design for deformable media can be extremely costly. However, granular scaling laws enable the ability to predict system velocity and mobility
power consumption by testing at a smaller scale in the same environment. The validity of
the granular scaling laws for arbitrarily shaped wheels and screws were evaluated in
materials like silica sand and BP-1, a lunar simulant. Different wheel geometries, such as
non-grousered and straight and bihelically grousered wheels were created and tested
using 3D printed technologies. Using the granular scaling laws and the empirical data
from initial experiments, power and velocity were predicted for a larger scaled version
then experimentally validated on a dynamic mobility platform. Working with granular
media has high variability in material properties depending on initial environmental
conditions, so particular emphasis was placed on consistency in the testing methodology.
Through experiments, these scaling laws have been validated with defined use cases and
limitations.
ContributorsMcbryan, Teresa (Author) / Marvi, Hamidreza (Thesis advisor) / Berman, Spring (Committee member) / Lee, Hyunglae (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) provide a useful framework for modeling andcontrolling large numbers of agents that undergo stochastic transitions between a set of states
in a manner similar to chemical compounds. By utilizing CRN models to design agent control
policies, some of the computational challenges in the coordination of multi-agent systems can
be overcome. In this thesis, a CRN model is developed that defines agent control policies for a
multi-agent construction task. The use of surface CRNs to overcome the tradeoff between
speed and accuracy of task performance is explained. The computational difficulties involved
in coordinating multiple agents to complete collective construction tasks is then discussed. A
method for stochastic task and motion planning (TAMP) is proposed to explain how a TAMP
solver can be applied with CRNs to coordinate multiple agents.
This work defines a collective construction scenario in which a group of noncommunicating agents must rearrange blocks on a discrete domain with obstacles into a
predefined target distribution. Four different construction tasks are considered with 10, 20,
30, or 40 blocks, and a simulation of each scenario with 2, 4, 6, or 8 agents is performed. As the
number of blocks increases, the construction problem becomes more complex, and a given
population of agents requires more time to complete the task. Populations of fewer than 8
agents are unable to solve the 30-block and 40-block problems in the allotted simulation time,
suggesting an inflection point for computational feasibility, implying that beyond that point
the solution times for fewer than 8 agents would be expected to increase significantly. For a
group of 8 agents, the time to complete the task generally increases as the number of blocks
increases, except for the 30-block problem, which has specifications that make the task slightly
easier for the agents to complete compared to the 20-block problem. For the 10-block and 20-
block problems, the time to complete the task decreases as the number of agents increases;
however, the marginal effect of each additional two agents on this time decreases. This can be
explained through the pigeonhole principle: since there area finite number of states, when the
number of agents is greater than the number of available spaces, deadlocks start to occur and
the expectation is that the overall solution time to tend to infinity.
ContributorsKamojjhala, Pranav (Author) / Berman, Spring (Thesis advisor) / Fainekos, Gergios E (Thesis advisor) / Pavlic, Theodore P (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
A Graph Neural Network (GNN) is a type of neural network architecture that operates on data consisting of objects and their relationships, which are represented by a graph. Within the graph, nodes represent objects and edges represent associations between those objects. The representation of relationships and correlations between data is unique to graph structures. GNNs exploit this feature of graphs by augmenting both forms of data, individual and relational, and have been designed to allow for communication and sharing of data within each neural network layer. These benefits allow each node to have an enriched perspective, or a better understanding, of its neighbouring nodes and its connections to those nodes. The ability of GNNs to efficiently process high-dimensional node data and multi-faceted relationships among nodes gives them advantages over neural network architectures such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that do not implicitly handle relational data. These quintessential characteristics of GNN models make them suitable for solving problems in which the correspondences among input data are needed to produce an accurate and precise representation of these data. GNN frameworks may significantly improve existing communication and control techniques for multi-agent tasks by implicitly representing not only information associated with the individual agents, such as agent position, velocity, and camera data, but also their relationships with one another, such as distances between the agents and their ability to communicate with one another. One such task is a multi-agent navigation problem in which the agents must coordinate with one another in a decentralized manner, using proximity sensors only, to navigate safely to their intended goal positions in the environment without collisions or deadlocks. The contribution of this thesis is the design of an end-to-end decentralized control scheme for multi-agent navigation that utilizes GNNs to prevent inter-agent collisions and deadlocks. The contributions consist of the development, simulation and evaluation of the performance of an advantage actor-critic (A2C) reinforcement learning algorithm that employs actor and critic networks for training that simultaneously approximate the policy function and value function, respectively. These networks are implemented using GNN frameworks for navigation by groups of 3, 5, 10 and 15 agents in simulated two-dimensional environments. It is observed that in $40\%$ to $50\%$ of the simulation trials, between 70$\%$ to 80$\%$ of the agents reach their goal positions without colliding with other agents or becoming trapped in deadlocks. The model is also compared to a random run simulation, where actions are chosen randomly for the agents and observe that the model performs notably well for smaller groups of agents.
ContributorsAyalasomayajula, Manaswini (Author) / Berman, Spring (Thesis advisor) / Mian, Sami (Committee member) / Pavlic, Theodore (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Recently, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been applied to the problem of Cold-Start Recommendation, but the training performance of these models is hampered by the extreme sparsity in warm user purchase behavior. This thesis introduces a novel representation for user-vectors by combining user demographics and user preferences, making the model a hybrid system which uses Collaborative Filtering and Content Based Recommendation. This system models user purchase behavior using weighted user-product preferences (explicit feedback) rather than binary user-product interactions (implicit feedback). Using this a novel sparse adversarial model, Sparse ReguLarized Generative Adversarial Network (SRLGAN), is developed for Cold-Start Recommendation. SRLGAN leverages the sparse user-purchase behavior which ensures training stability and avoids over-fitting on warm users. The performance of SRLGAN is evaluated on two popular datasets and demonstrate state-of-the-art results.
ContributorsShah, Aksheshkumar Ajaykumar (Author) / Venkateswara, Hemanth (Thesis advisor) / Berman, Spring (Thesis advisor) / Ladani, Leila J (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
In the early 2000s, a new genre of music broke into the mainstream and begandominating popular music charts. The fans called it emo, and it became known as the latest iteration of the emo genre from the ’80s and ’90s. In this thesis, I explore the relationship between fans and emo music, clarifying the genre’s variety of definitions and interpretations while also identifying the types of discourse and the “productive” fandom practices in which fans participate in online emo community. I consider how early online fandom communities were formed and examine various online emo communities as digital archives containing emo discourse, emo fan fiction, and fan-written music reviews. Analyzing such archived materials from internet sites such as Pinterest, Tumblr, and LiveJournal is an important next step in emo fandom studies because these digital archives reveal significant areas of discourse within emo communities ranging from terminology and genre classification to modes of participatory fandom like fan fiction to conversations about mental health. I consider these topics from all sides, balancing fan testimonies with media narratives and scholarly commentary. By focusing on the mental health crisis in online emo fandom, the fan content that emo fandom inspires, and different approaches to defining the genre of emo, this thesis contributes to the study of a unique musical subculture that shaped the lives of a generation of teenagers. It will also illuminate the essential role that the internet plays in the formation of subcultures and teen identities by exploring the past and present existence of this online fandom.
ContributorsWilliams, Anna Katherine (Author) / Wells, Christi J (Thesis advisor) / Norton, Kay (Committee member) / Schmeltz, Peter J (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022