Theses and Dissertations
This collection includes both ASU Theses and Dissertations, submitted by graduate students, and the Barrett, Honors College theses submitted by undergraduate students.
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- All Subjects: Energy Intake
- Creators: Johnston, Carol
Description
Objective: This research examined the impact of daily ingestions of commercial high protein nutrition bars (with or without added fiber) on 24-h energy intake and satiety
for one week among free-living young healthy adults.
Design: In a 4-week double-blind, randomized crossover trial, 21 normal and
overweight participants (Mean BMI 23.9 ± 2.7 kg/m²), free of chronic diseases, were
randomized assigned to HP (high protein: 21 g protein) or HPHF (high protein high fiber:
20g, 14 g fiber) nutrition bars. Participants were included in the trial if they meet the
criteria for non-smoking, and not taking prescribed medication for chronic diseases.
Participants were instructed to consume commercial nutrition bars daily for seven
consecutive days. Body composition was measured with a bioelectrical impedance scale
at weeks 1, 3, and 5. Dietary data was recorded by the MyFitnessPal app on Wednesday,
Friday, and Sunday of each week.
Results: The mean energy intake for the weeks HPHF bars were consumed is
significantly higher compared to baseline (1998 ± 534 vs. 1806 ± 537 respectively; p =
0.035). The mean fat mass following one week of HPHF bar consumption was
significantly higher than the baseline value (18.8 ± 6.8 vs. 18.3 ± 6.7 respectively; p =
0.023) and trended higher (18.8 ± 6.8 vs. 18.3 ± 6.7 respectively; p = 0.057) in
comparison to the value following one week of HP bar consumption. For the high
physical activity level group (n = 10), the mean energy intakes for the baseline week and
the weeks the HP and HPHF bars were consumed were 1883 ± 597 kcal, 2154 ± 712 kcal,
and 2099 ± 603 kcal respectively (p ˂ 0.04; energy intakes for both bars were
significantly different from baseline). Nutrient intakes differed significantly mirroring the
nutrient profile for each specific bar. There are significant effects after both bars on
satiety, but there were no differences between each bar.
Conclusions: Sales of nutrition bars gained rapid growth and may represent a
unique source for specific nutrients. However, ingestion of commercial high protein
nutrition bars may increase the risk of gaining fat mass and eventual body mass over
time.
ContributorsPang, Minghan (Author) / Johnston, Carol (Thesis advisor) / Shepard, Christina (Committee member) / Alexon, Christy (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
The assessment and evaluation of dietary intake and nutrition knowledge in female athletes is especially important due to the high prevalence of inadequate intake in this population (Black et al., 2019). This study evaluated 1) the relationship of nutrition knowledge and dietary intake among collegiate female athletes at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), and Club sport levels and 2) the impact of competition level on this relationship as well. Participants (NCAA DI, n=51; NJCAA, n = 36; Club, n = 37) in this study answered two questionnaires, the Nutrition Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) and the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants (REAP) questionnaire to assess knowledge and dietary intake. Participants also provided anthropometric and demographic information. The NSKQ was scored as a whole and for each of the four subcategories. REAP was scored both by tallying the number of “usually/often” frequency responses and given a numeral score to estimate diet quality. Statistical analysis was conducted using Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square and Spearman’s correlation tests to compare differences within subgroups of participants and evaluate any relationships that may exist between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake with significance set at p≤0.05. Differences in nutrition knowledge between competition groups were significant, H(2)= 16.94, p< 0.001. NCAA DI (p<0.001) and Club (p<0.001) athletes had higher nutrition knowledge than athletes at the NJCAA level. This was true for overall knowledge as well as knowledge subcategories. However, minimal relationships between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake were found. The overall correlation value was rs(118)= -0.10 (95%CI: -0.28 to 0.08), p>0.05. This suggests those with higher nutrition knowledge did not necessarily have better dietary intake. Improvements in the assessment of nutrition knowledge and quick assessment of dietary quality and the relation between both is needed.
ContributorsSkinner, Jensen Drew (Author) / Wardenaar, Floris (Thesis advisor) / Johnston, Carol (Committee member) / Yudell, Amber (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020