Theses and Dissertations
This collection includes both ASU Theses and Dissertations, submitted by graduate students, and the Barrett, Honors College theses submitted by undergraduate students.
Displaying 1 - 3 of 3
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- All Subjects: Environmental engineering
- Creators: Emady, Heather
Description
The accurate and fast determination of organic air pollutants for many applications and studies is critical. Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has become an important public health concern, which may induce a lot of health effects such as respiratory irritation, headaches and dizziness. In order to monitor the personal VOCs exposure level at point-of-care, a wearable real time monitor for VOCs detection is necessary. For it to be useful in real world application, it requires low cost, small size and weight, low power consumption, high sensitivity and selectivity.
To meet these requirements, a novel mobile device for personal VOCs exposure monitor has been developed. The key sensing element is a disposable molecularly imprinted polymer based quartz tuning fork resonator. The sensor and fabrication protocol are low cost, reproducible and stable. Characterization on the sensing material and device has been done. Comparisons with gold standards in the field such as GC-MS have been conducted. And the device’s functionality and capability have been validated in field tests, proving that it’s a great tool for VOCs monitoring under different scenarios.
To meet these requirements, a novel mobile device for personal VOCs exposure monitor has been developed. The key sensing element is a disposable molecularly imprinted polymer based quartz tuning fork resonator. The sensor and fabrication protocol are low cost, reproducible and stable. Characterization on the sensing material and device has been done. Comparisons with gold standards in the field such as GC-MS have been conducted. And the device’s functionality and capability have been validated in field tests, proving that it’s a great tool for VOCs monitoring under different scenarios.
ContributorsDeng, Yue, Ph.D (Author) / Forzani, Erica S (Thesis advisor) / Lind, Mary L (Committee member) / Mu, Bin (Committee member) / LaBelle, Jeffery (Committee member) / Emady, Heather (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2017
Description
The purpose of this study was to comprehend the global warming potential (GWP), cost variability, and competitiveness of steel with rising carbon taxes. Aluminum, glass fiber composite, and carbon fiber composite were chosen as competing materials. In order to compare the aforementioned factors, the GWP of several processes to produce steel, aluminum, and fiber composites was examined. Cost analyses of various methods were also carried out to determine their viability. Energy consumption data for each of the paths under consideration were taken from the literature for the study. To get the consistent GWP for traditional and decarbonized scenarios, the required energy is multiplied with corresponding energy source (natural gas or electricity). Even after accounting for the carbon tax and the weight-reduction factor, the results show that steel still has the lowest production costs, followed by aluminum, while fiber composites remain the most costly. EAF- steel and secondary aluminum has least GWP followed by H2-DRI (Hydrogen- Direct Reduced Iron)steel and NG-DRI (Natural Gas- Direct Reduced Iron) steel with carbon capture and storage (CCS). The state of art technology for glass fiber reinforced composite also emits less carbon dioxide but the cost of production is still high. Carbon fiber reinforced composite emits most carbon dioxide and is least economical.
ContributorsRajulwar, Vaishnavi Vijay (Author) / Seetharaman, Sridhar (Thesis advisor) / Emady, Heather (Committee member) / Nian, Qiong (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
Anthropogenic processes have increased the concentration of toxic Se, As and N in water. Oxo-anions of these species are poisonous to aquatic and terrestrial life. Current remediation techniques have low selectivity towards their removal. Understanding the chemistry and physics which control oxo-anion adsorption on metal oxide and the catalytic nitrate reduction to inform improved remediation technologies can be done using Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption of selenate, selenite, and arsenate was investigated on the alumina and hematite to inform sorbent design strategies. Adsorption energies were calculated as a function of surface structure, composition, binding motif, and pH within a hybrid implicit-explicit solvation strategy. Correlations between surface property descriptors including water network structure, cationic species identity, and facet and the adsorption energies of the ions show that the surface water network controls the adsorption energy more than any other, including the cationic species of the metal-oxide. Additionally, to achieve selectivity for selenate over sulphate, differences in their electronic structure must be exploited, for example by the reduction of selenate to selenite by Ti3+ cations.
Thermochemical or electrochemical reduction pathways to convert NO3- to N2 or NH3, which are benign or value-added products, respectively are examined over single-atom electrocatalysts (SAC) in Cu. The activity and selectivity for nitrate reduction are compared with the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Cu suppresses HER but produces toxic NO2- because of a high activation barrier for cleaving the second N-O bond. SACs provide secondary sites for reaction and break traditional linear scaling relationships. Ru-SACs selectively produce NH3 because N-O bond scission is facile, and the resulting N remains isolated on SAC sites; reacting with H+ from solvating H2O to form ammonia. Conversely, Pd-SAC forms N2 because the reduced N* atoms migrate to the Cu surface, which has a low H availability, allowing N atoms to combine to N2. This relation between N* binding preference and reduction product is demonstrated across an array of SAC elements.
Hence, the solvation effects on the surface critically alter the activity of adsorption and catalysis and the removal of toxic pollutants can be improved by altering the surface water network.
ContributorsGupta, Srishti (Author) / Muhich, Christopher L (Thesis advisor) / Singh, Arunima (Committee member) / Emady, Heather (Committee member) / Westerhoff, Paul (Committee member) / Deng, Shuguang (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023