Barrett, The Honors College Thesis/Creative Project Collection

This research highlights the experiences of mothers diagnosed with preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome through qualitative data analysis of social media comments. I collected 300 comments from the Instagram accounts @preeclampsia.foundation and @HELLPsyndrome. The two overarching themes found were: (1) Experiences with maternal healthcare and (2) Virtual Healing Spaces. These Instagram accounts represented unique communities that provide support and information that cannot be found elsewhere. These findings address gaps in the literature on maternal experience with preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome and identify directions for further research. The conclusions drawn add to current research that points to the need for reform in maternal healthcare.

Hybrid metalloproteins incorporating synthetic organometallic active sites within a protein scaffold are being researched as viable catalysts for the production of hydrogen fuel. Our group and others have shown that the incorporation of cobalt protoporphyrin IX in cytochrome b₅₆₂ yields artificial enzymes that reduce protons to molecular hydrogen in the presence of photoinductive light and photosensitizers. Using random mutagenesis via error-prone PCR we have created a library of mutants to use in directed evolution to optimize hydrogen catalysis, though a challenge in this project is that testing individual variants by gas chromatography is not feasible on a large scale. For this reason, we are developing a gasochromic, hydrogen assay that is based on the interaction of molecular hydrogen with tungsten trioxide with a palladium catalyst. Initially, results show this assay to be qualitatively accurate between trials; however, its application in screening remains a challenge.

U.S. border colonias, otherwise known as Disadvantaged Unincorporated Communities, are rural settlements along the U.S. Mexico border with substandard housing conditions. Colonia residents often face inadequate access to necessities such as appropriate shelter, septic and sewer systems, and potable water. Water insecurity in colonias poses a particularly difficult challenge for residents who require clean water not only for consumption, but also household use in sanitation and hygienic practices. As of 2015, an estimated 30% of over five million US colonia residents lack access to clean drinking water, resulting in health complications and unsanitary living conditions. Preliminary health data collected indicates that due to water insecurity, colonia residents are more likely to contract gastrointestinal disease, be exposed to carcinogenic compounds from contaminated water, and experience psychosocial distress. Yet more comprehensive research needs to be conducted to understand the full breadth of the public health issue. A scoping review on water insecurity in colonias has not been completed before and could be beneficial in informing policymakers and other stakeholders on the severity of the situation while advising possible solutions.

Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) is a marker of eosinophilic inflammation in allergic diseases. Currently, measuring EPX in nasal swabs as a surrogate for airway eosinophil levels is completed using a gold standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) lab test. The purpose of this project was to develop and validate a novel lateral flow assay (LFA) that measures EPX with the same sensitivity and range of detection as the gold standard EPX ELISA, but that can be efficiently used in clinical settings. The results of this project show that the EPX LFA is a promising method for measuring EPX in nasal swab samples. While future studies are needed for further validation, the EPX LFA could provide rapid point-of-care EPX measurements for clinicians and patients suffering with eosinophil-associated diseases.

This project investigates the adjustment to college life that first-year athletes must face. Through personal essay, a comprehensive survey of current college athletes at Arizona State University, and one-on-one interviews with self-selected, current athletes, the project presents the collection of challenges confronted and best practices adopted (and also missteps to be learned from) along the way in a college athlete’s first year and transition from high school to college. By looking systematically, this project brings awareness to the common stressors that athletes face and shares coping mechanisms in which these stressors can be overcome. This project also brings the survey statistics to life with individual stories, including both the author’s personal essay and interviews with individual athletes. While the first purpose of this thesis is to make clear to athletes struggling with this transition from high school to college sports that their experience is commonplace and expected, the second purpose is to set these athletes up for success: providing them with a one-stop shop of resources to assist athletes and any of their needs. The project analyzes athletes’ current use of resources and brings together the available resources for athletes into a single catalogue. This “guidebook” blends previous research on the adjustment to college for collegiate athletes, a new study analyzing the specific resource usage of the current Sun Devil athletes, and personal testimony. What this project revealed was that not only are first-year athletes experiencing common stressors and underutilizing resources available to them, so too are athletes in the second, third, and fourth years. All athletes would benefit from increasing awareness of the challenges and stressors often experienced by athletes and increased accessing of resources available to athletes that continue to be underutilized.

Refugee women face many challenges to obtaining maternal, reproductive, and sexual health post-resettlement including the language barrier, navigating the healthcare system, finding childcare to attend appointments, and cultural mismatches between their beliefs and practices around the prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum periods and that of the healthcare system in which they resettle into. This cultural barrier poses a challenge to healthcare providers as well as it necessitates that they respect their patients’ cultural beliefs while still providing them with the highest standard of care. Cultural competency training has been used to assist providers in understanding and responding to cultural differences, but gaps still exist when it comes to navigating specific scenarios. The objective of this research was to conduct a literature review of studies pertaining to refugee maternal, reproductive, and sexual healthcare post-resettlement to investigate the following questions: how tensions between biomedically accepted best practices and cultural norms present themselves in these healthcare fields, how healthcare providers take into consideration their patients’ cultural beliefs and norms when providing maternal, reproductive, and sexual healthcare to refugee women, and what can be done to continue to improve the provision of culturally appropriate care to refugee women. Findings from twenty different studies that focused primarily on eight cultural groups identified that Cesarean sections, inductions, and certain family planning methods are significant points of contention regarding cultural norms for refugee women and that they prefer certain foods, birthing positions, and other cultural practices during the delivery. Healthcare providers consider their refugee patients’ cultural beliefs by creating relationships with them built on trust, utilizing community liaisons, and through attempts to accommodate cultural practices when possible. Some potential improvements offered to improve cultural competency were improved cultural competency training that focused on how healthcare providers ask questions and interact with their patients, increased partnership with refugee communities, and an emphasis on patient education surrounding interventions and procedures related to maternal and reproductive health that could cause hesitations. The results of this literature review accentuated the importance of relationships within the field of refugee women’s healthcare, between both refugee patients and their providers and refugee communities and the healthcare systems. Providing refugee women access to more culturally competent healthcare can increase their trust in the healthcare systems of the countries they resettle in and healthcare utilization that can contribute to improved health outcomes for refugee women and their children.

Sulfur oxidation is a process that is seen a wide variety of places. One particular place is Yellowstone national park where an abundance of hot springs are present. These acidic and hot places are prime locations for sulfur oxidation to occur. At a very basic level this is thought of as Sulfur, oxygen, and water forming sulfate and hydrogen. Many other reactions occur when an organism performs these processes, and many enzymes are used for this. This paper aimed to create, balance, and analyze the reactions involved in the paper Sulfur Oxidation in the Acidophilic Autotrophic Acidithiobacillus spp. (Wang et al., 2019) Once these reactions were balanced thermodynamic properties were found to evaluate the Gibbs Free Energy of these reactions. This allowed for a unique energy-based view of how this web of reactions relate to each other.