School of Sustainability Graduate Culminating Experiences

This paper is a reflection on the background, planning, development, and, implementation of the Climate Action Leadership Program (CALP). The 21st Century has been named the “century of the environment”. This program builds the next generation of leaders who are pursuing solutions to climate change. The program is result of professional and scientific research in the areas of education and sustainability that uncovers the lingering sustainability education gap within the U.S. public school system. Research methodology applied combined qualitative and quantitative data analysis approach, including surveys, observations, and, academic research. The results show there are few programs in grades 8th to 12th, a crucial demographic, incorporating sustainability leadership education training or teaching the fundamental principles of sustainability in the public school curriculum.
We can no longer assume that social and environmental challenges such as pollution, dwindling resources and climate change can be set-aside for future generations. The creation of sustainability leadership education programs would properly prepare students for the greatly important, globally recognized social and environmental issues they actually face throughout their education, and professional practice. The compulsion to act is the outcome of the Climate Action Leadership Program. CALP is designed to create the next generation of sustainability leaders by transforming thoughts and ideas into effective climate action. Students learn how to build personal resilience, tell compelling stories and foster sustainable behavior in their own school communities.

Institutional factors are rarely examined in disaster risks in the Himalayan region, as much of the focus so far has been on improving the scientific understanding of the natural hazards and risks. This is particularly true for glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), which are natural hazards endemic to high mountain ranges such as the Andes, Alps, and Himalayas. While these have put mountain communities at risk for centuries, vulnerability is viewed to be increasing due to climate change. While the science behind the causes and characteristics of these hazards is now better understood, there is an absence of research understanding the social, cultural and institutional drivers behind creating effective strategies to mitigate risks from GLOFs. This is more so for the Himalayan region, where institutions have recently started to address this risk, but contention between local communities and external organizations can hinder mitigation efforts. To better understand how people’s perception towards disaster risk, a study conducted by Sherpa et al. (2019) examined the socio-economic and cultural perceptions surrounding GLOF hazards.

This research highlighted gaps in how scientific knowledge is disseminated to local communities, and the resulting distrust in government mitigation projects such as lake lowering and Early Warning Systems. A clear need developed to conduct an institutional analysis of the governance systems responsible for disaster risk management and their interaction with local communities. This study examines the institutional conditions under which mountain communities create effective adaptation strategies to address climate induced hazards. We use a mixed-methods approach, combining: a) quantitative analysis of household surveys collected in 2016-2017 and b) qualitative analysis that maps out the various factors of institutions that influence the success of community-based adaptation efforts. Additionally, GLOF case studies from Nepal are compared to those in Peru, where institutions have a longer history of managing GLOF risks. The research finds that there are several considerations including: lack of cross-scalar communication networks, lack of local knowledge and participation in policy processes, and ineffective interorganizational coordination of knowledge sharing and funding streams for local projects. This disconnect between external versus local and informal institutions becomes an inherent issue in projects where agenda setting by external organizations plays prevalent roles in project implementation.