ASU Scholarship Showcase

Does school participatory budgeting (SPB) increase students’ political efficacy? SPB, which is implemented in thousands of schools around the world, is a democratic process of deliberation and decision-making in which students determine how to spend a portion of the school’s budget. We examined the impact of SPB on political efficacy in one middle school in Arizona. Our participants’ (n = 28) responses on survey items designed to measure self-perceived growth in political efficacy indicated a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.46), suggesting that SPB is an effective approach to civic pedagogy, with promising prospects for developing students’ political efficacy.

The following literature review talks about the driving simulation platforms commercially available for automated vehicle development. It is also a comparison of the simulation packages, their advantages and drawbacks, and an insight into what is missing in the simulators of today. Automated vehicle safety and reliability are the important requirements when developing automated vehicles. These requirements are guaranteed by extensive functional and performance tests. Conducting these tests on real vehicles is extremely expensive and time consuming, and thus it is necessary to develop a simulation platform to perform these tasks. In most cases, it is difficult for system or algorithm developers in the testing process to evaluate the massive design space. To test any algorithm change, developers need to test a functional module alone, and later setting up a whole physical testing environment that consists of several other modules, leading to enormous testing costs. Fortunately, many of the testing tasks can be accomplished by utilizing simulator. The key to the success of a simulation is how accurately the simulator can simulate the physical reality.

Jane Austen’s beloved naval brother, Charles Austen (1779–1852), had a significant impact on her literary career.We find probable traces of him in the male characters appearing in Mansfield Park (1814) and Persuasion (1818), and he is said to have offered naval vocabulary to help his sister revise the second edition of Mansfield Park (1816). In addition to his impact during Jane’s lifetime (1775–1817), Charles played a role in sustaining her posthumous celebrity, modest as it was at first. Two previously unpublished brief letters by him—and references to him in other correspondence—offer an opportunity to speculate about his role in supporting his late sister’s literary reputation.