Matching Items (4)
Description
With proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) and advent of advanced measurement devices in modern distribution grids, an advanced distribution management system (ADMS) is needed to be developed in order to maintain reliability and efficiency of modern distribution systems. However, the numbers of sensors and measurement devices in distribution networks are limited, and communication links between switch devices, sensors, and ADMS are not well-established. Moreover, the fast voltage fluctuation and violation issues caused by high penetration levels of DERs cannot be easily coped with traditional Volt-VAr control (VVC) devices. In this regard, this Dissertation report proposes an ADMS tool including all core components, i.e., topology processor, state estimation, outage detection, DERs scheduling, and Volt-VAr optimization of DERs, for smart distribution networks with DERs, smart meters, and micro-phasor measurement units (micro-PMUs). In order to execute the ADMS tool’s components in an unbalanced distribution system, novel nonlinear and convex AC optimal power flow models based on current-voltage (IVACOPF) formulation are proposed for an unbalanced distribution system with DERs. Applications of the proposed convex IVACOPF model on key parts of ADMS and DERs management system (DERMS), i.e., (i) simultaneous state estimation, topology processor, and outage detection, (ii) DERs scheduling, and (iii) Volt-VAr optimization of DERs, are presented in this report. In this regard, an efficient MIQP-based optimization model based on IVACOPF is proposed to simultaneously identify real-time network topology, estimate system state, and detect outages of unbalanced distribution systems. The proposed model copes with challenges of a real distribution network including: (1) limited locations of measurement devices and unsynchronized measurement data as well as missing and bad data, and (2) complicated mixed-phase switch actions and mutual impedances and shunt admittances. For the Volt-VAr optimization component of ADMS and DERs scheduling, an operational scheduling model of DERs and PV smart inverters with Volt-VAr controllers is proposed using IVACOPF in an unbalanced distribution network. The setpoints of controller setting of each individual PV smart inverter are optimized within the allowable range of the IEEE 1547-2018 standard to improve local as well as system-level voltage regulation in an unbalanced distribution system.
ContributorsSoltani, Zahra (Author) / Khorsand, Mojdeh MKH (Thesis advisor) / Vittal, Vijay VV (Committee member) / Ayyanar, Raja RA (Committee member) / Weng, Yang YW (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
Modeling protection devices is essential for performing accurate stability studies. Modeling all the protection devices in a bulk power system is an intractable task due to the limitations of current stability software, and the difficulty in updating the setting data for thousands of protection devices. One of the critical protection schemes that is not adequately modeled in stability studies is distance relaying. Therefore, this dissertation proposes two different methods for identifying the critical distance relays for any contingency, which are required to be modeled in stability studies. The first method is an iterative analytical algorithm and the second method is an ML-based method. The performances of both the methods are evaluated on the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system and the results show that to have an accurate assessment of system behavior, modeling the critical distance suffices, and modeling all the distance relays in not necessary. Furthermore, modeling various generator protective relays in stability studies is also crucial. However, no comprehensive framework has been developed that provides guidelines on proper representation of generator protective relays in stability studies and evaluate their impact on the dynamic response of a system. To fill this gap, this dissertation proposes a comprehensive systematic framework which enables proper representation of generator protective relays in stability studies, thereby increasing the accuracy of these studies. The framework is tested on a particular area of the WECC system and the behaviors of different generator protective relays is evaluated.Finally, this dissertation proposes a comprehensive machine-learning (ML)-based online dynamic security assessment (DSA) method that broaden the concept of online DSA by predicting loss of synchronism (LOS) in generators, and the operation of critical protective relays in a power system. The performance of the method is tested on the WECC system in the presence of different noise levels and missing phasor measurement unit (PMU) data. The results reveal that the method can provide precise and fast predictions and is robust to noise and missing PMU data. Therefore, the method can be reliably used in power systems to enhance situational awareness by providing early warnings of impending problems in the system.
ContributorsVakili, Ramin (Author) / Hedman, Mojdeh MKH (Thesis advisor) / Wu, Meng MW (Committee member) / Ayyanar, Raja RA (Committee member) / Vittal, Vijay VV (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
The continuous demand for higher power density and better efficiency to reduce the global energy consumption, is the driving force to introduce new semiconductor technologies. Wide-band-gap (WBG) material based devices such as gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs) and silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (SiC MOSFETs) are considered promising candidates for replacing conventional silicon MOSFETs, mainly because of their capabilities of higher switching frequencies with less switching and conduction losses. Although WBG devices can largely improve the conversion efficiency, the implementation of WBG devices brings in some challenges in power converter design. Firstly, the high voltage changing slew rate of WBG devices introduces a distortion current to the gate through the coupling capacitance of the device. The distortion current may cause mis-trigger or overvoltage breakdown of the device gate. This issue is so-called crosstalk effect. This dissertation proposes a multilevel gate driving profile to address this issue.
Secondly, due to the gate-to-substrate voltage bias, the integration of multiple GaN devices suffers from the high on-state resistance. This issue is so-called current collapse or electron trap. This dissertation proposes a gate current injection method to address this issue. By injecting relatively large gate current at specific time period, the on-state resistance is largely improved at both hard-switching and soft-switching scenarios.
Thirdly, series connection of switches is an effective way to achieve higher blocking voltage of the device. The serial connection of WBG devices suffers from the dynamic voltage unbalance and short-circuit protection issues. The additional short-circuit scenarios are found in the series-connected devices, which are not covered by the traditional short-circuit protection scheme. Dynamic voltage sharing problem is addressed using porposed current source gate driver. Besides, the short-circuit protection circuit is integrated in the proposed gate driver to cover all the short-circuit scenarios of series-connected devices.
Finally, this dissertation uses a practical converter design example to comprehensively elaborate the design considerations of WBG based converters. A 1.5 MHz/ 2 kV/ 80 A commercial burst-mode inverter using SiC MOSFETs is designed for electromagnetic acoustic transducer. This inverter design includes comprehensive fault protection, hardware and controller design.
ContributorsLiu, Chunhui (Author) / Lei, Qin QL (Thesis advisor) / Ayyanar, Raja RA (Committee member) / Ranjram, Mike MR (Committee member) / Mallik, Ayan AM (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become the most attractive and promising topology for multi-terminal high-voltage direct current (MTDC) transmission system. Currently, the dq controller and droop controller are widely used in MTDC systems. However, dq control needs phase synchronization by the phase-locked loop (PLL) and ignores the MMC inner dynamics, which jeopardizes the power decoupling and system stability. On the other side, inappropriate droop parameters can cause instability due to the complicated dynamics of MTDC systems. Moreover, the estimation of control parameters stability region will be helpful to guarantee safe operation of the MMC-MTDC systems. In this thesis, a generalized model of the MMC-MTDC systems is developed, which is precise to reflect transient dynamics, and applicable for arbitrary dc network topology and transmission line model. Furthermore, a nonlinear phase-unsynchronized power decoupling control for MMC is proposed. It realizes power decoupling without PLL and MMC output power dynamics are designed as second-order inertial systems for convenient parameter determination. Additionally, a nonlinear droop controller with a reference self-correct algorithm is proposed for improving regulation speed, reducing dc voltage deviation, and maintaining stability. For convenient stability analysis, an inequality-constraint-based method is proposed to efficiently estimate parameter stability regions through constructing the inequality constraints of parameters' variation. To verify the proposed methods, 4-terminal and 14-terminal MMC-MTDC systems are employed. A comparison of dynamic responses between the calculations of nonlinear state-space models in MATLAB and the EMT simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC is conducted to demonstrate the accuracy of the developed model. Then, the proposed phase-unsynchronized power decoupling control is verified by four cases in EMT simulations and four cases in the experimental prototype. Meanwhile, comparisons with the dq control are conducted to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed method. Furthermore, the zero dynamic stability is investigated and the influences of system parameters on stability are analyzed. For the MTDC control, the performance of the proposed nonlinear droop control is validated in the EMT simulations. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method of parameter stability regions is demonstrated by several examinations including the supremum tests of droop slopes, the stability region sketches on the accuracy, and the unstable operations with predicted improper droop slopes.
ContributorsZou, Yuntao (Author) / Qin, Jiangchao JQ (Thesis advisor) / Vittal, Vijay VV (Committee member) / Ayyanar, Raja RA (Committee member) / Wu, Meng MW (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021