Matching Items (5)
Description
This research focuses on the benefits of using nanocomposites in aerospace structural components to prevent or delay the onset of unique composite failure modes, such as delamination. Analytical, numerical, and experimental analyses were conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of how carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can provide additional structural integrity when they are used in specific hot spots within a structure. A multiscale approach was implemented to determine the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites, which were used in detailed finite element models (FEMs) to analyze interlaminar failures in T and Hat section stringers. The delamination that first occurs between the tow filler and the bondline between the stringer and skin was of particular interest. Both locations are considered to be hot spots in such structural components, and failures tend to initiate from these areas. In this research, nanocomposite use was investigated as an alternative to traditional methods of suppressing delamination. The stringer was analyzed under different loading conditions and assuming different structural defects. Initial damage, defined as the first drop in the load displacement curve was considered to be a useful variable to compare the different behaviors in this study and was detected via the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) implemented in the FE analysis.
Experiments were conducted to test T section skin/stringer specimens under pull-off loading, replicating those used in composite panels as stiffeners. Two types of designs were considered: one using pure epoxy to fill the tow region and another that used nanocomposite with 5 wt. % CNTs. The response variable in the tests was the initial damage. Detailed analyses were conducted using FEMs to correlate with the experimental data. The correlation between both the experiment and model was satisfactory. Finally, the effects of thermal cure and temperature variation on nanocomposite structure behavior were studied, and both variables were determined to influence the nanocomposite structure performance.
Experiments were conducted to test T section skin/stringer specimens under pull-off loading, replicating those used in composite panels as stiffeners. Two types of designs were considered: one using pure epoxy to fill the tow region and another that used nanocomposite with 5 wt. % CNTs. The response variable in the tests was the initial damage. Detailed analyses were conducted using FEMs to correlate with the experimental data. The correlation between both the experiment and model was satisfactory. Finally, the effects of thermal cure and temperature variation on nanocomposite structure behavior were studied, and both variables were determined to influence the nanocomposite structure performance.
ContributorsHasan, Zeaid (Author) / Chattopadhyay, Aditi (Thesis advisor) / Dai, Lenore (Committee member) / Jiang, Hanqing (Committee member) / Rajadas, John (Committee member) / Liu, Yongming (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2014
Mechanical Behavior of Meteorites: Multiscale Characterization of the Strength and Failure Mechanism
Description
In this research, the chemical and mineralogical compositions, physical and mechanical properties, and failure mechanisms of two ordinary chondrite (OCs) meteorites Aba Panu (L3) and Viñales (L6), and the iron meteorite called Gibeon (IVA) were studied. OCs are dominated by anhydrous silicates with lesser amounts of sulfides and native Fe-Ni metals, while Gibeon is primarily composed of Fe-Ni metals with scattered inclusions of graphite and troilite. The OCs were investigated to understand their response to compressive loading, using a three-dimensional (3-D) Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to measure full-field deformation and strain during compression. The DIC data were also used to identify the effects of mineralogical and structural heterogeneity on crack formation and growth. Even though Aba Panu and Viñales are mineralogically similar and are both classified as L ordinary chondrites, they exhibit differences in compressive strengths due to variations in chemical compositions, microstructure, and the presence of cracks and shock veins. DIC data of Aba Panu and Viñales show a brittle failure mechanism, consistent with the crack formation and growth from pre-existing microcracks and porosity. In contrast, the Fe-Ni phases of the Gibeon meteorite deform plastically without rupture during compression, whereas during tension, plastic deformations followed by necking lead to final failure. The Gibeon DIC results showed strain concentration in the tensile gauge region along the sample edge, resulting in the initiation of new damage surfaces that propagated perpendicular to the loading direction. Finally, an in-situ low-temperature testing method of iron meteorites was developed to study the response of their unique microstructure and failure mechanism.
ContributorsRabbi, Md Fazle (Author) / Chattopadhyay, Aditi (Thesis advisor) / Garvie, Laurence A.J. (Thesis advisor) / Liu, Yongming (Committee member) / Fard, Masoud Yekani (Committee member) / Cotto-Figueroa, Desiree (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
This dissertation explores thermal effects and electrical characteristics in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) devices and circuits using a multiscale dual-carrier approach. Simulating electron and hole transport with carrier-phonon interactions for thermal transport allows for the study of complementary logic circuits with device level accuracy in electrical characteristics and thermal effects. The electrical model is comprised of an ensemble Monte Carlo solution to the Boltzmann Transport Equation coupled with an iterative solution to two-dimensional (2D) Poisson’s equation. The thermal model solves the energy balance equations accounting for carrier-phonon and phonon-phonon interactions. Modeling of circuit behavior uses parametric iteration to ensure current and voltage continuity. This allows for modeling of device behavior, analyzing circuit performance, and understanding thermal effects.
The coupled electro-thermal approach, initially developed for individual n-channel MOSFET (NMOS) devices, now allows multiple devices in tandem providing a platform for better comparison with heater-sensor experiments. The latest electro-thermal solver allows simulation of multiple NMOS and p-channel MOSFET (PMOS) devices, providing a platform for the study of complementary MOSFET (CMOS) circuit behavior. Modeling PMOS devices necessitates the inclusion of hole transport and hole-phonon interactions. The analysis of CMOS circuits uses the electro-thermal device simulation methodology alongside parametric iteration to ensure current continuity. Simulating a CMOS inverter and analyzing the extracted voltage transfer characteristics verifies the efficacy of this methodology. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the dual-carrier electro-thermal solver in simulating thermal effects in CMOS circuits.
The coupled electro-thermal approach, initially developed for individual n-channel MOSFET (NMOS) devices, now allows multiple devices in tandem providing a platform for better comparison with heater-sensor experiments. The latest electro-thermal solver allows simulation of multiple NMOS and p-channel MOSFET (PMOS) devices, providing a platform for the study of complementary MOSFET (CMOS) circuit behavior. Modeling PMOS devices necessitates the inclusion of hole transport and hole-phonon interactions. The analysis of CMOS circuits uses the electro-thermal device simulation methodology alongside parametric iteration to ensure current continuity. Simulating a CMOS inverter and analyzing the extracted voltage transfer characteristics verifies the efficacy of this methodology. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the dual-carrier electro-thermal solver in simulating thermal effects in CMOS circuits.
ContributorsDaugherty, Robin (Author) / Vasileska, Dragica (Thesis advisor) / Aberle, James T., 1961- (Committee member) / Ferry, David (Committee member) / Goodnick, Stephen (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) has been broadly used in various fields to
model spatially non-stationary relationships. Classic GWR is considered as a single-scale model that is based on one bandwidth parameter which controls the amount of distance-decay in weighting neighboring data around each location. The single bandwidth in GWR assumes that processes (relationships between the response variable and the predictor variables) all operate at the same scale. However, this posits a limitation in modeling potentially multi-scale processes which are more often seen in the real world. For example, the measured ambient temperature of a location is affected by the built environment, regional weather and global warming, all of which operate at different scales. A recent advancement to GWR termed Multiscale GWR (MGWR) removes the single bandwidth assumption and allows the bandwidths for each covariate to vary. This results in each parameter surface being allowed to have a different degree of spatial variation, reflecting variation across covariate-specific processes. In this way, MGWR has the capability to differentiate local, regional and global processes by using varying bandwidths for covariates. Additionally, bandwidths in MGWR become explicit indicators of the scale at various processes operate. The proposed dissertation covers three perspectives centering on MGWR: Computation; Inference; and Application. The first component focuses on addressing computational issues in MGWR to allow MGWR models to be calibrated more efficiently and to be applied on large datasets. The second component aims to statistically differentiate the spatial scales at which different processes operate by quantifying the uncertainty associated with each bandwidth obtained from MGWR. In the third component, an empirical study will be conducted to model the changing relationships between county-level socio-economic factors and voter preferences in the 2008-2016 United States presidential elections using MGWR.
model spatially non-stationary relationships. Classic GWR is considered as a single-scale model that is based on one bandwidth parameter which controls the amount of distance-decay in weighting neighboring data around each location. The single bandwidth in GWR assumes that processes (relationships between the response variable and the predictor variables) all operate at the same scale. However, this posits a limitation in modeling potentially multi-scale processes which are more often seen in the real world. For example, the measured ambient temperature of a location is affected by the built environment, regional weather and global warming, all of which operate at different scales. A recent advancement to GWR termed Multiscale GWR (MGWR) removes the single bandwidth assumption and allows the bandwidths for each covariate to vary. This results in each parameter surface being allowed to have a different degree of spatial variation, reflecting variation across covariate-specific processes. In this way, MGWR has the capability to differentiate local, regional and global processes by using varying bandwidths for covariates. Additionally, bandwidths in MGWR become explicit indicators of the scale at various processes operate. The proposed dissertation covers three perspectives centering on MGWR: Computation; Inference; and Application. The first component focuses on addressing computational issues in MGWR to allow MGWR models to be calibrated more efficiently and to be applied on large datasets. The second component aims to statistically differentiate the spatial scales at which different processes operate by quantifying the uncertainty associated with each bandwidth obtained from MGWR. In the third component, an empirical study will be conducted to model the changing relationships between county-level socio-economic factors and voter preferences in the 2008-2016 United States presidential elections using MGWR.
ContributorsLi, Ziqi (Author) / Fotheringham, A. Stewart (Thesis advisor) / Goodchild, Michael F. (Committee member) / Li, Wenwen (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
Fiber reinforced composites are rapidly replacing conventional metallic or polymeric materials as materials of choice in a myriad of applications across a wide range of industries. The relatively low weight, high strength, high stiffness, and a variety of thermal and mechanical environmental and loading capabilities are in part what make composite materials so appealing to material experts and design engineers. Additionally, fiber reinforced composites are highly tailorable and customized composite materials and structures can be readily designed for specific applications including those requiring particular directional material properties, fatigue resistance, damage tolerance, high temperature capabilities, or resistance to environmental degradation due to humidity and oxidation. The desirable properties of fiber reinforced composites arise from the strategic combination of multiple constituents to form a new composite material. However, the significant material anisotropy that occurs as a result of combining multiple constituents, each with different directional thermal and mechanical properties, complicates material analysis and remains a major impediment to fully understanding composite deformation and damage behavior. As a result, composite materials, especially specialized composites such as ceramic matrix composites and various multifunctional composites, are not utilized to their fullest potential. In the research presented in this dissertation, the deformation and damage behavior of several fiber reinforced composite systems were investigated. The damage accumulation and propagation behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites under complex in-phase biaxial fatigue loading conditions was investigated and the early stage damage and microscale damage were correlated to the eventual fatigue failure behavior and macroscale damage mechanisms. The temperature-dependent deformation and damage response of woven ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) reinforced with carbon and silicon carbide fibers was also studied. A fracture mechanics-informed continuum damage model was developed to capture the brittle damage behavior of the ceramic matrix. A multiscale thermomechanical simulation framework, consisting of cooldown simulations to capture a realistic material initial state and subsequent mechanical loading simulations to capture the temperature-dependent nonlinear stress-strain behavior, was also developed. The methodologies and results presented in this research represent substantial progress toward increasing understanding of the deformation and damage behavior of some key fiber reinforced composite materials.
ContributorsSkinner, Travis Dale (Author) / Chattopadhyay, Aditi (Thesis advisor) / Hall, Asha (Committee member) / Liu, Yongming (Committee member) / Jiao, Yang (Committee member) / Yekani-Fard, Masoud (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021