Matching Items (121)
Description
The relation of stigma to help-seeking attitudes and intentions and how these relations differed across cultures for American students, East Asian, and South Asian international students, were the focus of this study. Previous researchers had found that not seeking professional psychological help when needed was prevalent for both American and international students. Stigma has been found to be a salient factor in influencing attitudes of individuals and may prevent individuals from getting the help they need. Both public and self-stigma were utilized to predict attitudes and intentions to seek psychological help in a sample of 806 students. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted to assess the relationships in how self-stigma, public stigma, attitudes toward counseling and intentions to seek counseling will interplay for American, East Asian and South Asian international students, further expanding on previous help-seeking model (Vogel et al., 2007). Results indicated differences in factor structure of scales for the groups, and new factors were identified. With the new factors derived, different models of help-seeking intentions were established for each group, and distinct relations among the factors were explained. Furthermore, implications for future studies and clinical relevance were highlighted.
ContributorsChong, Shiqin Stephanie (Author) / Tracey, Terence J. (Thesis advisor) / Tran, Giac-Thao T (Committee member) / Kurpius, Sharon E (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2015
Description
Every year an alarming number of deaths for the Black community are a result of disparities and inequalities in health outcomes. While literature has largely focused on social determinants of heath (e.g., economic, environmental, biological, and behavioral structures) as contributing factors to disparate health outcomes for Black people, literature on medical mistrust has been on the rise. Medical mistrust is defined as the belief that health care entities and providers act against a patient's best interest and well-being, and is associated with lower rates of service utilization, inadequate management of health conditions, lower levels of involvement in research, and treatment nonadherence. Only recently has patient-centered care been examined as a construct that may reduce the negative effects of medical mistrust. This study examined Black identifying patients (N = 174) across gender and their reported levels of medical mistrust, and if the perception of a patient-centered health care environment would moderate the association. The findings indicated that Black females, compared to Black males, endorsed higher levels of medical mistrust that may be indicative of intersectional influences. While there were significant effects of gender and perceived patient-centered care on medical mistrust, perceived patient-centered care was not found to significantly moderate the relationship between gender identity and medical mistrust. This may be indicative of the varying degrees of medical maladies that may be stronger determinants of perceived patient-centered care, despite gender or other demographic characteristics. Implications for practice and future research on the intersectional influences on medical mistrust and perceived patient-centered care in the Black communities are discussed.
ContributorsMatthews, Tianna (Author) / Warner, Cheryl (Thesis advisor) / Randall, Ashley K (Committee member) / Dillon, Frank (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
White women are and have historically been an integral part of White supremacy. Yet their role in the movement remains understudied, especially as it pertains to deradicalization. As such, in the current investigation I focused on women’s roles and experiences in White supremacist deradicalization. My dissertation comprised two studies: Study One, which explored the experiences of women who left White supremacist groups and became anti-hate activists, and Study Two, which sought to understand the experiences of women who facilitated the disengagement and deradicalization of White supremacists. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as a methodological framework, I identified significant themes from the experiences of women who left their hate groups and became anti-hate activists, as well as from the experiences of women who facilitated hate group exit. I found that for women who left their hate groups and became anti-hate activists, hate group exit was a gendered experience, psychological transformations were common, and loving and supportive connections facilitated the exit process. For women who facilitated hate group exit, they identified love and compassion as driving forces while also feeling emotionally burdened due to lack of external support. These findings can help guide the development of preventative and rehabilitative interventions as well as further integrate women into White supremacist prevention and deradicalization interventionist roles.
ContributorsLiguori, Jackson Beach (Author) / Spanierman, Lisa B. (Thesis advisor) / Capielo Rosario, Cristalís (Committee member) / Warner, Cheryl B. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024
Description
Amid the COVID-19 outbreak that were heightened in the United States between 2020 and 2021, reports of racial discrimination increased compared to year’s past for those who identify as Black, Indigenous, or Person of Color (BIPOC). Experiences of racial discrimination are stressful, and individuals in a romantic relationship may turn to their partner to receive support. However, in the context of interracial romantic relationships where one partner identifies as White, experiences of racial discrimination may be sometimes dismissed or minimized from the White partner, which may further the distress of their BIPOC partner. Nevertheless, supportive behaviors, such as empathy, may alleviate distress and validate one’s experience of racial discrimination. Relational savoring is an online intervention that has been theorized to increase empathy and perspective taking by focusing on positive relational memories associated with one’s partner, grounded in attachment theory. The purpose of this study was to examine whether relational savoring was effective in increasing empathy and perspective taking in a sample of White identified individuals who are in a romantic relationship with a BIPOC partner. This study collected data from 111 White identified individuals in an interracial romantic relationship with a BIPOC partner for an average of 8.9 years. It was hypothesized that White identified individuals who participated in a relational savoring task would report increased empathy and perspective taking when their partner experiences a racially discriminatory event via a vignette, compared to those in the control condition. Contrary to the study’s hypothesis, participation in the relational savoring task did not statistically change White participant’ ability to perspective take and report empathic concern when faced with their partner experiencing acts of racial microaggression. Results did, however, show that relational savoring, compared with a control condition, is effective in decreasing negative emotion after exposure to a vignette that depicts a racial microaggression.
ContributorsBorders, Jessica Ilana (Author) / Randall, Ashley K (Thesis advisor) / Bludworth, James (Committee member) / Dillon, Frank (Committee member) / Miramontes, Lilia (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
Applying interdependence and critical consciousness theories, this study adopted a two-phase sequential explanatory mixed-methods design with dyadic data to examine three overarching research questions on Asian-White interracial heterosexual couples’ well-being, in particular, psychological distress and relationship satisfaction. First, as part of Phase 1, this study examined actor and partner associations between perceived blatant or subtle racism against the Asian partner and well-being. Second, whether critical consciousness moderated the associations between perceived racism and well-being was examined. Third, as part of Phase 2, this study engaged participants to interpret how critical consciousness may have shaped their own and their partner’s well-being in the face of racism.
In Phase 1, 191 self-identified Asian-White interracial heterosexual couples (N = 382 individuals) completed an online survey. In Phase 2, a subsample of eight couples (n = 16 individuals) purposefully selected from Phase 1 completed semi-structured individual interviews (Mlength = 79 minutes). Results from Actor-Partner Interdependence Models revealed positive actor associations between perceived blatant and subtle racism with psychological distress for both Asian and White partners, and a negative actor association between perceived subtle racism and relationship satisfaction for White partners. Asian partners’ higher critical consciousness placed them at risk for greater psychological distress and lower relationship satisfaction if they perceived more frequent blatant racism; however, White partner’s critical consciousness mitigated the positive associations between Asian partners’ perceived blatant or subtle racism and psychological distress. Thematic analysis for multiple perspective interviews from Phase 2 highlighted that both Asian and White partners perceived racism as intersectional and manifesting at interpersonal, relational, and systemic levels. Participants highlighted the eroding effects of subtle racism in comparison to blatant racism and how higher critical consciousness facilitated White partners to empathize with and support Asian partners to cope with the negative impact of racism.
This study offers an empirical understanding of Asian-White interracial heterosexual couples’ well-being in a relationship context. Counseling psychologists and other mental health professionals working with couples can draw from this study’s implications to promote critical consciousness in White partners and enhance communication on racism-related topics to promote both Asian and White partners’ well-being.
In Phase 1, 191 self-identified Asian-White interracial heterosexual couples (N = 382 individuals) completed an online survey. In Phase 2, a subsample of eight couples (n = 16 individuals) purposefully selected from Phase 1 completed semi-structured individual interviews (Mlength = 79 minutes). Results from Actor-Partner Interdependence Models revealed positive actor associations between perceived blatant and subtle racism with psychological distress for both Asian and White partners, and a negative actor association between perceived subtle racism and relationship satisfaction for White partners. Asian partners’ higher critical consciousness placed them at risk for greater psychological distress and lower relationship satisfaction if they perceived more frequent blatant racism; however, White partner’s critical consciousness mitigated the positive associations between Asian partners’ perceived blatant or subtle racism and psychological distress. Thematic analysis for multiple perspective interviews from Phase 2 highlighted that both Asian and White partners perceived racism as intersectional and manifesting at interpersonal, relational, and systemic levels. Participants highlighted the eroding effects of subtle racism in comparison to blatant racism and how higher critical consciousness facilitated White partners to empathize with and support Asian partners to cope with the negative impact of racism.
This study offers an empirical understanding of Asian-White interracial heterosexual couples’ well-being in a relationship context. Counseling psychologists and other mental health professionals working with couples can draw from this study’s implications to promote critical consciousness in White partners and enhance communication on racism-related topics to promote both Asian and White partners’ well-being.
ContributorsTao, Chun (Author) / Randall, Ashley K. (Thesis advisor) / Tracey, Terence JG (Committee member) / Yoo, Hyung Chol (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
Given the severity of risks that accompany the current COVID-19 pandemic, many are experiencing negative psychological effects, such as increased symptoms of depression and anxiety (i.e., mental health distress). As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impress upon society, it is pertinent to assess the ways in which COVID-19 may be impacting first responders; many of which who are responsible for tending to the safety and wellbeing of communities during this time. However, little is known about how medical first responders may be experiencing COVID-19 related stress, whether this impacts their experience with symptoms of mental health distress, and furthermore whether this stress is different for those in different countries. As such, the present study sought to assess the association between COVID-19 related stress and symptoms of mental health distress in medical first responders for those living in Australia and the United States. Further, given the positive effects romantic relationships have on an individual’s interpersonal functioning, the potential moderating effect of perceived relationship commitment was examined. A total number of 79 participants completed the study. Contrary to hypotheses, results showed that there was no significant association between COVID-19 related stress and symptoms of distress, nor was relationship commitment found to moderate symptoms of distress. Implications of this study have the potential to guide mental health professionals working with medical first responders who are experiencing symptoms of distress, particularly in times of crises similar to that of COVID-19.
ContributorsEvers, Jessie Marie (Author) / Randall, Ashley K. (Thesis advisor) / Pereira, Jennifer (Committee member) / Warner, Cheryl (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
Teachers represent important agents of gender socialization in schools and play a critical role in the lived experiences of transgender students. What remains less clear, however, is whether the gender of the teacher impacts their response to transgender bullying and specifically how threats to gender identity might influence men who teach to respond negatively. The current study used a 2 (gender) x 3 (gender identity threat, no gender identity threat, and control) experimental design to assess whether the masculine overcompensation theory helps explain how men who teach respond to transgender victimization experiences. It was hypothesized that men in the gender identity threat condition would endorse more anti-trans attitudes (e.g., higher transphobic attitudes, lower allophilia [feelings of liking] toward transgender individuals, more traditional gender roles, less supportive responses to a vignette about transgender bullying, less support for school practices that support transgender students, and less likelihood of signing a petition supporting transgender youth rights) compared to the other conditions. It was also expected that they would endorse more negative affect but higher feelings of self-assurance. Women in the study served as a comparison group as no overcompensation effect is expected for them. Participants (N = 301) were nationally recruited through word of mouth, social media, and personal networks. Results from the current study did not support the theory of masculine overcompensation as there was no effect of threatening feedback. There were a number of significant gender differences. Men reported lower transgender allophilia, higher transphobia, more traditional gender role beliefs, less likelihood of signing the petition supporting transgender youth rights, and more self-assurance than women. No gender effect was found for negative affect or support for school practices supporting transgender students. There were also no observable differences in participant responses to the vignette by gender or condition. The implications and limitations of the current study were discussed.
ContributorsMintert, Jeffrey (Author) / Tran, Alisia (Thesis advisor) / Bernstein, Bianca (Committee member) / Carlson, David (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
Research indicates that mental health issues are highly prevalent among college students (e.g., American College Health Association, 2018) and that first-generation students could be a higher risk of experiencing psychological distress compared to continuing-generation college students (House et al., 2019). Research also documents approximately two thirds of psychologically distressed college students do not seek help or mental health services (Hunt & Eisenberg, 2010). The purpose of the study was to contribute to the line of research on help seeking attitude and intention among college students by (1) examining potential group differences in the relationships between self-stigma, experiential avoidance, and help seeking attitude between first-generation college students and continuing-generation college students and (2) proposing the integrative model including variables from the moderated mediation model proposed by Brenner et al. (2019) and the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980). The final sample for the study consisted of 295 college students (Mage = 22.95, SDage = 5.94). Of the final sample consisting of 295 participants, 174 (59%) students identified themselves as continuing-generation college students whereas 121 (41%) students identified as first-generation college students. The data were collected via an online survey and were analyzed through descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The results did not support the proposed differences between first-generation college students and continuing-generation college students in the moderated mediation model of help seeking. The inconsistent results between the present study and previous research may be attributable to sample size, diversity factors of samples, and/or timing of data collection. The results rendered some support for adding self-stigma as a modifying variable to the theory of planned behavior. The implications of the results in relation to research and practice are discussed.
ContributorsAoyagi, Keiko (Author) / Bludworth, James (Thesis advisor) / Dillon, Frank R. (Thesis advisor) / Tran, Alicia (Giac-Thao) (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
A high percentage of Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHPI) adults (37.4%) aged 18 and older did not see a doctor in the past year. This is the highest percentage among all racial groups. Furthermore, approximately one in eight NHPI adults (12%) are uninsured, a rate that is markedly higher than Whites. Federal reports historically struggle to capture data that could explain these phenomena. Hence, NHPI are insufficiently and incompletely represented in health statistics, access health services at lower rates, and are insured at lower rates than other racial and ethnic minority groups. This has implications for perpetuating adverse mental health conditions and mental health disparities that are prevalent in this community (e.g., depression, anxiety, alcohol use disorder, and tobacco use), particularly following the global COVID-19 pandemic. The overarching goal of this research is to improve and broaden understanding of novel multi-level health determinants causing low mental health care service utilization rates of NHPIs, a presently understudied health disparity for Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Design: A closed access, cross-sectional Internet survey was used to collect data. Participants were recruited with announcements distributed nationwide via email to NHPI organizations, associations, and networks across the United States and social media. The sample included 395 NHPI adults aged 18 and older. Analysis: Latent profile analysis (LPA) were conducted using Mplus 8 statistical software to examine whether different conceptually meaningful profiles of NHPI Islanders emerge based on hypothesized health determinants measuring Symptom Distress (Perceived Health Status, Depression/Anxiety, and Perceived Stress), Protective Factors (Pacific Cultural Efficacy, Religious Centrality and Embeddedness, Pacific Connectedness and Belonging, and Perceived Societal Wellbeing) and Health Attitudes (Medical Mistrust and Service Provider Preferences [i.e., Traditional/Native Healer vs Medical Doctor/Nurse]) while accounting for demographic covariates (e.g., education, income, and insurance status). Results supported a four-profile model solution, where four distinct groups (named “Very Low Symptomatic,” “Low Symptomatic,” “Moderate Symptomatic,” and “High Symptomatic”) of participants demonstrated varying levels of symptom distress, endorsement of protective factors, and health attitudes. Furthermore, planned mental health care utilization was analyzed as an outcome variable, demonstrating varying levels of planned mental health service utilization across the four profiles. Significance: Findings may inform public policy and healthcare professionals about how to meaningfully engage NHPI communities in culturally competent mental health care services.
ContributorsMarsiglia, Steven Sasa (Author) / Dillon, Frank R (Thesis advisor) / Yellow Horse, Aggie J (Committee member) / Truong, Nancy N (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024
Description
Despite the growing nonbinary population and their unique experiences, nonbinary people of color specific research remains scarce as most studies were done with predominantly white samples and failed to disaggregate transgender men and transgender women from nonbinary people. While parental acceptance and support (PAS) serve as protective factors for distal and proximal stressors-induced negative mental health outcomes among TNB youth, more research is needed to examine whether PAS play a role in nonbinary young adults of color’s mental health. Additionally, PAS may lead nonbinary young adults to internalize negative messages toward their gender identity, impacting mental health. This study aimed to examine whether PAS received by nonbinary young adults of color vary by race, whether PAS are associated with depression and suicidality, and whether these associations are mediated by internalized nonbinary negativity (INN) among nonbinary adults of color. Cross-sectional data from 174 nonbinary young adults of color were analyzed. Only parental support (PS) but not parental acceptance (PA) differed across racial groups. PAS were found to be negatively associated with depression and suicidality, but INN did not mediate the association between PS and negative mental health outcomes. Findings of this study reiterate the mental health disparities seen within the nonbinary community and serve as a call for attention to the effects of PAS in the lives of nonbinary young adults of color. Future research should inquire about the cultural values that influence PAS, ways to cultivate PAS among parents using existing cultural strengths, and the benefits of helping nonbinary young adults of color to maintain integral social support from parents.
ContributorsWong, Finneas (Author) / Matsuno, Em (Thesis advisor) / Ahn, Lydia (Committee member) / Randall, Ashley (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024