Matching Items (12)
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- All Subjects: Counseling psychology
- Creators: Dillon, Frank
Description
ABSTRACT Perfectionism has been conceptualized as a relatively stable, independent, multidimensional personality construct in research during the last two decades. Despite general agreement that perfectionism is dimensional in nature, analyses using these instruments vacillate between a dimensional approach and a categorical approach (Broman-Fulks, Hill, & Green, 2008; Stoeber & Otto, 2006). The goal of the current study was two-fold. One aim was to examine the structural nature of two commonly used measures of perfectionism, the APS-R and the HFMPS. Latent class and factor analyses were conducted to determine the dimensions and categories that underlie the items of these two instruments. A second aim was to determine whether perfectionism classes or perfectionism factors better predicted 4 criterion variables of career indecision. Results lent evidence to the claim that both the APS-R and HFMPS are best used as dimensional, rather than categorical instruments. From a substantive perspective, results indicated that both positive and negative aspects of perfectionism successfully predicted career indecision factors. The study concludes with a discussion of limitations, and implications for future research and counseling individuals with career indecision concerns.
ContributorsRohlfing, Jessica Elizabeth (Author) / Tracey, Terence J. G. (Thesis advisor) / Green, Samuel (Committee member) / Kinnier, Richard T. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
As recent government administrations prioritized the criminalization and deportation of immigrants, Latinx are in danger of being targeted by police. Thus, it is important to investigate and assess Latinx views of the police in the US in order to create safe communities and reduce crime. To date, no instrument has captured Latinx perceptions of police beyond the frequency of past experience and global perception of the treatment of the general public. Therefore, creating a psychometrically supported measure that captures the unique perceptions of police among the Latinx population is necessary. The current study aims to psychometrically validate the Latinx Perceptions of Police Scale (LPOPS) (e.g., evidence of validity and reliability via confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, convergent and concurrent validity, mean differences among groups, and measurement invariance testing). The study’s final analytic sample included 248 individuals self-identified as Latinx using an online survey. Results from the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor model of the LPOPS with a Cronbach’s alpha above 0.85. The LPOPS contains 19 items and three subscales: Police Views of Latinx, Anxiety of Interacting with Police Officers, and Fear of Police Abuse. Results from the Pearson bivariate analysis provided evidence of convergent validity as there were associations between the LPOPS subscales, past measures of view of police (e.g., Perception of Police Scale, Police and Law Enforcement Scale), and other psychological constructs (e.g., anxiety, depression, stress, discrimination). Further, results of the multi-group confirmatory analysis indicated that the LPOPS could be used among (race; skin-tone). Lastly, participants who reported darker skin tones reported higher mean scores on the Anxiety of Interacting with Police Officers and Fear of Police Abuse subscales. By further validating a scale that captures perceptions of police among Latinx in a quantitative way, researchers can begin exploring its association with various mental health outcomes.
ContributorsAltamirano, Elizabeth (Author) / Dillon, Frank (Thesis advisor) / Capielo, Cristalis (Committee member) / Vargas, Edward D. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Amid the COVID-19 outbreak that were heightened in the United States between 2020 and 2021, reports of racial discrimination increased compared to year’s past for those who identify as Black, Indigenous, or Person of Color (BIPOC). Experiences of racial discrimination are stressful, and individuals in a romantic relationship may turn to their partner to receive support. However, in the context of interracial romantic relationships where one partner identifies as White, experiences of racial discrimination may be sometimes dismissed or minimized from the White partner, which may further the distress of their BIPOC partner. Nevertheless, supportive behaviors, such as empathy, may alleviate distress and validate one’s experience of racial discrimination. Relational savoring is an online intervention that has been theorized to increase empathy and perspective taking by focusing on positive relational memories associated with one’s partner, grounded in attachment theory. The purpose of this study was to examine whether relational savoring was effective in increasing empathy and perspective taking in a sample of White identified individuals who are in a romantic relationship with a BIPOC partner. This study collected data from 111 White identified individuals in an interracial romantic relationship with a BIPOC partner for an average of 8.9 years. It was hypothesized that White identified individuals who participated in a relational savoring task would report increased empathy and perspective taking when their partner experiences a racially discriminatory event via a vignette, compared to those in the control condition. Contrary to the study’s hypothesis, participation in the relational savoring task did not statistically change White participant’ ability to perspective take and report empathic concern when faced with their partner experiencing acts of racial microaggression. Results did, however, show that relational savoring, compared with a control condition, is effective in decreasing negative emotion after exposure to a vignette that depicts a racial microaggression.
ContributorsBorders, Jessica Ilana (Author) / Randall, Ashley K (Thesis advisor) / Bludworth, James (Committee member) / Dillon, Frank (Committee member) / Miramontes, Lilia (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
Operating within the framework of a public health model that emphasizes the prevention of health concerns through the identification of risk and protective factors, this study approaches the health disparities Latinxs face from a strength-based stance through the promotion of sport and exercise participation. The purpose of this study is to understand the factors that promote sport and exercise participation within a Latinx college student sample using cross-sectional data from the Healthy Minds Study (HMS) from cohort years 2016 through 2020. It was hypothesized that psychosocial-cultural predictors (i.e., sense of belonging, discrimination, depression, anxiety, and positive mental health) would predict Latinx college students’ participation in (1) sports and (2) exercise while accounting for established factors such as demographic (gender, financial hardship, US-born status) and academic (i.e., GPA, academic persistence) variables. Further, the study incorporated an exploratory approach to further examine gender-based differences in (1) sport and (2) exercise participation rates among the aforementioned study variables. Preliminary analyses using chi-squared analyses, point bi-serial correlations, and group differences using t-tests were conducted. The main analyses conducted using logistic regression indicated that psychosocial cultural variables predict (1) sport and (2) exercise participation while accounting for demographic and academic variables. However, the classification accuracy for sport participation with the addition of psychosocial-cultural variables was not compelling so individual predictors were not analyzed. For exercise participation, gender, financial hardship, sense of belonging, discrimination and positive mental health were the only individual, significant factors. Further, in terms of gender differences, it appears that financial hardship, GPA, and discrimination uniquely affect Latinx women. Implications for academic institutions, coaches/fitness instructors, and clinicians are further discussed.
ContributorsSandoval Martinez, Alejandra (Author) / Tran, Alisia (Giac-Thao) (Thesis advisor) / Dillon, Frank (Committee member) / Lopez, Vera (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
Every year an alarming number of deaths for the Black community are a result of disparities and inequalities in health outcomes. While literature has largely focused on social determinants of heath (e.g., economic, environmental, biological, and behavioral structures) as contributing factors to disparate health outcomes for Black people, literature on medical mistrust has been on the rise. Medical mistrust is defined as the belief that health care entities and providers act against a patient's best interest and well-being, and is associated with lower rates of service utilization, inadequate management of health conditions, lower levels of involvement in research, and treatment nonadherence. Only recently has patient-centered care been examined as a construct that may reduce the negative effects of medical mistrust. This study examined Black identifying patients (N = 174) across gender and their reported levels of medical mistrust, and if the perception of a patient-centered health care environment would moderate the association. The findings indicated that Black females, compared to Black males, endorsed higher levels of medical mistrust that may be indicative of intersectional influences. While there were significant effects of gender and perceived patient-centered care on medical mistrust, perceived patient-centered care was not found to significantly moderate the relationship between gender identity and medical mistrust. This may be indicative of the varying degrees of medical maladies that may be stronger determinants of perceived patient-centered care, despite gender or other demographic characteristics. Implications for practice and future research on the intersectional influences on medical mistrust and perceived patient-centered care in the Black communities are discussed.
ContributorsMatthews, Tianna (Author) / Warner, Cheryl (Thesis advisor) / Randall, Ashley K (Committee member) / Dillon, Frank (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
The Latinx population in the United States is projected to increase exponentially in upcoming years. Latina women in particular are put at disproportionate risk of experiencing psychological distress after immigrating to the US. Separation from family upon immigration introduces more difficulty to the immigration experience. Yet protective factors such as family cohesion may buffer potential psychological distress. The present study will examine the two following research questions. First, is there a difference in psychological distress experienced by Latina young women who report separating from their family in comparison to those who did not experience familial separation at immigration. Second, does a potentially deleterious effect of immigration on familial attachment underlie or mediate the hypothesized positive association between separation at immigration and psychological distress. Participants were Latina young women who ranged from 18-23 years-old, were unmarried, and had to have resided in the US for 36 months or less. I used structural path analysis to examine hypothesized associations among separation status, attachment to family, and psychological distress. Findings aim to inform mental health interventions for Latina young adults who immigrate to the US without family.
ContributorsRomero, Abigail (Author) / Dillon, Frank (Thesis advisor) / Pereira, Jennifer (Committee member) / Buckman, Lindsey (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic during the spring of 2020 necessitated a sudden and national transition from in-person to telehealth mental health services. Burgeoning literature has supported the use of telehealth services generally, though there is little research related to its use among graduate-level trainees. The present study utilized data collected from a university counseling training center to compare client outcomes, namely ratings of depression and anxiety, between in-person (pre-pandemic; n = 86) and telehealth (intra-pandemic; n = 102) groups. Additionally, I examined treatment format (in-person vs. telehealth) as moderator of the association between client-reported working alliance and client-reported outcomes. Results showed a significant and negative effect of the working alliance on symptoms of depression and anxiety regardless treatment format. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
ContributorsGerton, Jessica M (Author) / Spanierman, Lisa (Thesis advisor) / Bludworth, James (Thesis advisor) / Dillon, Frank (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Research examining the psychosocial correlates of mental and behavioral health among Latinx populations during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited. This is problematic given that Latinx communities in the U.S. find themselves at the intersection of worse COVID-19-related mortality, mental health distress, and health outcomes. These COVID-19 related disparities came at a time when U.S. Latinxs were already experiencing a disproportionate burden of mental health and substance use disease. Health disparities research has largely focused on Latinxs as a monolithic group, yet in doing so, the intersectionality of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status on health are overlooked. It is critical to understand the mental health needs of Latinxs in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as the challenges and potential barriers to services experienced by these communities to better meet their unique needs. Therefore, Study 1 aimed to investigate differences on pandemic-related stressors along economic, emotional, and physical domains, psychological distress, and substance use, based on Latinx ethnicity. The second aim of Study 1 was to identify the most significant pandemic-related stressors and challenges faced by specific Latinx subgroups. Study 2 built off of the results from Study 1. Specifically, Study 2 investigated the association between pandemic-related economic, emotional, and physical stressors examined in Study 1 to various health and mental health outcomes including, psychological distress, alcohol use, and drug use, reported during the pandemic by different Latinx ethnic groups.
ContributorsFlorez, Jennifer Elizabeth (Author) / Capielo-Rosario, Cristalís (Thesis advisor) / Dillon, Frank (Committee member) / Truong, Nancy (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024
Description
Individuals are attracted to occupational environments that align with their interests and personality characteristics (Holland, 1985, 1997). When an individual's attributes (i.e., needs, abilities, values and/or interests) align with the occupational environment's characteristics an individual is more satisfied. Past research suggests this relation is modest at best, hovering between .20 and .30 (Meyer et al., 2001, c.f. Wilkins & Tracey, 2014), with slightly higher estimates (ranging from .24 to .35) depending on how the variables of person and environment were measured (Kristof-Brown, Zimmerman, & Johnson, 2005). Several factors contribute to such low estimates, most notably the role of moderator variables in suppressing or exacerbating the true magnitude of this relation. A moderator that has yet to be explored is that of nonwork role priority, or the degree to which an individual's work identity is valued relative to other role identities. In the current study, three hypotheses were posited to investigate nonwork role priorities as a potential moderator to the congruence-satisfaction relation. Latent class analysis was used to apply a person-centered approach to understanding response patterns and differences in these roles. The sample was differentiated best by a two-class solution and the class variable in all three hierarchical regression models explained about five percent of the variance in job satisfaction, which suggests that work and nonwork role priority are meaningful to understanding individual career happiness. Class was not identified as a significant moderator to the congruence-satisfaction relation. Discussion of limitations to the current study and recommendations for future work in this area are presented.
ContributorsKube, Erin (Author) / Tracey, Terence J. (Thesis advisor) / Green, Samuel (Committee member) / Thompson, Marilyn (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2016
Description
Despite the growing numbers of foreign-born Latina young adult immigrants in the United States, this population is underrepresented in psychological science. Building upon previous literature, this study examines the moderating effect of acculturation and enculturation on the relationship between depression and alcohol use quantity and frequency among 530 young Latina women (ages 18-23 years) who recently immigrated to the United States (i.e., approximately 12 months prior to assessment). Acculturation (i.e., the process of immersion into
another culture) lessened the positive link between depression and alcohol use quantity and frequency. Those with higher levels of acculturation reported less symptoms of depression and alcohol use. Enculturation (i.e., the process of immersion to one’s own ethnic culture) increased the positive link between depression and alcohol quantity and frequency. Implications for culturally competent counseling for this underserved and understudied population are discussed.
another culture) lessened the positive link between depression and alcohol use quantity and frequency. Those with higher levels of acculturation reported less symptoms of depression and alcohol use. Enculturation (i.e., the process of immersion to one’s own ethnic culture) increased the positive link between depression and alcohol quantity and frequency. Implications for culturally competent counseling for this underserved and understudied population are discussed.
ContributorsWinn, Larren (Author) / Dillon, Frank (Thesis advisor) / Pereira, Jennifer (Committee member) / Capielo-Rosario, Cristalís (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020