Matching Items (4)
Description
Effortful Control (EC) is a person's ability to self-regulate when presented with an environmental stimulus (Rothbart, et al., 2003). It has been well-established that high levels of EC are associated with multiple positive social and academic outcomes in adolescence (Spinrad et al., 2009). Research suggests that parents have a strong impact on numerous child outcomes, such as EC, through both genetic and environmental pathways. Past research has also examined how parents diagnosed with psychopathology contribute to maladaptive outcomes in their children, including poor regulation, through both genetic and environmental processes (Ellis, et al., 1997). However, less is known about the longitudinal effects of parent dysfunction on the child's environment and regulatory abilities and potential mediators of those effects. The current study tested the hypotheses that parent Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) would specifically predict early adversity, biological mother conscientiousness, and child EC longitudinally and that early adversity and biological mother conscientiousness would predict child EC. Participants were from a longitudinal study of familial alcoholism (N = 195). Regression analyses indicated that parent AUD was not specifically associated with child EC or with biological mother conscientiousness. However, parent AUD was related to higher levels of early adversity. Additionally, biological mother conscientiousness was associated with higher levels of child EC and early adversity was associated with lower levels of child EC when controlling for earlier EC. Given these findings, future research should test mediation models in which parent AUD predicts child EC indirectly through early adversity.
ContributorsRuof, Ariana Kelsey (Author) / Chassin, Laurie (Thesis director) / Elam, Kit (Committee member) / Davis, Mary (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2017-12
Description
Social stress during adolescence has been linked to increased ethanol intake in adulthood. It is unknown if social stress during adolescence also causes changes in the patterns of drinking, such as drinking in bouts instead of spreading out each drink. Animal models of social stress utilize mice and social isolation. Half of the mice used in this experiment were isolated for their adolescent period, whereas the other half were housed in groups. In Phase 1, mice completed a two-bottle choice Drinking in the Dark (DID) procedure in order to model binge drinking and measure ethanol intake. In Phase 2, mice completed a free choice behavioral task, choosing between milk alone and milk mixed with ethanol. Phase 1 showed increased ethanol intake in females and in mice that were isolated. Within this phase, there was also a sex x treatment interaction, with isolated males drinking significantly more alcohol than social males. Phase 2 also showed that females drink more ethanol than males but showed no difference in their pattern of drinking. In addition, there was a sex x treatment x reinforcer interaction, demonstrating that isolated females drank significantly more vehicle than any other group. These results reaffirm that adolescent social stress is linked to increased ethanol intake, yet may not change the pattern of drinking. This suggests that the effects of social isolation during adolescence on patterns of drinking should be investigated further.
ContributorsMcLaughlin, Thorunn (Author) / Sanabria, Federico (Thesis director) / Santos, Cristina (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2022-12
Description
Alcohol use disorder is a major problem worldwide and can result in a number of significant physical, social and economic consequences. Specifically when comparing the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in the United States and Spain, it is much higher in the United States, at 13.9% compared with 1.5% in Spain. While there are a number of factors that contribute to a person’s risk, this thesis focuses on possible cultural explanations for these differences. After analyzing current literature surrounding alcohol trends and differing cultures in the US and Spain, the differences could be attributable to the dry drinking culture in the US, and the culture surrounding university - living and college towns in the US. The findings of this study suggest that culture, norms and attitudes surrounding drinking have a large impact on alcohol use disorder, and the US could benefit from implementing strategies to change these norms and attitudes surrounding alcohol, as well as train healthcare providers to have effective, brief counseling conversations.
ContributorsBailey, Kayla (Author) / Taylor, Teri (Thesis director) / Gaughan, Monica (Committee member) / Cotner, Kali (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Watts College of Public Service & Community Solut (Contributor)
Created2023-05
Description
In 2019, 20.4 million people in the United States were diagnosed with SUDs, and only 10.3 percent of those diagnosed received SUD treatment [1]. Addiction Consult Services in the inpatient setting provide an opportunity for diagnosis and treatment. An ACS is a multidisciplinary team which offers specialized care for those with SUDs, often including initiation of medication treatment, linkage to outpatient clinics and resources, and patient counseling [2]. We sought to conduct a systematic review and partial meta-analysis on the impact of Addiction Medicine Consult services in the inpatient setting on patients with SUDs.
ContributorsAbraham, Tina (Author) / Meier, Madeline (Thesis director) / Kirchoff, Robert (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2024-05