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- Creators: Bartlett, Zane N.
In a series of experiments during mid 1930s, a team of researchers in New York helped establish that bacteria of the species Toxoplasma gondii can infect humans, and in infants can cause toxoplasmosis, a disease that inflames brains, lungs, and hearts, and that can organisms that have it. The team included Abner Wolf, David Cowen, and Beryl Paige. They published the results of their experiment in Human Toxoplasmosis: Occurrence in Infants as an Encephalomyelitis Verification of Transmission to Animals. Toxoplasmosis is an infection that causes inflammations in the brain (encephalitis), heart (myocarditis), and lungs (pneumonitis). The disease is caused in organisms that consume items contaminated by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The bacteria can transfer from pregnant women to their fetuses during pregnancy (congenitally), and it can lead those fetuses to develop physical deformities and mental disabilities. The 1930s experiments established Toxoplasma gondii as a human pathogen and helped increase research into congenital toxoplasmosis, enabling later researchers to develop measures to prevent against the disease in pregnant women.
the last decade and will continue climbing. In addition to the mortality caused by illicit
opioid misuse, morbidity rates have also risen. People Who Inject Drugs (PWID)
demonstrate higher rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus
(HCV), Endocarditis, Persistent Abscesses, Staphylococcus Aureus (S. aureus, Staph)
and other skin infections. This thesis serves as (1) a systematic review of the differences
in health conditions experienced by PWID and (2) an examination of the trends in skin
and soft tissue infection from a small sample in Phoenix, Arizona. The author argues that
PWID suffer from an increased rate of comorbid conditions associated with substance
use. Targeted social work interventions could be useful in reducing the rates of disease
and their impact on the individual and community.