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A Framework for Planning and Implementing a Jaguar (Panthera onca) Corridor to Reconnect La Amistad International Peace Park and Corcovado National Park in Costa Rica

Description

Quantifying ecological relationships by gathering and sifting through large stores of data and applying statistical models to them is a substantial first step in identifying optimal habitat for the dispersal of threatened species, but the implementation of the result requires coordination between political, economic, and environmental actors that are further…

Quantifying ecological relationships by gathering and sifting through large stores of data and applying statistical models to them is a substantial first step in identifying optimal habitat for the dispersal of threatened species, but the implementation of the result requires coordination between political, economic, and environmental actors that are further complicated by the margin of error in modeling a wildlife corridor. That is why the partnership between Arizona State University (ASU), the Phoenix Zoo: Arizona Center for Nature Conservation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) DEVELOP, and Osa Conservation needed a framework for identifying and analyzing the forest patches that constituted the least cost path (LCP) modelled to connect the Talamanca Mountains of La Amistad International Peace Park and the Osa Peninsula of Corcovado National Park and allow for the dispersal of jaguars (Panthera onca). A framework for selection of forest patches of adequate size was established in ArcMap and data were extracted to further analyze their characteristics and select targets to be ground-truthed. Forest patches were successfully identified and selected using data used for the modelling of the LCP. Patches were selected by the desired size of three hectares or greater, the home range of prey species paca (Cuniculus paca). Patches were characterized by patch area, resistance value or cost, distance from LCP, and distance from nearest neighbor across multiple forest density thresholds.

ContributorsSerna, Patrick Karey Samuel (Author) / Schipper, Jan (Thesis advisor) / Watanade-Sailor, Karen (Committee member) / Frazier, Amy (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)

Created2023

Jaguar (Panthera onca) Habitat Suitability Assessment in the Wildlife Corridor Linking the Talamanca Mountains to the Coastal Forests of the Osa Peninsula

Description

Anthropogenic land-use change, and its resulting habitat fragmentation, have restricted and isolated jaguar (Panthera onca) populations across their historic range of South, Central, and North America. As a result, jaguar are now globally listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List of threatened species (Quigley et al., 2017). Southwestern…

Anthropogenic land-use change, and its resulting habitat fragmentation, have restricted and isolated jaguar (Panthera onca) populations across their historic range of South, Central, and North America. As a result, jaguar are now globally listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List of threatened species (Quigley et al., 2017). Southwestern Costa Rica maintains two distinct jaguar populations: a small relictual “sink” population in Corcovado National Park on the Osa Peninsula and a larger but marginalized “source” population in the La Amistad International Park in the Talamanca mountains to the Northeast. The small and highly restricted population located between Corcovado (425 km²) and Piedras Blancas (140 km²) National Parks has been isolated for more than 50 years, while La Amistad International Park (2306 km²) in the north contains a significantly larger population, but in suboptimal montane habitat. A mosaic of pastures, coffee plantations, African oil palm groves, pineapple plantations, and human communities separate these two populations. My paper offers an analysis of the habitat suitability between the montane forest of the Talamanca Mountains and the coastal forest of the Osa Peninsula for jaguars within a proposed conservation corridor. While forest was determined to be the most optimal habitat type for jaguar, mangroves and small scale coffee were also found to be suitable in the context of a corridor. Palm was identified as having marginal suitability, while pasture and pineapple appeared poorly suited for jaguar, particularly due to the lack of prey species and vegetation cover. Urban areas were found to be entirely unsuitable. While human activities have highly fragmented the study area, my analysis suggests that human-dominated landscapes, such as agriculture, can still maintain connectivity, especially when paired with actions to improve conservation, education, and sustainable practices. My research will further support the establishment of a proposed wildlife corridor, which could greatly improve connectivity for wildlife across the region and facilitate movement of jaguar and prey species between the isolated Talamancan and Osa populations.

ContributorsJohnson, Annie Laura (Author) / Lewis, Jesse (Thesis director) / Schipper, Gerrit (Committee member) / School of Politics and Global Studies (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)

Created2019-05

Leonard Hayflick (1928- )

Description

Leonard Hayflick studied the processes by which cells age during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in the United States. In 1961 at the Wistar Institute in the US, Hayflick researched a phenomenon later called the Hayflick Limit, or the claim that normal human cells can only divide forty to sixty…

Leonard Hayflick studied the processes by which cells age during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in the United States. In 1961 at the Wistar Institute in the US, Hayflick researched a phenomenon later called the Hayflick Limit, or the claim that normal human cells can only divide forty to sixty times before they cannot divide any further. Researchers later found that the cause of the Hayflick Limit is the shortening of telomeres, or portions of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that slowly degrade as cells replicate. Hayflick used his research on normal embryonic cells to develop a vaccine for polio, and from HayflickÕs published directions, scientists developed vaccines for rubella, rabies, adenovirus, measles, chickenpox and shingles.

ContributorsBartlett, Zane (Author) / Turriziani Colonna, Federica (Editor) / Elliott, Steve (Editor) / Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia. (Publisher) / Arizona Board of Regents (Publisher)

Created2014-07-20

Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945)

Description

Although best known for his work with the fruit fly, for which he earned a Nobel Prize and the title "The Father of Genetics," Thomas Hunt Morgan's contributions to biology reach far beyond genetics. His research explored questions in embryology, regeneration, evolution, and heredity, using a variety of approaches.

ContributorsSunderland, Mary E. (Author) / Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia. (Publisher) / Arizona Board of Regents (Publisher)

Created2007-09-25