Matching Items (8)
131060-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
All modern multiplayer games are administered by having players connect to a remote server which is used to provide the ground truth for game state and player actions. This use of a central server provides a simple and intuitive way to administer game servers but also provides a single point

All modern multiplayer games are administered by having players connect to a remote server which is used to provide the ground truth for game state and player actions. This use of a central server provides a simple and intuitive way to administer game servers but also provides a single point of failure, as each server must be able to process all actions coming in and make a decision on whether the action is allowed or not, and how to update the game state accordingly. In cases where the server is under significant load, either from a very popular game release or from a deliberate attack, the game slows down or completely crashes. When there is a server action backlog, this can allow malicious actors to perform previously impossible actions. By instead using a decentralized platform, we can build a robust system that allows playing games through a P2P manner, filling in the need for central servers with consensus algorithms that provide the security on the part of a central authority. This project aims to show that a decentralized solution can be used to create a transparent, fully playable game of Monopoly with complex features that would be more scalable, reliable, and cost-effective compared to a centralized solution; meaning that games could be produced that costs pennies to publish and modify, taking seconds to propagate changes globally, and most importantly, cost nothing for upkeep. The codebase is available here: https://github.com/SirNeural/monopoly
ContributorsXu, Yun Hui (Author) / Boscovic, Dragan (Thesis director) / Foy, Joseph (Committee member) / Computer Science and Engineering Program (Contributor) / School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-12
133206-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Ethereum smart contracts are susceptible not only to those vulnerabilities common to all software development domains, but also to those arising from the peculiar execution model of the Ethereum Virtual Machine. One of these vulnerabilities, a susceptibility to re-entrancy attacks, has been at the center of several high-profile contract exploits.

Ethereum smart contracts are susceptible not only to those vulnerabilities common to all software development domains, but also to those arising from the peculiar execution model of the Ethereum Virtual Machine. One of these vulnerabilities, a susceptibility to re-entrancy attacks, has been at the center of several high-profile contract exploits. Currently, there exist many tools to detect these vulnerabilties, as well as languages which preempt the creation of contracts exhibiting these issues, but no mechanism to address them in an automated fashion. One possible approach to filling this gap is direct patching of source files. The process of applying these patches to contracts written in Solidity, the primary Ethereum contract language, is discussed. Toward this end, a survey of deployed contracts is conducted, focusing on prevalence of language features and compiler versions. A heuristic approach to mitigating a particular class of re-entrancy vulnerability is developed, implemented as the SolPatch tool, and examined with respect to its limitations. As a proof of concept and illustrative example, a simplified version of the contract featured in a high-profile exploit is patched in this manner.
ContributorsLehman, Maxfield Chance Christian (Author) / Bazzi, Rida (Thesis director) / Doupe, Adam (Committee member) / School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (Contributor) / Computer Science and Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-12
133234-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
This thesis will look into the cryptocurrency Basic Attention Token (BAT) and the browser they partnered with, Brave, to innovate the way that digital marketing dollars are spent. They believe that their browser and cryptocurrency will be able to remove inefficiencies the digital marketing world is full of, and also

This thesis will look into the cryptocurrency Basic Attention Token (BAT) and the browser they partnered with, Brave, to innovate the way that digital marketing dollars are spent. They believe that their browser and cryptocurrency will be able to remove inefficiencies the digital marketing world is full of, and also giving some power to users with their data. The vision of this team is to create a marketing agreement with users that makes it so the marketing space they offer is a verified real individual without compromising this person's user data to large firms and keeps all information stored locally. We will cover the international landscape, BAT and Brave from a branding perspective, and get into some research into interest in adoption.
ContributorsPenny, Troy Lyall (Author) / Kristofferson, Kirk (Thesis director) / Goegan, Brian (Committee member) / Department of Marketing (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
133364-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
The objective of this paper is to provide an educational diagnostic into the technology of blockchain and its application for the supply chain. Education on the topic is important to prevent misinformation on the capabilities of blockchain. Blockchain as a new technology can be confusing to grasp given the wide

The objective of this paper is to provide an educational diagnostic into the technology of blockchain and its application for the supply chain. Education on the topic is important to prevent misinformation on the capabilities of blockchain. Blockchain as a new technology can be confusing to grasp given the wide possibilities it can provide. This can convolute the topic by being too broad when defined. Instead, the focus will be maintained on explaining the technical details about how and why this technology works in improving the supply chain. The scope of explanation will not be limited to the solutions, but will also detail current problems. Both public and private blockchain networks will be explained and solutions they provide in supply chains. In addition, other non-blockchain systems will be described that provide important pieces in supply chain operations that blockchain cannot provide. Blockchain when applied to the supply chain provides improved consumer transparency, management of resources, logistics, trade finance, and liquidity.
ContributorsKrukar, Joel Michael (Author) / Oke, Adegoke (Thesis director) / Duarte, Brett (Committee member) / Hahn, Richard (Committee member) / School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (Contributor) / Department of Economics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
Description
In recent years, cryptocurrency has become an increasingly popular new alternative investment among retail traders. Additionally, this attention has grown beyond retail traders and now presents itself as a prominent conversation among media, institutions, and academia. The purpose of this project is to explore the unappreciated aspect of cryptocurrency use such

In recent years, cryptocurrency has become an increasingly popular new alternative investment among retail traders. Additionally, this attention has grown beyond retail traders and now presents itself as a prominent conversation among media, institutions, and academia. The purpose of this project is to explore the unappreciated aspect of cryptocurrency use such that it is capable of functioning in the foreign exchange markets (FOREX or FX markets). The inherent idea behind cryptocurrency is that it is accessible worldwide, protected, and verifiable via blockchain, holding the same monetary value regardless of location and minimizing the cost of cross-border payments by eliminating financial intermediaries in the traditional FOREX currency markets. Moreover, the goal of cryptocurrency intends to operate at faster rates than current traditional finance intermediaries. The article incorporates frequently debated aspects of cryptocurrency to identify the advantages and limitations of both cryptocurrency and traditional monetary systems. Thus, this research reveals the necessary fundamentals needed in cryptocurrency for the evolution in traditional financial structures and for widespread adoption to occur.
ContributorsKrygier, Jakob (Author) / Van Orden, Joseph (Thesis director) / Hill, John (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Finance (Contributor) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Department of Economics (Contributor)
Created2023-05
Description

Through my work with the Arizona State University Blockchain Research Lab (BRL) and JennyCo, one of the first Healthcare Information (HCI) HIPAA - compliant decentralized exchanges, I have had the opportunity to explore a unique cross-section of some of the most up and coming DLTs including both DAGs and blockchains.

Through my work with the Arizona State University Blockchain Research Lab (BRL) and JennyCo, one of the first Healthcare Information (HCI) HIPAA - compliant decentralized exchanges, I have had the opportunity to explore a unique cross-section of some of the most up and coming DLTs including both DAGs and blockchains. During this research, four major technologies (including JennyCo’s own systems) presented themselves as prime candidates for the comparative analysis of two models for implementing JennyCo’s system architecture for the monetization of healthcare information exchanges (HIEs). These four identified technologies and their underlying mechanisms will be explored thoroughly throughout the course of this paper and are listed with brief definitions as follows: Polygon - “Polygon is a “layer two” or “sidechain” scaling solution that runs alongside the Ethereum blockchain. MATIC is the network’s native cryptocurrency, which is used for fees, staking, and more” [8]. Polygon is the scalable layer involved in the L2SP architecture. Ethereum - “Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain platform that establishes a peer-to-peer network that securely executes and verifies application code, called smart contracts.” [9] This foundational Layer-1 runs thousands of nodes and creates a unique decentralized ecosystem governed by turing complete automated programs. Ethereum is the foundational Layer involved in the L2SP. Constellation - A novel Layer-0 data-centric peer-to-peer network that utilizes the “Hypergraph Transfer Protocol or HGTP, a DLT known as a [DAG] protocol with a novel reputation-based consensus model called Proof of Reputable Observation (PRO). Hypergraph is a feeless decentralized network that supports the transfer of $DAG cryptocurrency.” [10] JennyCo Protocol - Acts as a HIPAA compliant decentralized HIE by allowing consumers, big businesses, and brands to access and exchange user health data on a secure, interoperable, and accessible platform via DLT. The JennyCo Protocol implements utility tokens to reward buyers and sellers for exchanging data. Its protocol nature comes from its DLT implementation which governs the functioning of on-chain actions (e.g. smart contracts). In this case, these actions consist of secure and transparent health data exchange and monetization to reconstitute data ownership to those who generate that data [11]. With the direct experience of working closely with multiple companies behind the technologies listed, I have been exposed to the benefits and deficits of each of these technologies and their corresponding approaches. In this paper, I will use my experience with these technologies and their frameworks to explore two distributed ledger architecture protocols in order to determine the more effective model for implementing JennycCo’s health data exchange. I will begin this paper with an exploration of blockchain and directed acyclic graph (DAG) technologies to better understand their innate architectures and features. I will then move to an in-depth look at layered protocols, and healthcare data in the form of EHRs. Additionally, I will address the main challenges EHRs and HIEs face to present a deeper understanding of the challenges JennyCo is attempting to address. Finally, I will demonstrate my hypothesis: the Hypergraph Transfer Protocol (HGTP) model by Constellation presents significant advantages in scalability, interoperability, and external data security over the Layer-2 Scalability Protocol (L2SP) used by Polygon and Ethereum in implementing the JennyCo protocol. This will be done through a thorough breakdown of each protocol along with an analysis of relevant criteria including but not limited to: security, interoperability, and scalability. In doing so, I hope to determine the best framework for running JennyCo’s HIE Protocol.

ContributorsVan Bussum, Alexander (Author) / Boscovic, Dragan (Thesis director) / Grando, Adela (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Computer Science and Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2023-05
164866-Thumbnail Image.png
Description

This project aims to mint NFT's on the Ethereum blockchain with upgraded functionality. This functionality helps user verifiability and increases a user's control over their NFT.

ContributorsHoppe, Aidan (Author) / Boscovic, Dragan (Thesis director) / Pesic, Sasa (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Computer Science and Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2022-05
187478-Thumbnail Image.png
Description基于人类加密学,第一例加密数字货币“比特币”的概念最初由中本聪在2008年11月1日提出,于2009年1月3日正式诞生。经过14年的历程,整个加密货币世界得到了快速的发展、加密生态得到了极大的繁荣、有利的推动了整个人类数字文明的衍进和发展。截至2021年5月,加密货币总市值达到2.4万亿美元的峰值,加密数字货币的数量已经近6000种。单只市值超过10亿美元的数字货币有77个,单只市值超过100万美元的数字货币有1600个。虽然对加密货币究竟应该定义为商品还是证券仍存在巨大争议,但毫无疑问的是加密货币已经成为瞩目且不可忽视的一类投资性资产。 本论文试图从金融资产分析框架和行为金融学角度出发,探究比特币和以太币这两只最具有代表性的数字货币的价格影响因素。本论文分别从宏观和微观两个维度探究两个维度下的因素对价格波动的影响。从宏观视角出发探究问题一:通缩发行机制、联储货币政策、以及中美监管政策对比特币及以太币价格的影响。从微观视角出发探究问题二:加密货币的应用、市场行为金融的视角看其比特币及以太币价格波动的影响。 本论文通过应用定性和定量相结合的研究分析方法,运用一系列时间序列回归模型、相关性分析、区间统计分析、经典行为金融学动能效应模型等工具对上述两个维度的问题进行深度研究和论证,发现各个角度中所涵盖的因素对以比特币和以太币为代表的数字货币价格的影响,同时涵盖了影响的方向和影响的层度,并构建多因素定价模型。
ContributorsLiu, Hongjie (Author) / Zhang, Zhongju (Thesis advisor) / Hu, Jie (Thesis advisor) / Zheng, Zhiqiang (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023