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Description
Research has shown that a developmental process of maturing out of alcohol involvement occurs during young adulthood, and that this process is related to both young adult role transitions (e.g., marriage) and personality developmental (e.g., decreased disinhibition and neuroticism). The current study extended past research by testing whether protective marriage and personality effects on maturing out were stronger among more severe late adolescent drinkers, and whether protective marriage effects were stronger among those who experienced more personality development. Parental alcoholism and gender were tested as moderators of marriage, personality, and late adolescent drinking effects on maturing out; and as distal predictors mediated by these effects. Participants were a subsample (N = 844; 51% children of alcoholics; 53% male, 71% non-Hispanic Caucasian, 27% Hispanic; Chassin, Barrera, Bech, & Kossak-Fuller, 1992) from a larger longitudinal study of familial alcoholism. Hypotheses were tested with latent growth models characterizing alcohol consumption and drinking consequence trajectories from late adolescence to adulthood (age 17-40). Past findings were replicated by showing protective effects of becoming married, sensation-seeking reductions, and neuroticism reductions on the drinking trajectories. Moderation tests showed that protective marriage effects on the drinking trajectories were stronger among those with higher pre-marriage drinking in late adolescence (i.e., higher growth intercepts). This might reflect role socialization mechanisms such that more severe drinking produces more conflict with the demands of new roles (i.e., role incompatibility), thus requiring greater drinking reductions to resolve this conflict. In contrast, little evidence was found for moderation of personality effects by late adolescent drinking or for moderation of marriage effects by personality. Parental alcoholism findings suggested complex moderated mediation pathways. Parental alcoholism predicted less drinking reduction through decreasing the likelihood of marriage (mediation) and muting marriage's effect on the drinking trajectories (moderation), but parental alcoholism also predicted more drinking reduction through increasing initial drinking in late adolescence (mediation). The current study provides new insights into naturally occurring processes of recovery during young adulthood and suggests that developmentally-tailored interventions for young adults could harness these natural recovery processes (e.g., by integrating role incompatibility themes and addressing factors that block role effects among those with familial alcoholism).
ContributorsLee, Matthew R. (Author) / Chassin, Laurie (Thesis advisor) / Corbin, William R. (Committee member) / Mackinnon, David P (Committee member) / Presson, Clark C. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
An important facet of daily memory function is prospective memory, which is one’s ability to complete established intentions in the appropriate temporal and spatial context. Many factors contribute to impairments in prospective memory, such as limited cognitive resources or aging. A factor that has been subject to recent investigation is how cannabis use may have an impact on the mechanisms that contribute to prospective memory. Cannabis use has been on the rise across the world, and in the United States more states are pushing to legalize its recreational use, if they haven’t already. As this substance becomes more easily accessible, akin to alcohol use, the necessity to investigate its potential consequences on cognition is needed now more than ever. Prospective memory is an appropriate measure of cannabis-induced deficits due to the wide literature looking at neural correlates of the component mechanisms that contribute to successful prospective memory, attentional and memory processes. The current study employed two experiments to measure this argued claim. Experiment 1 replicated well-defined effects from the prospective memory literature by measuring task accuracy (memory), response times (attention), and pupillary dynamics (attention). Informed by the research looking at the brain regions suspected of experiencing the most functional impairment, Experiment 2 aimed to extend these findings with a sample of participants following acute cannabis administration, however, results indicated cannabis group performance was similar in accuracy and showed faster mean latencies to that of the control group.
ContributorsCelaya, Xavier Lorenzo (Author) / Brewer, Gene A (Thesis advisor) / Meier, Madeline H (Committee member) / Lewis, Candace R (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
Self-control has been shown to predict both health risk and health protective outcomes. Although top-down or “good” self-control is typically examined as a unidimensional construct, research on “poor” self-control suggests that multiple dimensions may be necessary to capture aspects of self-control. The current study sought to create a new brief survey measure of top-down self-control that differentiates between self-control capacity, internal motivation, and external motivation. Items were adapted from the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS; Tangney, Baumeister, & Boone, 2004) and were administered through two online surveys to 347 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory psychology courses at Arizona State University. The Self-Control Motivation and Capacity Survey (SCMCS) showed strong evidence of validity and reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 3-factor structure of the scale consistent with the underlying theoretical model. The final 15-item measure demonstrated excellent model fit, chi-square = 89.722 p=.077, CFI = .989, RMSEA = .032, SRMR = .045. Despite several limitations including the cross-sectional nature of most analyses, self-control capacity, internal motivation, and external motivation uniquely related to various self-reported behavioral outcomes, and accounted for additional variance beyond that accounted for by the BSCS. Future studies are needed to establish the stability of multiple dimensions of self-control, and to develop state-like and domain-specific measures of self-control. While more research in this area is needed, the current study demonstrates the importance of studying multiple aspects of top-down self-control, and may ultimately facilitate the tailoring of interventions to the needs of individuals based on unique profiles of self-control capacity and motivation.
ContributorsPapova, Anna (Author) / Corbin, William R. (Thesis advisor) / Karoly, Paul (Committee member) / Brewer, Gene (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2016
Effects of early internalizing symptoms on speed of transition through stages of alcohol involvement
Description
Alcohol use disorders and internalizing disorders are highly comorbid in adults, but how this comorbidity unfolds over development is not well understood. Previous retrospective studies in adults have shown that internalizing problems are associated with a rapid transition from first drink and first regular drinking to the onset of alcohol dependence. Some results also suggest that internalizing is a stronger predictor of rapid transitions through later stages of alcohol involvement, but these stage-specific effects have not been explicitly tested. The present study utilized a prospective dataset to investigate effects of adolescent internalizing symptoms on speed of transition through multiple stages of alcohol involvement. Specifically, it was hypothesized that greater early internalizing symptoms would predict a later age of first drink, a slower transition from first drink to first binge, and a faster transition from first binge to first dependence symptom. The moderating effects of gender were also examined. Data were from a longitudinal study of children of alcoholics and matched controls (n = 454) followed from late childhood to mid-life. Linear regression and Cox regression were the primary analytic strategies. Covariates were externalizing symptoms, family history of alcohol use disorders, and gender. Analyses also controlled for age at which the participant entered each interval. Generally, stage-specific hypotheses concerning the effects of internalizing were not supported. Internalizing symptoms marginally predicted an earlier age of first drink and a faster transition from first binge to first dependence symptom, and significantly predicted a faster transition through the overall interval from first drink to first dependence symptom. Internalizing was a stronger predictor of rapid transitions for women, and the effects of internalizing were not specific to early or later stages of alcohol involvement among women. These results suggest that early internalizing problems are a general risk factor for a rapid transition through all stages of alcohol involvement, and this risk may be stronger for women than for men. These results have important implications for our theoretical understanding of the relationship between internalizing problems and alcohol use disorders as well as prevention and intervention efforts targeting these problems.
ContributorsMenary, Kyle (Author) / Corbin, William R. (Thesis advisor) / Chassin, Laurie A (Committee member) / Meier, Madeline H (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2014
Description
Relations between two aspects of the parent-child relationship, parent warmth and modeling of emotion expression, and youth internalizing and externalizing problems and maladaptive grief were examined in a longitudinal sample of parentally bereaved youth. Youth expressive suppression was tested as a mediator of these relations and youth age was examined as a moderator. Parentally bereaved youth (N=244) aged 8 to 16 and their parents were assessed at three timepoints. Across 14 months, parent modeling of maladaptive emotion expression was significantly associated with increased parent report of both internalizing and externalizing problems, and youth report of parental warmth was significantly associated with decreased youth report of externalizing problems. There was no support for youth expressive suppression mediating these relations and the pattern of relations did not differ significantly by youth age. Implications for intervention programs targeting parents and youth are discussed.
ContributorsUhlman, Rana Natasha Goble (Author) / Wolchik, Sharlene A (Thesis advisor) / Anderson, Samantha F (Committee member) / Meier, Madeline H (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021