Matching Items (3)
Filtering by

Clear all filters

131392-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Humans engage in many forms of cooperation within social groups, creating the ability for people help others when they are in need. One specific type of cooperation helps alleviate need and manage risk in both kin and non-kin relationships. However, how people ask for help or notice when someone else

Humans engage in many forms of cooperation within social groups, creating the ability for people help others when they are in need. One specific type of cooperation helps alleviate need and manage risk in both kin and non-kin relationships. However, how people ask for help or notice when someone else is in need have not received systematic investigation. In this study, participants’ self-reported socioeconomic status (SES) was collected along with information about their willingness to engage in a variety of help-seeking behaviors in certain situations. Participants’ general emotions and attitudes associated with certain aspects of asking for help were also collected. It was predicted that people with lower SES would be more reluctant to ask due to more negative emotions associated with and more instances of needing to ask for help. People with higher SES were predicted to be more likely to ask for help due to fewer negative emotions associated with asking and less need to ask for help overall. We found that people with lower SES were generally less willingness to engage in help-seeking behaviors compared to those of higher SES. However, results did not support the hypothesis that people with lower SES would experience more negative emotions associated with asking for help. Considering these results, further studies should investigate willingness to seek financial help versus other types of help in personal relationships and from institution-based assistance programs. Future research should also seek to determine how feelings of entitlement in individuals with higher SES affect willingness to ask for and offer help.
ContributorsHighstrete, Lauren G (Co-author) / Highstrete, Lauren (Co-author) / Aktipis, Athena (Thesis director) / Ayers, Jessica (Committee member) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
132471-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Studies of cooperation remain an important aspect in understanding the evolution of social cues and interactions. One example of cooperation is pleometrosis, an associative behavior of forming a colony with two unrelated, fertile queens. However, most ant species display haplometrosis, the founding of a colony by a single queen. In

Studies of cooperation remain an important aspect in understanding the evolution of social cues and interactions. One example of cooperation is pleometrosis, an associative behavior of forming a colony with two unrelated, fertile queens. However, most ant species display haplometrosis, the founding of a colony by a single queen. In these associations, the queen typically rejects cooperation. In populations of Pogonomyrmex californicus, both pleometrosis and haplometrosis exists. It is not clear how associative -metrosis became a practiced behavior since haplometrotic queens tend to fight. However, as fighting in pleometrotic queens became less frequent, this induces benefit, in terms of cost savings, in having associative behaviors. The hypothesis tested was nest excavation of pleometrotic queens show sociality, while haplometrotic queens show association independence. Isolated pleometrotic queens (P) showed low excavation rate at 2.72cm2/day, compared to the rate when the task was shared in (PP) nests, 4.57cm2/day. Nest area of the (P) queens were also affected during days 3 and 4 of the experiment, where there was presence of nest area decrease. Furthermore, the excavation session of (P) was the only one determined as significant between all other nests. Although the (P) queens have low values, they eventually reach a similar point as the other nests by day 6. However, the lack of haste in excavation leads to longer exposure to the elements, substituting the risk of losing cuticles in excavation for the risk of predation. For the haplometrotic queens, nests of (H) and (HH) displayed no significant difference in excavation values, leading to having social effect in their association.
ContributorsGabriel, Ian Paulo Villalobos (Author) / Fewell, Jennifer (Thesis director) / Pratt, Stephen (Committee member) / Bespalova, Ioulia (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
141349-Thumbnail Image.png
Description

In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies

In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., Rand et al., 2014) and others observing null effects (e.g., Tinghög et al., 2013; Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al., 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65.9% of participants in the time- pressure condition and 7.5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of −0.37 percentage points compared with an 8.6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10.37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15.31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation.

ContributorsBouwmeester, S. (Author) / Verkoeijen, P.P.J.L. (Author) / Aczel, B. (Author) / Barbosa, F. (Author) / Begue, L. (Author) / Branas-Garza, P. (Author) / Chmura, T.G.H. (Author) / Cornelissen, G. (Author) / Dossing, F.S. (Author) / Espin, A.M. (Author) / Evans, A.M. (Author) / Ferreira-Santos, F. (Author) / Fieldler, S. (Author) / Flegr, J. (Author) / Ghaffari, M. (Author) / Gloeckner, A. (Author) / Goeschl, T. (Author) / Guo, L. (Author) / Hauser, O.P. (Author) / Hernan-Gonzalez, R. (Author) / Herrero, A. (Author) / Horne, Z. (Author) / Houdek, P. (Author) / Johannesson, M. (Author) / Koppel, L. (Author) / Kujal, P. (Author) / Laine, T. (Author) / Lohse, J. (Author) / Martins, E.C. (Author) / Mauro, C. (Author) / Mischkowski, D. (Author) / Mukherjee, S. (Author) / Myrseth, K.O.R. (Author) / Navarro-Martinez, D. (Author) / Neal, T.M.S. (Author) / Novakova, J. (Author) / Paga, R. (Author) / Paiva, T.O. (Author) / Palfi, B. (Author) / Piovesan, M. (Author) / Rahal, R.-M. (Author) / Salomon, E. (Author) / Srinivasan, N. (Author) / Srivastava, A. (Author) / Szaszi, B. (Author) / Szollosi, A. (Author) / Thor, K.O. (Author) / Tinghog, G. (Author) / Trueblood, J.S. (Author) / Van Bavel, J.J. (Author) / van't Veer, A.E. (Author) / Vastfjall, D. (Author) / Warner, M. (Author) / Wengstrom, E. (Author) / Wills, J. (Author) / Wollbrant, C.E. (Author)
Created2017-03-01