Matching Items (3)
Description
One salient aspect of most world religions is an emphasis on reproductive morality—rules about which types of sexual behaviors and familiar structures are acceptable. In Chapter 1, I introduce the theoretical background of the dissertation, including the Reproductive-Religiosity Model. Then, in one theoretical paper (Chapter 2) and two empirical papers (Chapters 3 and 4), I consider the cultural and social implications of religious proscriptions on sexual behavior. In Chapter 2, I review the Reproductive-Religiosity Model, which posits that religions are especially attractive to people who desire monogamous, long-term mating strategies. I also discuss the implications of this model for cultural evolution. In Chapter 3, I look at the social implications of these religious proscriptions. That is, if restricted attitudes toward sexuality are strongly linked to religious belief, it follows that people’s stereotypes of religious people may track this relationship. Three studies showed that people tended to trust religious targets more than nonreligious targets, but that this effect seems to be due to inferences about religious targets’ reproductive strategies—that is, people trusted religious targets because they perceived them more likely to be interested in starting a family. In Chapter 4, I examine patterns of religiosity across the world through a rational choice lens, positing that people are more likely to be religious when religion can help them fulfill their goals. Analysis of two global datasets shows that men, more so than women, tend to be less religious in countries with greater gender equality. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes results and discusses future directions for this line of research.
ContributorsMoon, Jordan W (Author) / Cohen, Adam B (Thesis advisor) / Kenrick, Douglas T (Committee member) / Varnum, Michael E W (Committee member) / Infurna, Frank J (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Parental depression is a risk factor for children’s healthy language development, however, the mechanisms of risk transmission are less understood. The present study aimed to examine aspects of parent-child interactions as mediators of the negative relations between mothers’ and fathers’ depression and children’s expressive language. Using longitudinal data from families in a large city of the Western United States (N = 497; child Mage = 5.83 months; 47% female), I examined these relations using mothers’ and fathers’ reports of depression, observations of mothers’ and fathers’ parent-child interactions, and observational indices of children’s expressive language in the home. Although results indicated no longitudinal relations between mothers’ or fathers’ depression and children’s expressive language, mothers’ depression was negatively related to mothers’ and fathers’ later parental supportiveness. Moreover, mothers’ acceptance and fathers’ supportiveness were positively related to children’s later expressive language. These findings shed light on family dynamics when mothers’ experience heightened levels of postpartum depression and how specific parent-child interactions support healthy language development.
ContributorsClifford, Brandon Neil (Author) / Eggum, Natalie (Thesis advisor) / Rainey, Vanessa (Committee member) / Lucca, Kelsey (Committee member) / Bradley, Robert (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
The implementation of chatbots in customer service is widely prevalent in today’s world with insufficient research to appropriately refine all of their conversational abilities. Chatbots are favored for their ability to handle simple and typical requests made by users, but chatbots have proven to be prone to conversational breakdowns. The study researched how the use of repair strategies to combat conversational breakdowns in a simple versus complex task setting affected user experience. Thirty participants were collected and organized into six different groups in a two by three between subjects factorial design. Participants were assigned one of two tasks (simple or complex) and one of three repair strategies (repeat, confirmation, or options). A Wizard-of-Oz approach was used to simulate a chatbot that participants interacted with to complete a task in a hypothetical setting. Participants completed the task with this researcher-controlled chatbot as it intentionally failed the conversation multiple times, only to repair it with a repair strategy. Participants recorded their user experience regarding the chatbot afterwards. An Analysis of Covariance statistical test was run with task duration being a covariate variable. Findings indicate that the simple task difficulty was significant in improving the user experience that participants recorded whereas the particular repair strategy had no effect on the user experience. This indicates that simpler tasks lead to improved positive user experience and the more time that is spent on a task, the less positive the user experience. Overall, results associated with the effects of task difficulty and repair strategies on user experience were only partially consistent with previous literature.
ContributorsRios, Aaron (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Gutzwiller, Robert S. (Committee member) / Chiou, Erin K. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022