Does school participatory budgeting (SPB) increase students’ political efficacy? SPB, which is implemented in thousands of schools around the world, is a democratic process of deliberation and decision-making in which students determine how to spend a portion of the school’s budget. We examined the impact of SPB on political efficacy in one middle school in Arizona. Our participants’ (n = 28) responses on survey items designed to measure self-perceived growth in political efficacy indicated a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.46), suggesting that SPB is an effective approach to civic pedagogy, with promising prospects for developing students’ political efficacy.

Phoebus 5: A Journal of Art History - Table of Contents

“Editor’s Note” by Anthony Gully, p. 5-6.

“Preface” by Lucinda H. Gedeon, p. 9-12.

“Hiram Power’s Bust of George Washington: The President as an Icon” by Vivien Green Fryd, p. 14-28.

“A Sky After El Greco, An Early Homage by Demuth” by Marie Timberlake, p. 29-44.

“Ben Shahn’s ‘Mine Building: A Symbol of Disaster’” by Carolyn Robbins, p. 45-60.

“Georgia O’Keeffe’s ‘Horse’s Skull on Blue’: A Dedicatory Essay” by Barbara Spies, p. 61-65.

“Eastman Johnson's Cranberry Pickers” by Joseph Lamb, p. 66-74. 

“Dull Knife’s Defiance” by Maria Leone, p. 75-79. 

“A Designer of Dreams: Arthur B. Davies’ ‘Dawn, Mother of Night’” by Anne Gully, p. 80-87.

“Death and Mystical Liberation in John B. Flannagan’s ‘Beginning’” by Timothy Norris, p. 88-92.

“Architecture that Speaks: Edward Hopper's Cottage, Cape Cod” by William Laubach, p. 93-95.

“Behind the Mask: Walt Kuhn’s ‘Young Clown’” by Richard Raymond, p. 96-101.

“George Elbert Burr: A Sometimes Master” by Thomas van der Meulen, p. 102-109.

“‘Parade’ in Review, an Interview with Philip C. Curtis” by Dawne Walczak, p. 110-124.

“Notes” p. 125-143.

Phoebus 3: A Journal of Art History - Table of Contents

“Preface” by Jack Breckenridge, p. 5.

“A Possible Interpretation of the Bird-man Figure Found on Objects Associated with the Southern Cult of the Southeastern United States, A.D. 1200 to 1350” by Lee Anne Wilson, p. 6-18.

“John Milton’s ‘Unholy Trinity’: (Satan, Sin, and Death)” by Anthony Gully, p. 19-36.

“Arizona Portfolio” p. 38-84.

          “Voyage of the Sesostris: Elihi Vedder in Egypt” by Hugh Broadley, p. 39-51.

          “Theodore Roszak’s ‘Emergence: Transition I’ at Arizona State University” by Joan
          Seeman Robinson, p. 52-53.

          “‘La peur donnant des ailes au courage by Jean Cocteau: a Drawing in the Phoenix Art
          Museum” by Anne Gully and Susan Benforado Gunther, p. 54-63.

          “John Mix Stanley, a ‘Hudson River’ Painter in Arizona” by James K. Ballinger, p. 64-72.

          “‘Corn Husking’ by Winslow Homer” by Gerald Eager, p. 73-79.

          “A Plate from the Meissen Swan Service in the Phoenix Art Museum” by Barbara
          Nachtigall, p. 80-84.

“Death in the Darkroom: Poisonings of Nineteenth Century Photographers” by Bill Jay, p. 85-98.

“Oral History in Art: A New Tool” by Winberta Yao, p. 99-108.

“A Note from a Reader” p. 109. 

“Contributors” p. 110-112

Phoebus 2: A Journal of Art History - Table of Contents

“Preface” by Jack Breckenridge, p. 3.

“Contributors” p. 4-5.

“Table of Contents” p. 6-7.

“The Problem of Antisolimenismo in Neapolitan Baroque Painting” by Donald Rabiner, p. 8-16.

“Mid-Fourteenth Century Painting in Suchou: Some Lesser Masters” by Claudia Brown, p. 17-30.

“A Re-Examination of the Cult of Demeter and the Meaning of the Eleusinian Mysteries” by Sherly Farness, p. 31-38. 

“Arizona Portfolio” p. 39-53. 

          “Wooden Cross” by Mildred Monteverde, p. 40-43.

          “Le Petit Tablier” by Rosalind Robinson, p. 44-47.

          “La Réunion des plus Célèbres Monuments Antiques de la France” by Vicki C. Wright, p.
          48-53. 

“An Unpublished Rowlandson Sketchbook” by Anthony Gully, p. 54-74.

“Are We Ready for Shih-T'ao?” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 75-87. 

“A Conversation Between Adolph Gottlieb and Jack Breckenridge” transcribed by Jack Breckenridge, p. 88-96. 

“Three Recent Art Reference Books” by Winberta Yao, p. 97-102

Phoebus 1: A Journal of Art History - Table of Contents 

“Preface” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 4-6. 

“Dedication” by Harry Wood, p. 7-8.

“Style and Symbolism in the Awatobi Kiva Mural Paintings” by Marvin Cohodas, p. 9-21.

“Mr. B and the Cherubim: A Critical Examination of William Blake's 'A Descriptive Catalogue' of 1809” by Anthony Gully, p. 23-46. 

“Arizona Portfolio” p. 47-64.

          “La Muse de Guillaume Apollinaire (The Muse of Guillaume Apollinaire)” by Anthony
          Gully, p. 48-51.

          “Wild Geese, Flowering Plants, and Tall Reeds” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 52-55.

          “Ting” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 56-59.

          “Homage to Watteau” by Robin Dowden, p. 60-64.

“A Note on a Letter from Roger Hilton to Terry Frost” by Jack Breckenridge, p. 65-74.

“Ming Idealism and Landscape Painting” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 75-92.

“Classic Maya Elements in the Iconography of Rulership at El Tajin, Veracruz, Mexico” by Michael Kampen, p. 93-104. 

“Anne de Coursey Clapp, Wen Cheng-ming, ‘The Ming Artist and Antiquity’” by Anne de Coursey Clapp and Wen Cheng-ming, p. 105-108.

“‘7+5 Sculptors in the 1950s’: An Exhibition in the Phoenix Art Museum” 108-113.

“List of Contributors” by 114-116.