Matching Items (17)
Description
There has been an alarming rise in the prevalence of obesity which has been attributed to the paralleled rise in consumption of high-fat foods. It’s commonly accepted that high-fat diets can lead to increased weight gain, however not all fats have the same physiological action. This study primarily focuses on the effect of canola oil, a monounsaturated fat, on energy homeostasis and body composition when it’s given as a supplement to a high-fat diet composed of saturated fatty acid. Rodent models were divided into three dietary groups: 1) low-fat diet (LFD), 2) high-fat diet (HFD) and 3) canola oils supplemented HFD (HF+CAN). After 4 weeks of dietary intervention, samples of epididymal fat, perinephric fat, and liver were analyzed across the three groups to see if the changes in energy homeostasis could be explained by the cellular behavior and composition of these tissues. Interestingly, the supplement of canola oil appeared to reverse the deleterious effects of a saturated fat diet, reverting energy intake, body weight gain and adipose tissue sizes to that (if not lower than that) of the LFD group. The only exception to this effect was the liver: the livers remained larger and fattier than those of the HFD. This occurrence is possibly due to a decrease in free fatty acid uptake in the adipose tissues—resulting in smaller adipose tissue sizes—and increased fatty acid uptake in the liver. The mechanism by which this occurs has yet to be elucidated and will be the primary focus of upcoming studies on the effect of monounsaturated fat on other diets.
ContributorsZuo, Connie Wanda (Author) / Washo-Krupps, Delon (Thesis director) / Deviche, Pierre (Committee member) / Herman, Richard (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2015-05
Description
Neuroinflammation is mediated by activated microglia, the chief immune response of the central nervous system. Mitochondrial 18kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is upregulated in activated microglia and has been used in PET scans to analyze peripheral and central inflammation with TSPO radioligand [18F]DPA-714. To test the hypothesis that TSPO is involved in microglial mediation of inflammatory responses to Aβ and other Alzheimer’s pathological elements, TSPO expression was evaluated in relation to microglia specific markers (IBA1 and LN3 antibodies) and markers for AD pathology, Aβ (6E10 antibody) and hyperphosphorylated tau (AT8 antibody). To test that TSPO is involved in inflammatory pathways, HEK cells transfected with TSPO plasmids were assessed for oxidative stress in response to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenic agents, β Amyloid (Aβ), and Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein (α-syn).
Fluorescence microscopy of TSPO transfected HEK cell cultures labeled with Carboxy-H2DCFDA and treated with Beta Amyloid (Aβ) and α-synuclein (α-syn) resulted in DAPI fluorescing Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) nuclei in blue and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) fluorescing reactive oxygen species (ROS) or oxidative stress in cell cytoplasm in green. Preliminary study suggests TSPO transfected cells may be used to test oxidative stress with disease pathological elements (Aβ and α-synuclein). In IHC, TSPO immunoreactivity was observed in IBA1 and LN3 marked microglia with varying degrees of expression. Beaded structures were also observed with TSPO immunoreactivities, possibly representing microglia processes. TSPO immunoreactivity was observed in and surrounding amyloid plaques and p-tau immunoreactive neurites. This demonstrates that TSPO is predominantly expressed in microglia and are closely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathological elements, suggesting involvement of TSPO-expressing microglia in neurodegenerative processes.
Fluorescence microscopy of TSPO transfected HEK cell cultures labeled with Carboxy-H2DCFDA and treated with Beta Amyloid (Aβ) and α-synuclein (α-syn) resulted in DAPI fluorescing Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) nuclei in blue and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) fluorescing reactive oxygen species (ROS) or oxidative stress in cell cytoplasm in green. Preliminary study suggests TSPO transfected cells may be used to test oxidative stress with disease pathological elements (Aβ and α-synuclein). In IHC, TSPO immunoreactivity was observed in IBA1 and LN3 marked microglia with varying degrees of expression. Beaded structures were also observed with TSPO immunoreactivities, possibly representing microglia processes. TSPO immunoreactivity was observed in and surrounding amyloid plaques and p-tau immunoreactive neurites. This demonstrates that TSPO is predominantly expressed in microglia and are closely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathological elements, suggesting involvement of TSPO-expressing microglia in neurodegenerative processes.
ContributorsWu, Michael (Author) / Lue, Lih-Fen (Thesis director) / Washo-Krupps, Delon (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
Description
In the United States, a dispute has arisen over the safety and need for vaccination, particularly in regard to compulsory vaccination laws. New outlets and social media sites publish countless reports about the dangers of vaccines or of known adverse reactions as well as imagined or unproven worries. Individuals' rights to choose to get vaccinated or allow their children to be vaccinated comes to direct conflict with measures needed to protect communities from preventable viral diseases. The controversy surrounding vaccines is not new, nor necessarily are the fundamental reasons for skepticism. Looking back through the history of vaccines as a medical tool, the evolution of the controversy can be observed taking place with each new historical context, scientific development, and social conditions. Despite scientific research and assurances of vaccine safety, opposition and unease about vaccination appear to take Looking individually at the development and distribution of the smallpox (variola virus), polio (poliovirus) and human papilloma virus(HPV) vaccines, concerns regarding the violation of personal rights, safety of vaccines themselves, and social stigmas and connotations surrounding vaccines can be seen to evolve and change. Due to the way doubt can manifest in different ways over time, it may be impossible to fully end the vaccine debate. However, nderstanding the sociological factors behind anti-vaccine sentiment may allow healthcare professionals to work with concerned people with a particular care to address these visceral and sometimes irrational fears surrounding vaccination.
ContributorsStevens, Luke Christian (Author) / Jacobs, Bertram (Thesis director) / Washo-Krupps, Delon (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2014-05
Description
Parents of patients receiving treatment at Parsons Center for Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics were surveyed in this study in an effort to uncover their motivations to seek specialty dental treatment for their children. Parsons Center for Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics is a specialty dental clinic that focuses on increasing the accessibility of dental care, serving both insured and uninsured patients in Phoenix, Arizona. The demographic of this study is assumed to be the surrounding areas, including Maricopa County and the zip code to which Parsons pertains, 85009. Approximately half of the population in this area are low income individuals, and a large percentage of the population are of Hispanic/Latino heritage. Over the course of this investigation, eighty participating parents completed a short survey to determine factors relevant in their decision to obtain pediatric, as opposed to general (family) dental treatment, for their children. Parents were asked questions regarding their age, the age and dental treatment history of their children, and the relevance of six factors in their decision to visit the Parsons Center. Overall, "professional/personal recommendation" was the decision factor with the highest average relevance valuation followed by "Spanish-speaking staff," "location," "lack of insurance," "insurance accepted," and "past (patient) traumatic experience." Results suggest the importance of quality care and word-of-mouth recommendations as well as the significance of understanding and serving the needs of one's surrounding population effectively.
ContributorsChinchilla, Ammie Lucero (Author) / Washo-Krupps, Delon (Thesis director) / Bang, Christofer (Committee member) / Arya, Neeta (Committee member) / W. P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2017-05
Description
Student to Student: A Guide to Anatomy is an anatomy guide written by students, for students. Its focus is on teaching the anatomy of the heart, lungs, nose, ears and throat in a manner that isn't overpowering or stress inducing. Daniel and I have taken numerous anatomy courses, and fully comprehend what it takes to have success in these classes. We found that the anatomy books recommended for these courses are often completely overwhelming, offering way more information than what is needed. This renders them near useless for a college student who just wants to learn the essentials. Why would a student even pick it up if they can't find what they need to learn? With that in mind, our goal was to create a comprehensive, easy to understand, and easy to follow guide to the heart, lungs and ENT (ear nose throat). We know what information is vital for test day, and wanted to highlight these key concepts and ideas in our guide. Spending just 60 to 90 minutes studying our guide should help any student with their studying needs. Whether the student has medical school aspirations, or if they simply just want to pass the class, our guide is there for them. We aren't experts, but we know what strategies and methods can help even the most confused students learn. Our guide can also be used as an introductory resource to our respective majors (Daniel-Biology, Charles-Speech and Hearing) for students who are undecided on what they want to do. In the future Daniel and I would like to see more students creating similar guides, and adding onto the "Student to Student' title with their own works... After all, who better to teach students than the students who know what it takes?
ContributorsKennedy, Charles (Co-author) / McDermand, Daniel (Co-author) / Kingsbury, Jeffrey (Thesis director) / Washo-Krupps, Delon (Committee member) / Department of Speech and Hearing Science (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2017-05
Description
Resistant starch is defined as a portion of starch that bypasses breakdown and absorption in the small intestine. Several studies have shown a relationship between resistant starch consumption and decreased postprandial blood glucose. RS3 in particular, is formed when a starch containing food changes its chemical structure after it is cooked and then cooled. This characteristic enables a food to lower its glycemic index after it has been cooled enough to promote retrogradation and can potentially be used as a dietary intervention to control blood glucose in diabetics and individuals with insulin resistance. Although many studies have been done on rice and potatoes, pasta has not been tested as extensively. This investigation examines the effect of RS3 in pasta on postprandial glycemic response in 13 healthy participants. After consuming 2 bagels the night prior and coming in to the lab in a fasted state, the test subjects were given a warm or cold pasta dish to consume. Blood glucose samples were taken at fasting, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes for both the hot and cold dish. Analysis of the results indicated that there was an average of a 4.1 mg/dl decrease in blood glucose at 30 min and a 2.4 mg/dl decrease at 60 min for the cold pasta. This was followed by a 3.9 mg/dl increase at 90 min and 3.3 mg/dl increase at 120 min. Although these results show a small difference in postprandial glucose response, statistical analysis did not deem it significant difference.
ContributorsAnanieva, Mirela (Author) / Johnston, Carol S. (Thesis director) / Washo-Krupps, Delon (Committee member) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
Arizona State University and Banner Thunderbird Hospital have partnered to provide pre-med students with an internship at a local emergency department. Students entering into this program will have access to each patient's vital signs, medical imaging, lab tests, and medications. This access presents students with an opportunity to learn about a variety of tools used in the assessment and treatment of emergency room patients. In order to enhance the amount of knowledge students take away from the program, I created a handbook summarizing a variety of diagnostic tests and medications. The first section of the handbook (assessment) is spilt up into the three following categories: vital signs, medical imaging, and lab tests. The second section (treatment) consists of one category, medications. Each section was written with emphasis on basic physiology, and is intended to provide pre-med students with a foundation for building further medical knowledge. Although this handbook was tailored to the information students are most likely to encounter working in Banner Thunderbird Hospital's emergency department, it is still appropriate for any student interested in learning about emergency medicine.
ContributorsBecker, Bryson (Author) / Orchinik, Miles (Thesis director) / Washo-Krupps, Delon (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
Description
This thesis project examines the nature of aquatic exercise and the applicability and advantages it has for individuals living with a developmental disability. Specifically, this project will be taking a look at the discontinuation of the Red Cross adapted aquatics certification in the early 2000's. This certification was specifically meant for swim instructors to teach those with disabilities. However, this program was cut in 2004 and has not been replaced in the current Red Cross literature, excluding a single chapter of limited scope and does not include in-person training. Therefore, this project is meant to be a multifaceted study of the history, benefits, and limitations of re-instituting this and similar programs that help prepare aquatics teachers to aid individuals with disabilities, specifically individuals living with cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder. The primary goal of this project is to take an understanding of aquatics as a method of healing and apply these findings in order to promote the continued growth of aquatic exercise in a way that will make it more accessible to individuals who may not be able to participate in such an environment otherwise. This paper will also be exploring future endeavors related to adapted aquatics groups, and what steps should be taken to bolster awareness and participation, both through the Red Cross and other organizations. For this project I will be relying not only on current journalistic literature, but also my own experiences as an instructor of Red Cross swimming lessons, and the Sioux Falls based group, Adaptive Aquatics.
ContributorsHansen, Emily Ann (Author) / Collins, Michael (Thesis director) / Washo-Krupps, Delon (Committee member) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-12
DescriptionBest Behaviors is a non-profit organization aimed at reducing euthanasia rates and increasing adoption rates at county shelters. The program focuses on the use of positive reinforcement training and an educating the public about responsible pet ownership.
ContributorsWingler, Victoria Kay (Author) / Washo-Krupps, Delon (Thesis director) / Risley-Curtiss, Christina (Committee member) / Mars, Matthew (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2013-05
Description
Many stressors today are psychological rather than physical and are influenced by the brain's perception of the stressor. The peripartum period is a particularly volatile time that is susceptible to new and stronger stressors. This current study investigates the relationship between self-reported perceived stress levels and physiological cortisol reactivity levels in new mothers at the 12-week postpartum time point. In addition, it examines the relationship between the mother and infants' physiological cortisol reactivity levels at 12-weeks postpartum. This current study is part of a longitudinal study and assessed these two correlations for 181 mother-infant dyads from a low income Mexican American population. The self-reported stress levels were assessed using the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the cortisol reactivity data was gathered using four salivary cortisol samples taken from both mother and infant surrounding 5 interaction tasks and analyzed using Area Under the Curve with respect to ground (AUCg). Unexpectedly, the results found no correlation between perceived and physiological stress levels in the mothers, with a Pearson correlation of 0.114 and a p-value of 0.129. However, there was a positive correlation between mother and infant cortisol reactivity, with a correlation of 0.632 and a p-value less than 0.0001. This early postpartum period plays a significant role in developing HPA axis regulation for infants and developing productive mother-infant interactions. The physiological and psychological risks of chronically elevated stress for both mothers and children were addressed in this study as well, with implications for means to address and mitigate potential cortisol dysregulation.
ContributorsRegan, Emily Nicole (Author) / Washo-Krupps, Delon (Thesis director) / Crnic, Keith (Committee member) / Hanna, Mariam (Committee member) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-05