Matching Items (50)
Description
With the extensive technological progress made in the areas of drives, sensors and processing, exoskeletons and other wearable devices have become more feasible. However, the stringent requirements in regards to size and weight continue to exert a strong influence on the system-wide design of these devices and present many obstacles to a successful solution. On the other hand, while the area of controls has seen a significant amount of progress, there also remains a large potential for improvements. This dissertation approaches the design and control of wearable devices from a systems perspective and provides a framework to successfully overcome the often-encountered obstacles with optimal solutions. The electronics, drive and control system design for the HeSA hip exoskeleton project and APEx hip exoskeleton project are presented as examples of how this framework is used to design wearable devices. In the area of control algorithms, a real-time implementation of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is presented as an alternative approach to extracting amplitude and frequency information of a time varying signal. In comparison to the peak search method (PSM), the FFT allows extracting basic gait signal information at a faster rate because time windows can be chosen to be less than the fundamental gait frequency. The FFT is implemented on a 16-bit processor and the results show the real-time detection of amplitude and frequency coefficients at an update rate of 50Hz. Finally, a novel neural networks based approach to detecting human gait activities is presented. Existing neural networks often require vast amounts of data along with significant computer resources. Using Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) it is possible to distinguish between seven different daily activities using a significantly smaller data set, lower system resources and a time window of only 0.1 seconds.
ContributorsBoehler, Alexander (Author) / Sugar, Thomas (Thesis advisor) / Redkar, Sangram (Committee member) / Hollander, Kevin (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
There has been a decrease in the fertility rate over the years due to today’s younger generation facing more pressure in the workplace and their personal lives. With an aging population, more and more older people with limited mobility will require nursing care for their daily activities. There are several applications for wearable sensor networks presented in this paper. The study will also present a motion capture system using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and a pressure-sensing insole with a control system for gait assistance using wearable sensors. This presentation will provide details on the implementation and calibration of the pressure-sensitive insole, the IMU-based motion capture system, as well as the hip exoskeleton robot. Furthermore, the estimation of the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) from the insole design and implementation of the motion tracking using quaternion will be discussed in this document.
ContributorsLi, Xunguang (Author) / Redkar, Sangram (Thesis advisor) / Sugar, Thomas (Committee member) / Subramanian, Susheelkumar (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
This research proposes some new data-driven control methods to control a nonlinear dynamic model. The nonlinear dynamic model linearizes by using the Koopman theory. The Koopman operator is the most important part of designing the Koopman theory. The data mode decomposition (DMD) is used to obtain the Koopman operator. The proposed data-driven control method applies to different nonlinear systems such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), Worm robots, and 2 degrees of freedom (2 DoF) robot manipulators to verify the performance of the proposed method. For the MEMS gyroscope, three control methods are applied to the linearized dynamic model by the Koopman theory: linear quadratic regulator (LQR), compound fractional PID sliding mode control, and fractional order PID controller tuned with bat algorithm. For the Worm robot, an LQR controller is proposed to control the linearized dynamic model by the Koopman theory. A new fractional sliding mode control is proposed to control the 2 DoF arm robot. All the proposed controllers applied to the linearized dynamic model by the Kooman theory are compared with some conventional proposed controllers such as PID, sliding mode control, and conventional fractional sliding mode control to verify the performance of the proposed controllers. Simulation results validate their performance in high tracking performance, low tracking error, low frequency, and low maximum overshoot.
ContributorsRahmani, Mehran (Author) / Redkar, Sangram (Thesis advisor) / Sugar, Thomas (Committee member) / C. Subramanian, Susheelkumar (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
Multiple robotic arms collaboration is to control multiple robotic arms to collaborate with each other to work on the same task. During the collaboration, theagent is required to avoid all possible collisions between each part of the robotic arms.
Thus, incentivizing collaboration and preventing collisions are the two principles which
are followed by the agent during the training process. Nowadays, more and more
applications, both in industry and daily lives, require at least two arms, instead of
requiring only a single arm. A dual-arm robot satisfies much more needs of different
types of tasks, such as folding clothes at home, making a hamburger in a grill or
picking and placing a product in a warehouse.
The applications done in this paper are all about object pushing. This thesis
focuses on how to train the agent to learn pushing an object away as far as possible.
Reinforcement Learning (RL), which is a type of Machine Learning (ML), is then
utilized in this paper to train the agent to generate optimal actions. Deep Deterministic
Policy Gradient (DDPG) and Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) are the two RL
methods used in this thesis.
ContributorsLin, Steve (Author) / Ben Amor, Hani (Thesis advisor) / Redkar, Sangram (Committee member) / Zhang, Yu (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention report around 29,668 United States residents aged greater than 65 years had died as a result of a fall in 2016. Other injuries like wrist fractures, hip fractures, and head injuries occur as a result of a fall. Certain groups of people are more prone to experience falls than others, one of which being individuals with stroke. The two most common issues with individuals with strokes are ankle weakness and foot drop, both of which contribute to falls. To mitigate this issue, the most popular clinical remedy given to these users is thermoplastic Ankle Foot Orthosis. These AFO's help improving gait velocity, stride length, and cadence. However, studies have shown that a continuous restraint on the ankle harms the compensatory stepping response and forward propulsion. It has been shown in previous studies that compensatory stepping and forward propulsion are crucial for the user's ability to recover from postural perturbations. Hence, there is a need for active devices that can supply a plantarflexion during the push-off and dorsiflexion during the swing phase of gait. Although advancements in the orthotic research have shown major improvements in supporting the ankle joint for rehabilitation, there is a lack of available active devices that can help impaired users in daily activities. In this study, our primary focus is to build an unobtrusive, cost-effective, and easy to wear active device for gait rehabilitation and fall prevention in individuals who are at risk. The device will be using a double-acting cylinder that can be easily incorporated into the user's footwear using a novel custom-designed powered ankle brace. The device will use Inertial Measurement Units to measure kinematic parameters of the lower body and a custom control algorithm to actuate the device based on the measurements. The study can be used to advance the field of gait assistance, rehabilitation, and potentially fall prevention of individuals with lower-limb impairments through the use of Active Ankle Foot Orthosis.
ContributorsRay, Sambarta (Author) / Honeycutt, Claire (Thesis advisor) / Dasarathy, Gautam (Thesis advisor) / Redkar, Sangram (Committee member) / Jayasuriya, Suren (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive optical signal that measures the change in blood volume. This particular signal can be interpreted to yield heart rate (HR) information which is commonly used in medical settings and diagnostics through wearable devices. The noninvasive nature of the measurement of the signal however causes it to be susceptible to noise sources such as motion artifacts (MA). This research starts by describing an end-to-end embedded HR estimation system that leverages noisy PPG and accelerometer data through machine learning (ML) to estimate HR. Through embedded ML for HR estimation, the limitations and challenges are highlighted, and a different HR estimation method is proposed. Next, a point-based value iteration (PBVI) framework is proposed to optimally select HR estimation filters based on the observed user activity. Lastly, the underlying dynamics of the PPG are explored in order to create a sparse dynamic expression of the PPG signal, which can be used to simulate PPG data to improve ML or remove MA from PPG.
ContributorsSindorf, Jacob (Author) / Redkar, Sangram (Thesis advisor) / Sugar, Thomas (Committee member) / Phatak, Amar (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
In today’s modern world, industrial robots are utilized in hazardous working condi-tions across all industries, including the renewable energy industry. Robot control
systems and sensors receive and transmit information and data obtained from the
users. Over the last ten years, unmanned vehicles have developed into a subject of
interest for a variety of research institutions. Technology breakthroughs are redefin-
ing disaster relief, search-and-rescue(SAR) and salvage operations’ for aerial robotic
systems as well as terrestrial and marine ones. A team of collaborative robots is
required for the challenging environments, such as space construction, and disaster
relief. These robots will have to make trade-offs between mobility and capabilities
owing to cost, power, and size constraints. Task execution in numerous areas may de-
mand for robot collaboration in order to optimize team performance. An analysis of
collaborative Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) and Unmanned Ground Vehicle(UGV)
systems is one of the main components of this thesis. UAV/UGV collaborative frame-
works and methods have been presented for reaching or monitoring moving human
targets, a stated set-point for a mobile UGV robot to go to in order to approach
a dynamic target, and actions to take by the UAVs when the mobile UGV robot
is obstructed and cannot reach the target. This method encourages the target and
robot to work together more closely. This is one of the most difficult issues in search
and rescue operations since human targets are seldom found using just land robots or
aerial robots. Finally, the purpose of this thesis is to suggest that the evaluation of
the performance of a collaborative robot system may be accomplished by measuring
the mobility of robots. Even though multi-robot coordination aids in SAR opera-
tions, the findings of the study presented in this thesis conclude that the integration
of various autonomous robotic systems in unstructured environments is difficult and
that there is currently no unitary analytical model that can be used for this purpose.
ContributorsCherupally, SuryaKiran (Author) / Redkar, Sangram (Thesis advisor) / Nichols, Kevin (Committee member) / Subramanian, Susheel Kumar Cherangara (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is currently a leading and growing field of researchwithin the biomedical industry. With its primary use in pulse oximetry and capability
of quickly, non-intrusively, evaluating essential vital signs like heart rate and
oxygen levels. This thesis will explore the literature on new and innovative research
in pulse oximetry. Then introduce PPG signals including how to calculate heart rate,
oxygen saturation, and current problems, mainly focused on motion artifacts. The
development of hardware and software systems using Bluetooth to transmit data to
MATLAB for algorithm processing. Testing different signal processing techniques
and parameters evaluating their effects on algorithm accuracy and reduction of motion
artifact. Using accelerometers to identify motion and apply filters to effectively
reduce minor motion artifacts. Then perform real-time data analysis and algorithm
processing resulting in heart rate and oxygen level calculations.
ContributorsMuhn, George (Author) / Redkar, Sangram (Thesis advisor) / Nichols, Kevin (Committee member) / Subramanian, Susheelkumar (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
This document is the culmination of research into small unmanned Powered Parachute aerial vehicles. This dissertation serves to provide designers of small systems with an approach to developing a Powered Parachute Unmanned Aerial Vehicle system, guiding them through the basic assumptions, dynamics, and control method. In addition, this dissertation aims to generate a reliable and generalized framework of dynamic design and control methods for autonomous Powered Parachute aircraft. The simulation methods in this paper assist in developing a consistent and robust unmanned system for applying Powered Parachutes as an alternative to multirotor or fixed-wing aircraft.The first chapter serves as a primer on the historical applications of small Unmanned Systems and Powered Parachutes and gives an overview of the requirements for building an autonomous Powered Parachutes; the information within this chapter provides justification background for the second chapter on Powered Parachute dynamics. In the dynamics chapter, equations of motion are derived using engineering first principles. This chapter also discusses alternative methods of improving the control and robustness of the Powered Parachute airframe. The dynamics model is used in all further chapters to develop a generalized control system to operate such a model autonomously. Chapter three of this document focuses on developing simulations from the dynamics described in the previous chapter, laying the groundwork for guidance, navigation, and control algorithms ahead. Chapters four and onwards refine the autonomous control of the Powered Parachute aircraft for real-world scenarios, discussing correction factors and minimizing the errors present in current sensor systems. Chapter five covers the development of an additional adaptive controller which uses a Sigma-Pi Neural network integrated into the final control loop. Chapter six develops advanced control methods for the Powered Parachute airframe, including simulations on a novel proposed thrust vectoring method. Finally, chapter seven discusses results accumulated from testing an experimental prototype.
ContributorsFiedler, Brett (Author) / Redkar, Sangram (Thesis advisor) / Sugar, Thomas (Committee member) / Phatak, Amar (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
It remains unquestionable that space-based technology is an indispensable component of modern daily lives. Success or failure of space missions is largely contingent upon the complex system analysis and design methodologies exerted in converting the initial idea
into an elaborate functioning enterprise. It is for this reason that this dissertation seeks to contribute towards the search for simpler, efficacious and more reliable methodologies and tools that accurately model and analyze space systems dynamics. Inopportunely, despite the inimical physical hazards, space systems must endure a perturbing dynamical environment that persistently disorients spacecraft attitude, dislodges spacecraft from their designated orbital locations and compels spacecraft to follow undesired orbital trajectories. The ensuing dynamics’ analytical models are complexly structured, consisting of parametrically excited nonlinear systems with external periodic excitations–whose analysis and control is not a trivial task. Therefore, this dissertation’s objective is to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches (averaging and perturbation, linearization) commonly used to analyze and control such dynamics; and, further obtain more accurate closed-form analytical solutions in a lucid and broadly applicable manner. This dissertation hence implements a multi-faceted methodology that relies on Floquet theory, invariant center manifold reduction and normal forms simplification. At the heart of this approach is an intuitive system state augmentation technique that transforms non-autonomous nonlinear systems into autonomous ones. Two fitting representative types of space systems dynamics are investigated; i) attitude motion of a gravity gradient stabilized spacecraft in an eccentric orbit, ii) spacecraft motion in the vicinity of irregularly shaped small bodies. This investigation demonstrates how to analyze the motion stability, chaos, periodicity and resonance. Further, versal deformation of the normal forms scrutinizes the bifurcation behavior of the gravity gradient stabilized attitude motion. Control laws developed on transformed, more tractable analytical models show that; unlike linear control laws, nonlinear control strategies such as sliding mode control and bifurcation control stabilize the intricate, unwieldy astrodynamics. The pitch attitude dynamics are stabilized; and, a regular periodic orbit realized in the vicinity of small irregularly shaped bodies. Importantly, the outcomes obtained are unconventionally realized as closed-form analytical solutions obtained via the comprehensive approach introduced by this dissertation.
into an elaborate functioning enterprise. It is for this reason that this dissertation seeks to contribute towards the search for simpler, efficacious and more reliable methodologies and tools that accurately model and analyze space systems dynamics. Inopportunely, despite the inimical physical hazards, space systems must endure a perturbing dynamical environment that persistently disorients spacecraft attitude, dislodges spacecraft from their designated orbital locations and compels spacecraft to follow undesired orbital trajectories. The ensuing dynamics’ analytical models are complexly structured, consisting of parametrically excited nonlinear systems with external periodic excitations–whose analysis and control is not a trivial task. Therefore, this dissertation’s objective is to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches (averaging and perturbation, linearization) commonly used to analyze and control such dynamics; and, further obtain more accurate closed-form analytical solutions in a lucid and broadly applicable manner. This dissertation hence implements a multi-faceted methodology that relies on Floquet theory, invariant center manifold reduction and normal forms simplification. At the heart of this approach is an intuitive system state augmentation technique that transforms non-autonomous nonlinear systems into autonomous ones. Two fitting representative types of space systems dynamics are investigated; i) attitude motion of a gravity gradient stabilized spacecraft in an eccentric orbit, ii) spacecraft motion in the vicinity of irregularly shaped small bodies. This investigation demonstrates how to analyze the motion stability, chaos, periodicity and resonance. Further, versal deformation of the normal forms scrutinizes the bifurcation behavior of the gravity gradient stabilized attitude motion. Control laws developed on transformed, more tractable analytical models show that; unlike linear control laws, nonlinear control strategies such as sliding mode control and bifurcation control stabilize the intricate, unwieldy astrodynamics. The pitch attitude dynamics are stabilized; and, a regular periodic orbit realized in the vicinity of small irregularly shaped bodies. Importantly, the outcomes obtained are unconventionally realized as closed-form analytical solutions obtained via the comprehensive approach introduced by this dissertation.
ContributorsWASWA, PETER (Author) / Redkar, Sangram (Thesis advisor) / Rogers, Bradley (Committee member) / Sugar, Thomas (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019