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One of the leading concerns regarding the commercial and military applications of rotary wing powered vehicles is the issue of blade-vortex interaction (BVI) noise occurring during forward descent. This impulsive noise-generating phenomenon occurs due to the close proximity and interference between the main rotor blades and the wake vortices generated

One of the leading concerns regarding the commercial and military applications of rotary wing powered vehicles is the issue of blade-vortex interaction (BVI) noise occurring during forward descent. This impulsive noise-generating phenomenon occurs due to the close proximity and interference between the main rotor blades and the wake vortices generated by the rotor blades from previous revolutions. Throughout the descent phase of a helicopter in forward flight, the rotating blades pass through these induced vortices, thus generating an impulsive "slap" noise that is characteristic of the common sound associated with helicopter flight among the general population. Therefore, parameterization of the variables of interest that affect BVI noise generation will allow for thorough analysis of the origins of the noise and open pathways for innovation that may offer significant improvements in acoustic performance. Gaining an understanding of the factors that govern the intensity of the BVI acoustic signature provides a strong analytical and experimental basis for enhanced rotor blade design.
ContributorsAhlf, Rick James (Author) / Dahm, Werner (Thesis director) / Wells, Valana (Committee member) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor) / School of Sustainability (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-05
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Description

The Micro-g NExT 2019 challenge set out to find a new device to replace the Apollo mission lunar contingency sampler in preparation for the 2024 Artemis mission. The 2019 challenge set a series of requirements that would enable compatibility with the new xEMU suit and enable astronauts to effectively collect

The Micro-g NExT 2019 challenge set out to find a new device to replace the Apollo mission lunar contingency sampler in preparation for the 2024 Artemis mission. The 2019 challenge set a series of requirements that would enable compatibility with the new xEMU suit and enable astronauts to effectively collect and secure an initial sample upon landing. The final prototype developed by the team features a sliding plate design with each plate slightly shorter than the previous. The device utilizes the majority of the xEMU suit’s front pocket volume while still allowing space for the astronaut’s hand and the bag for the sample. Considering safety concerns, the device satisfies NASA’s requirements for manual handheld devices and poses no threat to the astronaut under standard operation. In operation, the final design experiences an acceptable level stress in the primary use direction, and an even less in the lateral direction. Using assumptions such as the depth and density of lunar soil to be sampled, the working factor of safety is about 2 for elastic deformation, but the tool can still be operated and even collapsed at roughly double that stress. Unfortunately, the scope of this thesis only covers the effectiveness of resin prototypes and simulations of aluminum models, but properly manufactured aluminum prototypes are the next step for validating this design as a successor to the design used on the Apollo missions.

ContributorsTinsley, Carly Frances (Co-author) / Kung, Tyler (Co-author) / Barduson, Lucas (Co-author) / Price, Chance (Co-author) / Grewal, Anoop (Thesis director) / Wells, Valana (Committee member) / School of Sustainability (Contributor) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor, Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
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Description

The Micro-g NExT 2019 challenge set out to find a new device to replace the Apollo mission lunar contingency sampler in preparation for the 2024 Artemis mission. The 2019 challenge set a series of requirements that would enable compatibility with the new xEMU suit and enable astronauts to effectively collect

The Micro-g NExT 2019 challenge set out to find a new device to replace the Apollo mission lunar contingency sampler in preparation for the 2024 Artemis mission. The 2019 challenge set a series of requirements that would enable compatibility with the new xEMU suit and enable astronauts to effectively collect and secure an initial sample upon landing. The final prototype developed by the team features a sliding plate design with each plate slightly shorter than the previous. The device utilizes the majority of the xEMU suit’s front pocket volume while still allowing space for the astronaut’s hand and the bag for the sample. Considering safety concerns, the device satisfies NASA’s requirements for manual handheld devices and poses no threat to the astronaut under standard operation. In operation, the final design experiences an acceptable level stress in the primary use direction, and an even less in the lateral direction. Using assumptions such as the depth and density of lunar soil to be sampled, the working factor of safety is about 2 for elastic deformation, but the tool can still be operated and even collapsed at roughly double that stress. Unfortunately, the scope of this thesis only covers the effectiveness of resin prototypes and simulations of aluminum models, but properly manufactured aluminum prototypes are the next step for validating this design as a successor to the design used on the Apollo missions.

ContributorsKung, Tyler H (Co-author) / Price, Chance (Co-author) / Tinsley, Carly (Co-author) / Barduson, Lucas (Co-author) / Grewal, Anoop (Thesis director) / Wells, Valana (Committee member) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor) / Department of Physics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
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Description

The Micro-g NExT 2019 challenge set out to find a new device to replace the Apollo mission lunar contingency sampler in preparation for the 2024 Artemis mission. The 2019 challenge set a series of requirements that would enable compatibility with the new xEMU suit and enable astronauts to effectively collect

The Micro-g NExT 2019 challenge set out to find a new device to replace the Apollo mission lunar contingency sampler in preparation for the 2024 Artemis mission. The 2019 challenge set a series of requirements that would enable compatibility with the new xEMU suit and enable astronauts to effectively collect and secure an initial sample upon landing. The final prototype developed by the team features a sliding plate design with each plate slightly shorter than the previous. The device utilizes the majority of the xEMU suit’s front pocket volume while still allowing space for the astronaut’s hand and the bag for the sample. Considering safety concerns, the device satisfies NASA’s requirements for manual handheld devices and poses no threat to the astronaut under standard operation. In operation, the final design experiences an acceptable level stress in the primary use direction, and an even less in the lateral direction. Using assumptions such as the depth and density of lunar soil to be sampled, the working factor of safety is about 2 for elastic deformation, but the tool can still be operated and even collapsed at roughly double that stress. Unfortunately, the scope of this thesis only covers the effectiveness of resin prototypes and simulations of aluminum models, but properly manufactured aluminum prototypes are the next step for validating this design as a successor to the design used on the Apollo missions.

ContributorsBarduson, Lucas (Co-author) / Kung, Tyler (Co-author) / Price, Chance (Co-author) / Tinsley, Carly (Co-author) / Grewal, Anoop (Thesis director) / Wells, Valana (Committee member) / Tech Entrepreneurship & Mgmt (Contributor) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
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Description

The Micro-g NExT 2019 challenge set out to find a new device to replace the Apollo mission lunar contingency sampler in preparation for the 2024 Artemis mission. The 2019 challenge set a series of requirements that would enable compatibility with the new xEMU suit and enable astronauts to effectively collect

The Micro-g NExT 2019 challenge set out to find a new device to replace the Apollo mission lunar contingency sampler in preparation for the 2024 Artemis mission. The 2019 challenge set a series of requirements that would enable compatibility with the new xEMU suit and enable astronauts to effectively collect and secure an initial sample upon landing. The final prototype developed by the team features a sliding plate design with each plate slightly shorter than the previous. The device utilizes the majority of the xEMU suit’s front pocket volume while still allowing space for the astronaut’s hand and the bag for the sample. Considering safety concerns, the device satisfies NASA’s requirements for manual handheld devices and poses no threat to the astronaut under standard operation. In operation, the final design experiences an acceptable level stress in the primary use direction, and an even less in the lateral direction. Using assumptions such as the depth and density of lunar soil to be sampled, the working factor of safety is about 2 for elastic deformation, but the tool can still be operated and even collapsed at roughly double that stress. Unfortunately, the scope of this thesis only covers the effectiveness of resin prototypes and simulations of aluminum models, but properly manufactured aluminum prototypes are the next step for validating this design as a successor to the design used on the Apollo missions.

ContributorsPrice, Chance Johnathan (Co-author) / Tinsley, Carly (Co-author) / Kung, Tyler (Co-author) / Barduson, Lucas (Co-author) / Grewal, Anoop (Thesis director) / Wells, Valana (Committee member) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor, Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
Description

The objectives of this project are to design a statically determinant load cell mechanism for a prototype tow tank ultimately culminating in the testing of the aerodynamic performance of a Formula One racing car model. This paper also serves as a proof of concept for force data collection for a

The objectives of this project are to design a statically determinant load cell mechanism for a prototype tow tank ultimately culminating in the testing of the aerodynamic performance of a Formula One racing car model. This paper also serves as a proof of concept for force data collection for a full-sized tow tank being developed by Isabella All [8]. The project includes the design and construction of the load cell mechanism which utilizes a load cell to measure the force in a specific member of the mechanism which is then used to determine the semi-lift and drag forces for a given test model. For this specific project, a model of the front-end of an F1 racing car was used for data collection and analysis. It was found that for a short period of time within each test run, constant force data was able to be collected from the load cell which could then be transformed into semi-lift and drag force data. Ultimately, the drag coefficient acting on the model was found to be in the range of 0.9 to 1.3 which somewhat falls in line with the estimated values of 0.7 to 1.0 [1] for F1 racing vehicles. Although the final data collected may not be entirely accurate due to errors discussed in the paper, the ideas presented in this project can be fully realized with some minor changes and adjustments.

ContributorsAnderson, Spencer (Author) / Wells, Valana (Thesis director) / Pathikonda, Gokul (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2023-05
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Description
This paper documents the design, analysis, and construction of a towing tank suitable for experimental studies within a Reynolds number less than approximately 500,000, for test models of varying shape. The design and manufacturing of a towing tank provides Arizona State University with laboratory equipment for experimental fluid mechanics. The

This paper documents the design, analysis, and construction of a towing tank suitable for experimental studies within a Reynolds number less than approximately 500,000, for test models of varying shape. The design and manufacturing of a towing tank provides Arizona State University with laboratory equipment for experimental fluid mechanics. The design consists of a 3-meter-long, 0.5-meter-wide, and 0.8-meter-high cast acrylic tank with aluminum welded-frame supports. There is a pulling mechanism consisting of a belt drive and linear rail guide system that will be positioned on top of the tank. The pulling mechanism is currently in the prototype development stage. The prototype serves as a proof of concept for the final design, as data has been collected and analyzed using MATLAB, resolving the drag force of a submerged test model. This paper demonstrates the design process, prototype development, and construction of the towing tank. The original goal of this research was to answer questions about optimization of a swimmer’s technique by providing strong experimental results and deep analysis of the factors affecting performance. However, there were tasks along the way that shifted the focus from experimentation and analysis to design and manufacturing.
ContributorsAll, Isabella (Author) / Wells, Valana (Thesis director) / Pathikonda, Gokul (Committee member) / Hota , Piyush (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2022-05
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Description
An understanding of aerodynamics is crucial for automobile performance and efficiency. There are many types of “add-on” aerodynamic devices for cars including wings, splitters, and vortex generators. While these have been studied extensively, rear spoilers have not, and their effects are not as widely known. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

An understanding of aerodynamics is crucial for automobile performance and efficiency. There are many types of “add-on” aerodynamic devices for cars including wings, splitters, and vortex generators. While these have been studied extensively, rear spoilers have not, and their effects are not as widely known. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel study was performed to study the effects of spoilers on vehicle aerodynamics and performance. Vehicle aerodynamics is geometry dependent, meaning what applies to one car may or may not apply on another. So, the Scion FRS was chosen as the test vehicle because it is has the “classic” sports car configuration with a long hood, short rear, and 2+2 passenger cabin while also being widely sold with a plethora of aftermarket aerodynamic modifications available. Due to computing and licensing restrictions, only a 2D CFD simulation was performed in ANSYS Fluent 19.1. A surface model of the centerline of the car was created in SolidWorks and imported into ANSYS, where the domain was created. A mesh convergence study was run to determine the optimum mesh size, and Realizable k-epsilon was the chosen physics model. The wind tunnel lacked equipment to record quantifiable data, so the wind tunnel was utilized for flow visualization on a 1/24 scale car model to compare with the CFD.

0° spoilers reduced the wake area behind the car, decreasing pressure drag but also decreasing underbody flow, causing a reduction in drag and downforce. Angled spoilers increased the wake area behind the car, increasing pressure drag but also increasing underbody flow, causing an increase in drag and downforce. Longer spoilers increased these effects compared to shorter spoilers, and short spoilers at different angles did not create significantly different effects. 0° spoilers would be best suited for cases that prioritize fuel economy or straight-line acceleration and speed due to the drag reduction, while angled spoilers would be best suited for cars requiring downforce. The angle and length of spoiler would depend on the downforce needed, which is dependent on the track.
ContributorsNie, Alexander (Author) / Wells, Valana (Thesis director) / Huang, Huei-Ping (Committee member) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-12
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Description
The objective of this project is to design an indraft supersonic wind tunnel that is safe and comparatively simple to construct. The processes and methodology of design are discussed. As with every supersonic wind tunnel, the critical components are the nozzle, diffuser, and the means of achieving the pressure differential

The objective of this project is to design an indraft supersonic wind tunnel that is safe and comparatively simple to construct. The processes and methodology of design are discussed. As with every supersonic wind tunnel, the critical components are the nozzle, diffuser, and the means of achieving the pressure differential which drives the flow. The nozzle was designed using method of characteristics (MOC) and a boundary layer analysis experimental proven on supersonic wind tunnels [5]. The diffuser was designed using the unique design features of this wind tunnel in combination with equations from Pope [7]. The pressure differential is achieved via a vacuum chamber behind the diffuser creating a pressure differential between the ambient air and the low pressure in the tank. The run time of the wind tunnel depends on the initial pressure of the vacuum tank and the volume. However, the volume of the tank has a greater influence on the run time. The volume of the tank is not specified as the largest tank feasible should be used to allow the longest run time. The run time for different volumes is given. Another method of extending the run duration is added vacuum pumps to the vacuum chamber. If these pumps can move a sufficient mass out of the vacuum chamber, the run time can be significantly extended. The mounting design addresses the loading requirements which is closely related to the accuracy of the data. The mounting mechanism is attached to the rear of the model to minimize shockwave interference and maximize the structural integrity along the direction with the highest loading. This mechanism is then mounted to the bottom of the wind tunnel for structural rigidity and ease of access.
ContributorsWall, Isaiah Edward (Author) / Wells, Valana (Thesis director) / Kshitij, Abhinav (Committee member) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
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Description
This project aims to study the relationship between model input parameters and model output accuracy of the Tool for Automation of Computational Aerodynamics of Airfoils (TACAA). The input parameters of study are Mach number and Reynolds number, and inputs are tested through three flight speed regimes and from laminar to

This project aims to study the relationship between model input parameters and model output accuracy of the Tool for Automation of Computational Aerodynamics of Airfoils (TACAA). The input parameters of study are Mach number and Reynolds number, and inputs are tested through three flight speed regimes and from laminar to turbulent flow. Each of these input parameters are tested for the NACA 0012 and SC-1095 airfoils to ensure that the accuracy is similar regardless of geometric complexity. The TACAA program was used to run all simulation testing, and its overall functionality is discussed. The results gathered from the preliminary testing showed that the spread of variable input data points caused data gaps in the transonic regime results, which provided motivation to conduct further testing within the transonic region for both airfoils. After collecting all TACAA results, data from wind tunnel testing was compiled to compare. The comparison showed that (1) additional testing would be necessary to fully assess the accuracy of the results for the SC-1095 airfoil and (2) TACAA is generally accurate for compressible, turbulent flows.
ContributorsKuang, Joyce (Co-author) / Stickel, Hannah (Co-author) / Wells, Valana (Thesis director) / Duque, Earl (Committee member) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05