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Description
Catholic confession is one of the most practiced and well-known religious acts in the world. Although Catholic confession has proven to be an important component in the lives of millions of people, little research has been conducted exploring trust engagement within Catholic confession or the variables that affect one’s willingness to confess. The purpose of this study was to examine Catholic confession and find whether variables such as perception of the sexual abuse within the Catholic Church, ability, benevolence, and integrity of the priest, Catholic Church, and pope, propensity to trust, trust, and intrinsic religiosity have a significant relation with one’s willingness to confess. This study was conducted through a series of anonymous questionnaires, including two measures that were created for the purpose of this study—the Sex Abuse Perception Measure and Willingness to Confess Measure. Linear regressions and correlations were used to analyze relation between variables. Results revealed that the perception one has of the sexual abuse within the Catholic Church is significantly related to the perceived ability, benevolence, and integrity for a priest, Catholic Church, and the pope. Additionally, ability and benevolence had a moderate positive relation with trust in a priest and the pope and benevolence and integrity had a moderate positive relation with trust in the Catholic Church. Surprisingly, there were no significant relations between propensity to trust and trust in the priest, Catholic Church, or the pope. Similarly, there were no significant relations between trust in the priest, Catholic Church, or the pope and one’s willingness to confess. Intrinsic religiosity did have a positive relation with willingness to confess. This study highlights that individual and organizational religious figures possibly have differing origins of trust (ability, benevolence, and integrity). This difference may be related to one’s perception of the sexual abuse that occurred within the Catholic Church.
ContributorsCervantes, Jasmine (Author) / Cohen, Adam (Thesis director) / Presson, Clark (Committee member) / Mayer, Roger (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-12
Description
Alcohol consumption in first-year college students is both prevalent and problematic. Although several interventions have been shown to decrease alcohol consumption in college students, effect sizes tend to be small. Previous programs have focused on reducing risk factors; however, some research has shown potential in bolstering promotive and protective factors. The main objective of the current study was to further our understanding of the use of promotive and protective factors in alcohol prevention and intervention for first-year college students. A sample of 290 college psychology majors were assigned to either a treatment group or the standard curriculum of a first-semester course on achieving academic success. The intervention included activities aimed to increase academic engagement and community engagement, promote healthy minds and bodies, and promote positive social lives, including engagement in alcohol-free social activities. Students completed baseline measures at the beginning of the fall semester of their first year in college and a follow-up near the end of the semester. Analyses examined proximal targets (use of university resources, perceptions of peer alcohol use, academic engagement, school connectedness) and behavioral targets (personal alcohol use and GPA) of the intervention. Analyses demonstrated changes in proximal targets, but no significant effects of the intervention on behavioral targets. Students in the treatment condition utilized more school resources, had lower perceptions of peer alcohol use, and were marginally higher in school connectedness than those in the control condition. This suggests that the use of promotive and protective factors in alcohol prevention and intervention may contribute to attitudes and behaviors that are associated with better academic performance and less engagement in risk behavior. However, no significant changes were found for personal alcohol use or GPA. Future studies involving longer follow-ups and adding a skills-based component are needed to fully evaluate the potential of this approach.
ContributorsBaldevia, Aegia Mari Y (Author) / Corbin, William (Thesis director) / Presson, Clark (Committee member) / Meier, Matthew (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-12
Description
It was hypothesized that information about current romantic involvement could make a male target more attractive to females. A 2 (Gender) X 4 (Romantic Involvement: Current Romance, Past Romance, Friend, and Control) factorial design was created to test competing predictions from scarcity/reactance, impression-formation, and sociobiological perspectives. A total of 235 male and female subjects saw a photograph of an opposite gender target person, then read a brief description about the target that contained one of the three involvement manipulations, or contained no involvement manipulation (Control). Subjects then rated the target along a 14 item scale to measure romantic attraction. ANOVA and MANOVA results revealed main effects of Gender and Romantic Involvement. Simple effects for Romantic Involvement were found for female, but not male subjects. A priori contrasts testing the predictions from the competing theoretical perspectives provided support only for the socio-biological prediction for female subjects.
ContributorsJoanes, Thomas (Author) / Linder, Darwin (Committee member) / Braver, Sanford (Committee member) / Young, Michael Cochise (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created1991-12
Description
Feminism has been the focus of many writers throughout the decades but has recently gained momentum in the eyes of the general public thanks to works like Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale. Feminist figure Hélène Cixous encourages women to empower themselves by applying feminist ideas to their writing, rather than remaining complacent in an oppressive society. Avalon strives to portray some of these ideas through the lens of Arthurian Legend. A feminist story set in an epic fantasy world, Avalon shows the struggle of marginalized groups in a patriarchal, discriminatory, and dystopian society.
The main character, Princess Alexandria, must navigate a world where the all magic is controlled by a power-hungry ruler, King Mordred. After he decides to pursue the Ruins of Kronos in order to gain control over time itself, the princess decides to intervene. Alexandria escapes the palace with her childhood best friend James, to stop him, nearly dying in the process, and finds a group of fairies who have lost their wings. The fairies help her discover the true origins and capabilities of magic, making her realize that she must restore it to the realm in order to stop King Mordred. Alexandria disguises herself as a man and joins the King’s Knights, befriending a rebel in disguise named Keith along the way, as she discovers her brother Noah may be on the King’s side. Together, they work to liberate lands oppressed by King Mordred’s rule, and by the Black Plague that Morgana has set upon them, all while uncovering the corruption present in their society.
The main character, Princess Alexandria, must navigate a world where the all magic is controlled by a power-hungry ruler, King Mordred. After he decides to pursue the Ruins of Kronos in order to gain control over time itself, the princess decides to intervene. Alexandria escapes the palace with her childhood best friend James, to stop him, nearly dying in the process, and finds a group of fairies who have lost their wings. The fairies help her discover the true origins and capabilities of magic, making her realize that she must restore it to the realm in order to stop King Mordred. Alexandria disguises herself as a man and joins the King’s Knights, befriending a rebel in disguise named Keith along the way, as she discovers her brother Noah may be on the King’s side. Together, they work to liberate lands oppressed by King Mordred’s rule, and by the Black Plague that Morgana has set upon them, all while uncovering the corruption present in their society.
ContributorsMucino-Martinez, Gwendolyn (Author) / Moran, Stacey (Thesis director) / Sturges, Robert (Committee member) / Dean, The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Contributor) / Department of English (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
The gut microbiome of many termites consists of a diverse range of protists that aid in the digestion of food particles. One of these families of protists is Oxymonadida. This project focuses on finding the evolutionary relationship between oxymonads and their most recent common ancestor, Trimastigidae, by building phylogenetic trees. This project was important because there is a large amount of species of oxymonads. This is because oxymonads adapt to the particular termite it lives in, and there are many species of termites. Understanding each species relationship helps give more knowledge and insight as to where some of the unknown species may go, even though they may not have DNA sequences yet. One unpublished sequence for Microrhopalodina was used in this paper, which previously had no molecular data available. The trees retrieved in this project had some discrepancies compared to previous studies and found an interesting relationship for Microrhopalodina. Microrhopalodina was included in the Oxymonas clade, indicating a very close relationship between the two species. It may even suggest that Microrhopalodina should be considered part of the species Oxymonas. Furthermore, Streblomastix branched in between Monocercomonoides and Trimastigidae, which is a different result than previous papers have found. Streblomastix was previously found to branch between Blattamonas and Monocercomonoides. The most recent paper on Blattamonas stated that they were unsure what family this species belongs to due to its molecular diversity, but its appearance resembles Monocercomonoides which is part of the family Polymastigidae. The trees produced in this project may indicate that Blattamonas belongs in the Polymastigidae family after all.
ContributorsStotts, Cherise (Co-author, Co-author) / Jasso-Selles, Daniel E. (Co-author) / Gile, Gillian H. (Thesis director) / DeMartini, Francesca (Committee member) / Mee, Evan D. (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
T cells, a component of the adaptive immune system, play an instrumental role in directing immune responses and direct cell killing in response to pathogens and cancers. T cells recognize and signal through the T cell receptor, a protein heterodimer on the surface of T cells. The T cell receptor is a highly variable structure formed via somatic recombination; the structure recognizes peptides presented on the surface of nucleated cells by major histocompatibility complex proteins in a specific receptor-restricted, peptide-restricted manner. This balance between T cell diversity and T cell specificity stands as a barrier to efficacious development of articificial T cell receptors capable of clearing disease. T cell receptors may be tailored to produce pathogen- or cancer-specific immune responses from autologous T cell populations. This necessitates a pipeline for amplification, cloning, and expression of antigen-specific T cell receptors. This study aims to utilize influenza-specific T cell receptor chains from healthy donor T cells to test a model for T cell receptor cloning and expression. This study utilizes Gateway recombination for high-throughput cloning into mammalian expression vectors. This study has successfully amplified and cloned T cell receptor chains from a population of influenza-specific T cells from donor cell transcripts into mammalian cell expression vectors. Additionally, CD8, a coreceptor for the T cell receptor complex, was successfully cloned and inserted into a vector for expression in mammalian cells. Sanger sequencing has confirmed sequences for influenza-specific T cell receptor chains and the CD8 chain. Future application of this project includes expression in mammalian non-T cells to test for efficacy of expression and, ultimately, expression in cytotoxic cells to create lymphocytes capable of antigen-specific recognition and cytolytic killing of cells of interest.
ContributorsVale, Nolan Richard (Author) / Anderson, Karen (Thesis director) / Blattman, Joseph (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
Horror films are typically comprised of three specific features: jump scares, gore, and suspense shots of a shadowy figure creeping up on an unaware victim. These three elements are some of the hallmarks of what defines the horror genre as they are methods that have proven successful in eliciting a bodily response within audience members, which is crucial to a horror movie being considered successful. However, these elements are also very polarizing. Individuals that enjoy horror often like these three things, while those who don’t appreciate the genre often cite over the top gore, distain for jump scares, and the anxiety that accompanies those suspenseful shots as primary reasons for avoiding horror. Due to the fact that those spectators who like horror tend to be in the minority, horror tends to have a very weak crossover appeal, thus limiting the audience interest while also being very unpopular among critics as well.
Interestingly, three recent horror films have achieved both critical acclaim and popularity among all audiences, horror and non-horror fans alike. Get Out, A Quiet Place, and It Follows are all noticeably lacking in the three features that commonly make a horror film “successful”, and yet it would be difficult to argue that they aren't successful horror films given that they have received critical acclaim, impressive box office returns, and have a strong crossover appeal. Therefore, they must use alternative methods to achieve the bodily response of fear that is necessary to be successful in the genre. I argue that these films put the audience member in a position that mirrors what Forced Lacanian Hysteric Neurosis and that this positioning produces the bodily response that is necessary for a horror movie to be successful. This manifestation has the additional benefit of allowing those spectators who do not like the fundamental aspects of horror (jump scares, gore, and suspenseful shots) to find the pleasure of horror without experiencing on-screen events that might cause them notable distress.
Interestingly, three recent horror films have achieved both critical acclaim and popularity among all audiences, horror and non-horror fans alike. Get Out, A Quiet Place, and It Follows are all noticeably lacking in the three features that commonly make a horror film “successful”, and yet it would be difficult to argue that they aren't successful horror films given that they have received critical acclaim, impressive box office returns, and have a strong crossover appeal. Therefore, they must use alternative methods to achieve the bodily response of fear that is necessary to be successful in the genre. I argue that these films put the audience member in a position that mirrors what Forced Lacanian Hysteric Neurosis and that this positioning produces the bodily response that is necessary for a horror movie to be successful. This manifestation has the additional benefit of allowing those spectators who do not like the fundamental aspects of horror (jump scares, gore, and suspenseful shots) to find the pleasure of horror without experiencing on-screen events that might cause them notable distress.
ContributorsStevens, Summer Charis (Author) / Mack, Robert (Thesis director) / Miller, April (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Department of Economics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
This paper looks at case studies, legal journals, and legal commentaries to examine the history of plea bargains and determine how such a practice slowly crept its way into the American judicial system. Next, I discern both the two specific benefits and three disadvantages of utilizing plea bargains in a system that was traditionally renowned for its unique form of adversarial / trial based justice. By analyzing case studies and legal texts, I find that the administrative advantages and cost benefits used to rationalize continued usage of plea deals does not outweigh its extremely negative effects on significant aspects of law and the American legal system. These significant negative effects as a product of the plea bargain are a definitive hindrance to justice and further characterize the system as no longer fair and certainly not equitable. Consequently, I assert that in order to maintain the ethics of the system, plea bargains should be removed. I also generally outline the Philadelphia Bench Trial as a prospective and viable alternative to plea bargains that could act as an intriguing substitute. The Philadelphia Bench Trial represents a highly viable alternative to the plea bargain and consequently preserves many of the advantages plea bargains offer the system without sacrificing the adversarial element necessary to receive correct and accurate verdicts.
ContributorsRimsza, Alex Gill (Author) / Stanford, Michael (Thesis director) / Forst, Brad (Committee member) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Department of English (Contributor) / Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
Background: This paper details the development of screening and education tools for finding Social Determinants of Health (SDH) in Maricopa County’s vulnerable population. SDH is known as structural or physical differences that hinder everyone to have an equal opportunity for improved health, and one of the steps to overcome the differences is through understanding what SDHs are prevalent in the targeted community, so that the community can develop the needed resources. SDH screening process was developed in collaboration with Student Health Outreach for Wellness (SHOW), a student-run organization whose aim is to provide healthcare for underserved populations. SHOW has a unique multi-disciplinary approach of treating each of their patients, and this screening is planned to be implemented during the treatment.
Methods: A literature review was conducted and SDH screening tool were adapted from known SDH screeners, such as Health Leads, PRAPARE, and CLEAR, to fit to the general population that SHOW serves. Training was also developed to educate the student volunteers who will be conducting the SDH screening and included necessary education about the population and the importance of SDH in general. Training materials include a practice scenario, a resources guide, SMART goal sheet, an introduction to the resource guide, and a process flowchart.
Outcomes: This project consists of different versions of screening tools, a training presentation, activities, handouts, and implementation ideas required to succeed in accurate SDH determination.
Methods: A literature review was conducted and SDH screening tool were adapted from known SDH screeners, such as Health Leads, PRAPARE, and CLEAR, to fit to the general population that SHOW serves. Training was also developed to educate the student volunteers who will be conducting the SDH screening and included necessary education about the population and the importance of SDH in general. Training materials include a practice scenario, a resources guide, SMART goal sheet, an introduction to the resource guide, and a process flowchart.
Outcomes: This project consists of different versions of screening tools, a training presentation, activities, handouts, and implementation ideas required to succeed in accurate SDH determination.
ContributorsChung, Min Kyung Rebecca (Author) / Harrell, Liz (Thesis director) / Essary, Alison (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
Background: Vascular brachytherapy (VBT) is an established treatment for the management of in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, whether VBT is associated with improved patient-reported outcomes is unknown and not been previously studied.
Methods: The authors evaluated 51 consecutive patients, age 18 years and older undergoing VBT in one or more coronary arteries from January 2018 to September 2019. Data on baseline characteristics, procedural outcomes, and occurrence of adverse events were obtained. All patients completed the Seattle Angina Questionnaire – 7 (SAQ-7) form before and after the intervention at 1 month and 6 months.
Results: The mean age was 69 ± 9 years and 29 (57%) of patients were males. Most patients had hypertension (n = 44, 86%) and diabetes (n = 29, 57%). The use of aspirin was 90% while 96% of patients were on P2Y12 inhibitors. 48 (94%) patients were on antianginal therapy. The procedural success was 94.1%. The mean summary SAQ-7 score improved significantly (53.2 ± 21 vs. 83 ± 19, p<0.001) at 30-days. The median Quality of Life (QoL) component of the SAQ-7 score at baseline was 31.3 (Interquartile Range [IQR]: 18.8, 62.5) and improved to 82.5 (IQR: 62.5, 100), p<0.001 at 30 days and 87.5 [IQR: 75, 100), p<0.001 at last follow up. Likewise, the median angina frequency component of the SQL-7 score pre-VBT was 55 (IQR: 45, 80) and improved significantly to 90 (IQR: 60, 100) at 30-days, p<0.001 and 100 [IQR: 68.8, 100], p=0.02 at last follow up. Lastly, the median activity component of the SAQ-7 score improved from 83.3 (IQR: 60 – 100) to 100 (IQR: 83, 100), p = 0.01 at 30-days.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated improvement in patient-reported outcome measures following vascular brachytherapy that are evident as early as 1 month after the intervention and sustained at a median follow up of 17 months.
Methods: The authors evaluated 51 consecutive patients, age 18 years and older undergoing VBT in one or more coronary arteries from January 2018 to September 2019. Data on baseline characteristics, procedural outcomes, and occurrence of adverse events were obtained. All patients completed the Seattle Angina Questionnaire – 7 (SAQ-7) form before and after the intervention at 1 month and 6 months.
Results: The mean age was 69 ± 9 years and 29 (57%) of patients were males. Most patients had hypertension (n = 44, 86%) and diabetes (n = 29, 57%). The use of aspirin was 90% while 96% of patients were on P2Y12 inhibitors. 48 (94%) patients were on antianginal therapy. The procedural success was 94.1%. The mean summary SAQ-7 score improved significantly (53.2 ± 21 vs. 83 ± 19, p<0.001) at 30-days. The median Quality of Life (QoL) component of the SAQ-7 score at baseline was 31.3 (Interquartile Range [IQR]: 18.8, 62.5) and improved to 82.5 (IQR: 62.5, 100), p<0.001 at 30 days and 87.5 [IQR: 75, 100), p<0.001 at last follow up. Likewise, the median angina frequency component of the SQL-7 score pre-VBT was 55 (IQR: 45, 80) and improved significantly to 90 (IQR: 60, 100) at 30-days, p<0.001 and 100 [IQR: 68.8, 100], p=0.02 at last follow up. Lastly, the median activity component of the SAQ-7 score improved from 83.3 (IQR: 60 – 100) to 100 (IQR: 83, 100), p = 0.01 at 30-days.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated improvement in patient-reported outcome measures following vascular brachytherapy that are evident as early as 1 month after the intervention and sustained at a median follow up of 17 months.
ContributorsRawal, Sahil (Author) / Gould, Ian (Thesis director) / Sawant, Abhishek C. (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05