Matching Items (132)
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Description
Damage to the central nervous system due to spinal cord or traumatic brain injury, as well as degenerative musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis, drastically impact the quality of life. Regeneration of complex structures is quite limited in mammals, though other vertebrates possess this ability. Lizards are the most closely related

Damage to the central nervous system due to spinal cord or traumatic brain injury, as well as degenerative musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis, drastically impact the quality of life. Regeneration of complex structures is quite limited in mammals, though other vertebrates possess this ability. Lizards are the most closely related organism to humans that can regenerate de novo skeletal muscle, hyaline cartilage, spinal cord, vasculature, and skin. Progress in studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lizard regeneration has previously been limited by a lack of genomic resources. Building on the release of the genome of the green anole, Anolis carolinensis, we developed a second generation, robust RNA-Seq-based genome annotation, and performed the first transcriptomic analysis of tail regeneration in this species. In order to investigate gene expression in regenerating tissue, we performed whole transcriptome and microRNA transcriptome analysis of regenerating tail tip and base and associated tissues, identifying key genetic targets in the regenerative process. These studies have identified components of a genetic program for regeneration in the lizard that includes both developmental and adult repair mechanisms shared with mammals, indicating value in the translation of these findings to future regenerative therapies.
ContributorsHutchins, Elizabeth (Author) / Kusumi, Kenro (Thesis advisor) / Rawls, Jeffrey A. (Committee member) / Denardo, Dale F. (Committee member) / Huentelman, Matthew J. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2015
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Description

In species with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the degradation of one of the sex chromosomes will result in unequal gene expression between the sexes (e.g. between XX females and XY males) and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. Dosage compensation is a process whereby genes on the sex chromosomes

In species with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the degradation of one of the sex chromosomes will result in unequal gene expression between the sexes (e.g. between XX females and XY males) and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. Dosage compensation is a process whereby genes on the sex chromosomes achieve equal gene expression. We compared genome-wide levels of transcription between males and females, and between the X chromosome and the autosomes in the green anole, Anolis carolinensis. We present evidence for dosage compensation between the sexes, and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. When dividing the X chromosome into regions based on linkage groups, we discovered that genes in the first reported X-linked region, anole linkage group b (LGb), exhibit complete dosage compensation, although the rest of the X-linked genes exhibit incomplete dosage compensation. Our data further suggest that the mechanism of this dosage compensation is upregulation of the X chromosome in males. We report that approximately 10% of coding genes, most of which are on the autosomes, are differentially expressed between males and females. In addition, genes on the X chromosome exhibited higher ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution than autosomal genes, consistent with the fast-X effect. Our results from the green anole add an additional observation of dosage compensation in a species with XX/XY sex determination.

ContributorsRupp, Shawn (Author) / Webster, Timothy (Author) / Olney, Kimberly (Author) / Hutchins, Elizabeth (Author) / Kusumi, Kenro (Author) / Wilson Sayres, Melissa (Author) / College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Contributor)
Created2016-11-09
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Description

Interest in circulating RNAs for monitoring and diagnosing human health has grown significantly. There are few datasets describing baseline expression levels for total cell-free circulating RNA from healthy control subjects. In this study, total extracellular RNA (exRNA) was isolated and sequenced from 183 plasma samples, 204 urine samples and 46

Interest in circulating RNAs for monitoring and diagnosing human health has grown significantly. There are few datasets describing baseline expression levels for total cell-free circulating RNA from healthy control subjects. In this study, total extracellular RNA (exRNA) was isolated and sequenced from 183 plasma samples, 204 urine samples and 46 saliva samples from 55 male college athletes ages 18–25 years. Many participants provided more than one sample, allowing us to investigate variability in an individual’s exRNA expression levels over time. Here we provide a systematic analysis of small exRNAs present in each biofluid, as well as an analysis of exogenous RNAs. The small RNA profile of each biofluid is distinct. We find that a large number of RNA fragments in plasma (63%) and urine (54%) have sequences that are assigned to YRNA and tRNA fragments respectively. Surprisingly, while many miRNAs can be detected, there are few miRNAs that are consistently detected in all samples from a single biofluid, and profiles of miRNA are different for each biofluid. Not unexpectedly, saliva samples have high levels of exogenous sequence that can be traced to bacteria. These data significantly contribute to the current number of sequenced exRNA samples from normal healthy individuals.

ContributorsYeri, Ashish (Author) / Courtright, Amanda (Author) / Reiman, Rebecca (Author) / Carlson, Elizabeth (Author) / Beecroft, Taylor (Author) / Janss, Alex (Author) / Siniard, Ashley (Author) / Richholt, Ryan (Author) / Balak, Chris (Author) / Rozowsky, Joel (Author) / Kitchen, Robert (Author) / Hutchins, Elizabeth (Author) / Winarta, Joseph (Author) / McCoy, Roger (Author) / Anastasi, Matthew (Author) / Kim, Seungchan (Author) / Huentelman, Matthew (Author) / Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall (Author) / ASU Health Services (Contributor)
Created2017-03-17
ContributorsFlickinger, Nikolaus (Performer) / Chen, Chia-I (Performer) / Crichlow, Steven (Performer) / Freida, Tamara (Performer) / Speck, Laura (Performer) / Vittal, Alex (Performer) / Alvarez, Nick (Performer) / Garcia, Juan (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created2007-04-01
ContributorsStark, Nathan (Performer) / Hickman, Miriam, 1955- (Performer) / Chen, Chia-I (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created2008-01-28
ContributorsLowry, Sherry (Performer) / Chen, Chia-I (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created2008-11-14
ContributorsKang, Chung Gum (Performer) / Chen, Chia-I (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created2008-03-27
ContributorsJelinek, Miloslav (Performer) / Chen, Chia-I (Performer) / Rotaru, Catalin (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created2008-03-06
ContributorsAnonie, William (Performer) / Hickman, Miriam, 1955- (Performer) / Jang, Jeanie (Performer) / Chen, Chia-I (Performer) / Yu, Heabin (Performer) / Peterman, Jeremy (Performer) / Alvarez, Nick (Performer) / Wang, Liang-Yu (Performer) / Li, Nadia Qing (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created2008-02-27
ContributorsBrichetto, William (Performer) / Chen, Chia-I (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created2010-04-25