Matching Items (285)
Description
Cyanobacteria have the potential to efficiently produce L-serine, an industrially important amino acid, directly from CO2 and sunlight, which is a more sustainable and inexpensive source of energy as compared to current methods. The research aims to engineer a strain of Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 that increases L-serine production by mutating regulatory mechanisms that natively inhibit its production and encoding an exporter. While an excess of L-serine was not found in the supernatant of the cell cultures, with further fine tuning of the metabolic pathway and culture conditions, high titers of L-serine can be found. With the base strain engineered, the work can be extended and optimized by deleting degradation pathways, tuning gene expression levels, optimizing growth conditions, and investigating the effects of nitrogen supplementation for the strain.
ContributorsAbed, Omar (Author) / Nielsen, David (Thesis director) / Jones, Christopher (Committee member) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor, Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
This thesis aims to incorporate exosomes into an electrospun scaffold for tissue engineering applications. The motivation for this work is to develop an implant to regenerate tissue for patients with laryngeal defects. It was determined that it is feasible to incorporate exosomes into an electrospun scaffold. This addition of exosomes does alter the scaffold properties, by decreasing the average fiber diameter by roughly a factor of three and increasing the average modulus by roughly a factor of two. Cells were cultured on a scaffold with exosomes incorporated and were found to proliferate more than on a scaffold alone. This research lays the groundwork for further developing and optimizing an electrospun scaffold with exosomes incorporated to elicit a tissue regenerative response.
ContributorsKennedy, Maeve (Author) / Pizziconi, Vincent (Thesis director) / McPhail, Michael (Committee member) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Ionic liquids boast a wide variety of application as modern electrolytes. Their unique collection of attributes, most notably insignificant vapor pressures, considerable ionic conductivity, and excellent thermal stability, prove ionic liquids excellent candidates for low-temperature electrolyte applications. This project focuses on the development of a low-temperature iodide-based ionic liquid electrolyte for a molecular electronic transducer (MET) seismometer. Based on ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([BMIM][I]), a functional electrolyte system is developed and optimized with addition of organic solvents, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and propylene carbonate (PC), and lithium iodide, showing the promise of operating at excessively low temperatures. The molecular interactions between [BMIM][I] and the organic solvents were classified using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Specifically, the presence of hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl group on the organic solvents and the [BMIM]+ cation were captured. The effect of these interactions on several electrolyte properties were observed, including an extended glass transition temperature (Tg) of -120.2 °C and enhanced transport properties. When compared to the previous formulations, the optimized electrolyte exhibits a broader working temperature range, a higher fluidity over the temperature range from 25°C to -75 °C, and an enhanced ionic conductivity at temperatures below -70 °C as suggested by the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) model. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) confirmed the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte as well as the activity of the I3- / I- redox reaction for the MET sensing technology at room temperature. The presented works not only present a facile strategy of designing low-temperature electrolyte systems via design of molecular interactions, but also support future operations of MET seismometer.
ContributorsMacdonald, Shaun Michael (Author) / Dai, Dr. Lenore L. (Thesis director) / Lin, Wendy (Committee member) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Current methods measuring the consumption of prescription and illicit drugs are often hampered by innate limitations, the data is slow and often restricted, which can impact the relevance and robustness of the associated data. Here, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) was applied as an alternative metric to measure trends in the consumption of twelve narcotics within a collegiate setting from January 2018 to May 2018 at a Southwestern U.S. university. The present follow-up study was designed to identify potential changes in the consumption patterns of prescription and illicit drugs as the academic year progressed. Samples were collected from two sites that capture nearly 100% of campus-generated wastewater. Seven consecutive 24-hour composite raw wastewater samples were collected each month (n = 68) from both locations. The study identified the average consumption of select narcotics, in units of mg/day/1000 persons in the following order: cocaine (528 ± 266), heroin (404 ± 315), methylphenidate (343 ± 396), amphetamine (308 ±105), ecstasy (MDMA; 114 ± 198), oxycodone (57 ± 28), methadone (58 ± 73), and codeine (84 ± 40). The consumption of oxycodone, methadone, heroin, and cocaine were identified as statistically lower in the Spring 2018 semester compared to the Fall 2017. Universities may need to increase drug education for the fall semester to lower the consumption of drugs in that semester. Data from this research encompasses both human health and the built environment by evaluating public health through collection of municipal wastewater, allowing public health officials rapid and robust narcotic consumption data while maintaining the anonymity of the students, faculty, and staff.
ContributorsCarlson, Alyssa Rose (Author) / Halden, Rolf (Thesis director) / Gushgari, Adam (Committee member) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Fermentation and humanity have a very long intertwined history, neither would exist without the other. Fermenting food preserves it so it can survive long beyond its normal shelf life by maintaining an environment that promotes the survival of healthy bacteria and not dangerous ones. Recently, largely thanks to the dawn of social media and the internet, the notion that eating healthily is important has once again come around. Kombucha has taken advantage of this revolution by promoting good tasting probiotics that are easily consumed and incorporated into day to day life. Sauerkraut and other fermented vegetables have not caught on because they are not presented in an easy to use format, there is no variety of flavoring, and consumers have no idea how to start eating it in their daily diet. This is the whole in the market that Fermentation Station is filling.
Normally, sauerkraut is only sold in very large containers that are intimidating to the average consumer. Fermentation Station will solve this issue by selling sauerkraut in small serving size containers or slightly bigger containers for a week long supply. Additionally, Fermentation Station will sell multiple different flavors of sauerkraut. This is necessary to intrigue a younger audience who desires variety and choice
The other place where sauerkraut falls short is that people are unaware of how to incorporate into their day to day meals. To solve this the company social media team has been growing its following on several platforms. By providing easy recipes through these platforms, consumers can see how they too can easily start eating more sauerkraut without actually altering their diet much. To augment the creator, Ryan Conley’s talents, two additional team members were brought on to help with branding and marketing, mostly on social media.
Normally, sauerkraut is only sold in very large containers that are intimidating to the average consumer. Fermentation Station will solve this issue by selling sauerkraut in small serving size containers or slightly bigger containers for a week long supply. Additionally, Fermentation Station will sell multiple different flavors of sauerkraut. This is necessary to intrigue a younger audience who desires variety and choice
The other place where sauerkraut falls short is that people are unaware of how to incorporate into their day to day meals. To solve this the company social media team has been growing its following on several platforms. By providing easy recipes through these platforms, consumers can see how they too can easily start eating more sauerkraut without actually altering their diet much. To augment the creator, Ryan Conley’s talents, two additional team members were brought on to help with branding and marketing, mostly on social media.
ContributorsConley, Ryan Christopher (Author) / Sebold, Brent (Thesis director) / Schoepf, Jared (Committee member) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Evidence of Six Sigma principles dates back as far as the 1800s when normal distributions were first being introduced by Friedrich Gauss. Since then, Six Sigma has evolved and been documented into the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) methodology that is used today. Each stage in the DMAIC methodology serves a unique purpose, and various tools have been developed to accomplish each stage’s goal. The manufacturing industry has developed its own more specified set of methods and tools that have been coined as Lean Six Sigma. The more notable Lean Six Sigma principles are TIMWOOD, SMED, and 5S.
As a case study, DMAIC methodology was used at a company that encourages Six Sigma in all its departments—Niagara Bottling. Ultimately, the company was able to cut its financial losses in fines from customers by over 15% in just a 12-week span by utilizing Six Sigma. In this, the importance of instilling an entire culture of Six Sigma is exemplified. When only a handful of team members are on board with the problem-solving mindset, it is significantly more difficult to see substantial improvements.
As a case study, DMAIC methodology was used at a company that encourages Six Sigma in all its departments—Niagara Bottling. Ultimately, the company was able to cut its financial losses in fines from customers by over 15% in just a 12-week span by utilizing Six Sigma. In this, the importance of instilling an entire culture of Six Sigma is exemplified. When only a handful of team members are on board with the problem-solving mindset, it is significantly more difficult to see substantial improvements.
ContributorsHumphreys, Nicholas Michael (Author) / Dai, Lenore (Thesis director) / Lin, Wendy (Committee member) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Photocurable nanocomposites have great potential within advanced manufacturing, multifunctional materials, and most specifically tissue engineering. The properties and characteristics of these nanocomposites can be tailored to mimic those of various tissues and/or cartilage, allowing the bio-inspired synthetic materials to replace them. This project investigates the effect of methacrylate-functionalized (MA-SiO2) and vinyl-functionalized (V-SiO2) silica nanoparticle loading content on the thermal, mechanical, physical, and morphological characteristics of PEG nanocomposites. It was discovered that both V-SiO2 and MA-SiO2 did not considerably impact the glass-transition temperature or hydrophilicity of the material. The gel fraction of composites containing V-SiO2 decreases with the initial addition of 3.8 wt%, but then displays an increase with further addition (>7.4 wt%) until it reaches a plateau at 10.7 wt%. Whereas, the MA-SiO2 induced no significant changes in gel fraction with increased loading. An increase in mechanical properties was also observed with increasing concentration for both sets of series. However, due to the higher crosslink density, MA-SiO2 reached its ultimate mechanical stress threshold at a lower concentration of 7.4 wt%, while V-SiO2 maxed out at 10.7 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with transmission electron microscopy revealed that V-SiO2 displayed a bimodal size distribution, while MA-SiO2 displayed only one.
ContributorsHocken, Alexis (Co-author, Co-author) / Green, Matthew D. (Thesis director) / Holloway, Julianne L. (Committee member) / Olsen, Bradley D. (Committee member) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Hospital wastewater usually contains high concentrations of pharmaceuticals and other hazardous materials, depending on how waste is disposed of in a hospital. This poses potential health concerns for both the surrounding ecosystem and the contamination of drinking water. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are at the forefront of treating hospital wastewater due to their efficiency in dealing with high concentrations of pharmaceuticals and the relatively small size of the MBR system. Although MBRs are typically the best method of dealing with pharmaceutical-containing wastewater, an MBR is just one of many methods for treating wastewater. Engineers should be consulted to determine which water treatment systems are best for a hospital, depending on the total water usage, required size of the system, and the duration of operation for the system. Sustainable water practices can be implemented in hospitals to reduce the cost and consumption of water. Treating and reusing hospital wastewater with membrane bioreactors significantly reduces the concentration of pharmaceuticals, making hospital wastewater reusable in various parts of a hospital, which lowers the consumption of water. Furthermore, other practices can be used to minimize costs for both MBRs and total water usage within a hospital.
ContributorsSalazar, Steven Adam (Author) / Lind, Mary Laura (Thesis director) / Thomas, Elisabeth (Committee member) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
The tendon-bone junction is essential for allowing humans to transfer mechanical loads during activities. When injury does occur to this important area, current surgical techniques improperly bypass important physical and chemical gradients and do not restore proper function. It is essential to create tissue engineered scaffolds that create proper models for the region and induce healing responses for repair. To advance research into these scaffolds, electrospinning fibers and hydrogels made of norbornene functionalized hyaluronic acid (NorHA) were used to promote bone growth by adhering calcium to the material. To further improve calcium adherence, which is indicative of bone regions, a mineralization peptide was allowed to soak through the fibers. NorHA proved to be a suitable material for biomineralization experiments, showing slow calcium adherence within the first hour before accelerating in adherence over 24 hours in both fibers and hydrogels. When the mineralization peptide was implemented calcium adherence on fibers increased nearly eight times within the first 15 minutes of experimentation.
ContributorsCasey, Nathan Robert (Author) / Holloway, Julianne (Thesis director) / Tindell, Raymond (Committee member) / Fumasi, Fallon (Committee member) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
This research examines the impact of films about corporate scandals stemming from environmental disasters, specifically the film Dark Waters which details the decade-long toxic chemical release by DuPont. It will also explore what distinguishes these kinds of documentary films as successful and if they result in corporate change. Some films about corporate injustices have been successful in shaping viewers’ opinions and have brought about actual changes in targeted corporations’ behaviors. However, in some instances, even though a film may hurt the public image of the corporation, it does not actually affect the operation of the business. The recently released film Dark Waters details the story of the lawyer and farmer behind the lawsuit that exposed the toxic chemical release by DuPont. The film chronicles how the lawsuit revealed how DuPont ignored and even tried to cover up how its chemicals were poisoning its own workers and the surrounding communities. It remains to be seen if this film will result in DuPont actually changing the ways it does business. In this research, I analyze three documentary films involving corporate scandals with environmental ramifications and determine if any changes were made as a result of the films and what aspects of these films caused them to be successful. My findings indicate that there are many factors that dictate whether or not a film is successful in bringing about change at the corporate level. Some of the factors include the type of corporation, how many people the scandal or environmental disaster affected, and where the incidents took place. Also, certain aspects of the film itself such as being directed or produced by well-known and respected directors and producers as well as employing famous actors can make a difference in the film’s overall impact.
ContributorsDelgado, Morgan Elyse (Author) / Ingram-Waters, Mary (Thesis director) / Hines, Taylor (Committee member) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05