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- Creators: Barrett, The Honors College
- Creators: Ravel, Maurice, 1875-1937
Description
All multicellular organisms are susceptible to developing cancer, but some organisms have varying sensitivities to the disease. One such organism is the Trichoplax adhaerens which has no documented case of cancer development. T. adhaerens cancer resistance was studied by observing physiological and morphological changes of the organism after radiation treatment. Preliminary experiments suggested that this organism is able to survive exposure to 160 gray radiation treatment almost as well as untreated organisms. The T. adhaerens have two genes, TriadG6402 and TriadG5479, similar to the human genes TP53 and MDM2 respectively. TP53 and MDM2 are the two main genes associated with apoptosis in humans: an important cell regulatory checkpoint involved in cancer prevention. PCR analysis, done after radiation treatment, showed an overexpression of the ortholog gene MDM2 in the T. adhaerens. This may suggest that T. adhaerens block apoptosis from occurring and that their ortholog gene is involved in DNA repair. It is significant to study the gene expression of TriadG6402 and TriadG54791 in T. adhaerens because these genes are well conserved in humans. Future studies of these genes in the T. adhaerens can be used to understand the evolution of the function of these genes in more complex organisms and be used for human cancer prevention.
ContributorsKulkarni, Arathi (Author) / Fortunato, Angelo (Thesis director) / Maley, Carlo (Committee member) / Department of Economics (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
This thesis investigates the feasibility, development, and accuracy of implementing two inline sets of uniaxial strain gauges for a neurosurgical force sensing suction and retraction (FSSR) instrument to determine force metrics such as magnitude, location, and orientation of applied force in real time. Excess force applied during a neurosurgery could lead to complications for the patient during and after surgery, thus there is clinical need for a quantitative real time tool-tissue feedback for various surgical tools. A force-based metric has been observed to be highly correlated to improving not only surgical training but also the outcome of surgical procedures. Past literature and previous studies attempted to design a force sensing retractor. Although previous investigations and prototypes have developed methods and protocols to detect small magnitude forces applied, they lacked the ability to detect the magnitude of force without knowing the distance of the applied force. This is a critical limitation because the location of a net applied force can vary along a retractor during surgery and is often unseen and cannot be measured during surgery. The main goal of this current investigation is to modify the previous design of the force sensing suction retractor (FSSR) device with a new placement of strain gauges, utilizing a novel configuration of an aligned pair of strain gauge arrangement with only knowing the distance between the pair of gauge sets and the strain data collected. The FSSR was a stainless steel suction tube retrofitted with 8 gauges: two sets of 4 gauges aligned and separated radially by 90 degrees within each set. Calibrations test and blind load tests were conducted to determine accuracy of the instrument for detecting the force metrics. It was found that a majority of 40 variations for the calibration tests maintained a percent difference under 10% when comparing actual and calculated values. Specifically, using calibration test 2 for blind test 2 the orientation yielded a calculated value that was 2.1 degrees different. Blind test 2 for the magnitude yielded a calculated value that was .135 N different, which is a 9.104 % difference. Also, blind test 2 set 1 and set 2 for the location of applied load from set 1 and set 2 yielded a calculated value that was 7.334 mm different, which is an 8.95 % difference for set 1 and a 15.63 % difference for set 2. Possible limitations and errors in the protocol that may have increased the discrepancy between actual and calculated values include how accurate the strain gauges were placed in terms of both alignment and radial orientation. Future work in regards to improving the new FSSR prototype, is to first develop a better method to ensure accurate placement of gauges, both in paired alignment between sets and radial separation within sets. Overall, the clinical considerations for a force sensing tool is aimed at minimizing patient injury during surgery, devices such as the force sensing suction retractor is an example of novel technology that could become a standard technology within the operating room.
ContributorsXu, Jake Johnny (Author) / Buneo, Christopher (Thesis director) / Kelly, Brian (Committee member) / Harrington Bioengineering Program (Contributor, Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze work that I personally contributed to Sun Devil Giving Day and to present the recommendations I have as a result. This thesis will also serve as a guide for next year’s campus activation lead and team. Volunteers, locations, and booths are the three main components that I managed leading up to SDGD. The work within those areas has been detailed throughout the document. Having the opportunity to write and reflect on SDGD has given me the chance to share an experience I had as campus activation lead and to critically think about the work that was completed and my personal lessons for leading similar projects in the future.
The idea of a university-wide giving day is not a new one. Seven year’s ago, ASU and the ASU Foundation set out a goal to incorporate giving as a university tradition. Shifting the student mindset has been no easy task, as building the next generation of philanthropist will continue to take innovative creativity and grit. As the idea of monetary giving increasingly dwindles, it will be annual traditions like Sun Devil Giving Day (SDGD) that will serve as a touch point to educate students, faculty, staff, alumni, and the whole ASU community on the importance of philanthropy, what giving means to them, and how they can make an impact now. With 9,318 gifts and $11,462,634 raised, this year’s SDGD was a success. Outlined throughout are benefits of a giving day, the history of ASU’s SDGD, and current student giving. One of the ways that Sun Devil Giving Day sets out to do this is through campus activation. This includes creating and executing a philanthropic engagement booth that serves as a way for students to interactively think about their giving and what they care about at ASU. Through serving as the Campus Activation Lead, I coordinated the volunteers, campus locations, and the booths leading up to and the day-of the event.
The idea of a university-wide giving day is not a new one. Seven year’s ago, ASU and the ASU Foundation set out a goal to incorporate giving as a university tradition. Shifting the student mindset has been no easy task, as building the next generation of philanthropist will continue to take innovative creativity and grit. As the idea of monetary giving increasingly dwindles, it will be annual traditions like Sun Devil Giving Day (SDGD) that will serve as a touch point to educate students, faculty, staff, alumni, and the whole ASU community on the importance of philanthropy, what giving means to them, and how they can make an impact now. With 9,318 gifts and $11,462,634 raised, this year’s SDGD was a success. Outlined throughout are benefits of a giving day, the history of ASU’s SDGD, and current student giving. One of the ways that Sun Devil Giving Day sets out to do this is through campus activation. This includes creating and executing a philanthropic engagement booth that serves as a way for students to interactively think about their giving and what they care about at ASU. Through serving as the Campus Activation Lead, I coordinated the volunteers, campus locations, and the booths leading up to and the day-of the event.
ContributorsAlibrandi, Amanda (Author) / Mokwa, Michael (Thesis director) / Eaton, John (Committee member) / School of Community Resources and Development (Contributor) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Watts College of Public Service & Community Solut (Contributor) / School of Public Affairs (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
As existing typologies and precedents that integrate music into architectural form don’t pay careful consideration to the composer’s intent and technique of the score into built structure and its program, the goal is propose a new architecture that integrates the site, program, and acoustics. Scenes from Childhood (Kinderszenen), composed by Robert Schumann, depict memories, dreams, hopes, candor, and games- all lost in paradise. Schumann composed the piece as an adult, reminiscing of his childhood. The rising 6th with a four-note falling figure is the main motif. The motif opens the 1st movement, reappears in the 2nd, 4th, and 11th, and is transposed in the 6th, 7th, and 9th. This motif and the implications of each movement, as well as the piece as a whole, became the organizing principle in defining form, program, and experience: a public park wedged between two elementary schools in a low-income neighborhood in Los Angeles, California. The proposal aims to integrate the lack of the two institutions’ music programs into the experience of the 13 pavilions that reflect the 13 movements in Schumann’s piece. The manifestation of the final project was just as important as the process; the program is developed through the score, and the architectural is supported by the musical curriculum as well as Schumann’s intent.
ContributorsKim, Cecile (Author) / Vekstein, Claudio (Thesis director) / Mclean, Elizabeth (Committee member) / The Design School (Contributor) / School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are important limiting or co-limiting nutrients in many aquatic ecosystems. Consumers such as fishes can significantly impact the balance and redistribution of these nutrients through consumer-driven nutrient recycling. Intraspecific variation in nutrient excretion rates can therefore have significant ecosystem impacts. Among individuals of sexually dimorphic consumers, variation in population size structure and sex ratio could potentially have impacts of similar magnitude. We tested for the effects of body size and sex on consumer-driven nutrient recycling by measuring N and P excretion rates from eight species of poeciliid fishes. We found a strong positive effect of size on N excretion rates, as has been previously described among species. However, we found no effect of size on P excretion rates, nor did we find any difference in N or P excretion rates between sexes. Our work provides a preliminary analysis of how sexual dimorphism can lead to disparate nutrient excretion rates within consumer populations. These results indicate that variation in population sex ratios of sexually dimorphic consumers could have impacts at the ecosystem scale.
ContributorsAmbus, Nicholas George (Author) / Jon, Harrison (Thesis director) / Eric, Moody (Committee member) / Jordan, Okie (Committee member) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive adult brain tumor with a devastating median survival time of about fourteen months post-surgery and standard of care therapy with radiation and temozolomide. The low incidence of GBM, cost of developing novel therapeutics, and time cost of clinical trials are dis-incentives to develop novel therapies. To overcome that obstacle, we investigated the efficacy of repurposing four FDA approved drugs known to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), minocycline, propranolol, chlorpromazine, and metformin, to inhibit signaling and metabolism in GBM cells.
Minocycline is a tetracycline class broad spectrum antibiotic commonly used to treat severe acne and other skin infections. Propranolol is a beta blocker type heart medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and irregular heartbeat. Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine antipsychotic usually used for schizophrenia. Metformin is the most widely used first-line oral treatment for type-2 diabetes. Based on a literature survey, minocycline is expected to prevent the phosphorylation of STAT3, a transcription factor downstream of EGFR; propranolol is expected to disrupt EGFR trafficking; chlorpromazine is expected to target the PI3K/mTOR/Akt signaling pathway; metformin is believed to exploit vulnerabilities in cancer cell metabolism, as well as upregulate AMPK against the PI3K/mTOR/Akt pathway.
Efficacy of minocycline in inhibiting EGFR-driven STAT3 activation was investigated using western blot analysis. Our results demonstrate that Minocycline effectively inhibits activation of EGFR-driven STAT3 in U373 glioma cells at 100μM. The ability of chlorpromazine to inhibit the PI3K/mTOR/Akt pathway was similarly tested via western blot, which showed inhibition of phosphorylated Akt and S6 at 10μM. Efficacy of propranolol in perturbing EGFR trafficking was evaluated using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, which failed to depict altered membrane-associated EGFR abundance. Finally, concentration-dependent inhibition of colony formation was tested for all four drugs. Propranolol and minocycline showed potential biphasic stimulatory effects at 10μM, but all drugs inhibited cell growth at 50μM and higher. Efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of GBM is being further evaluated using in vitro neurosphere cultures from patients identified as having the cellular vulnerabilities potentially targeted by these drugs. Successful completion of this project will lead to in vivo efficacy testing of these four drugs in orthotopic GBM PDX models.
Minocycline is a tetracycline class broad spectrum antibiotic commonly used to treat severe acne and other skin infections. Propranolol is a beta blocker type heart medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and irregular heartbeat. Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine antipsychotic usually used for schizophrenia. Metformin is the most widely used first-line oral treatment for type-2 diabetes. Based on a literature survey, minocycline is expected to prevent the phosphorylation of STAT3, a transcription factor downstream of EGFR; propranolol is expected to disrupt EGFR trafficking; chlorpromazine is expected to target the PI3K/mTOR/Akt signaling pathway; metformin is believed to exploit vulnerabilities in cancer cell metabolism, as well as upregulate AMPK against the PI3K/mTOR/Akt pathway.
Efficacy of minocycline in inhibiting EGFR-driven STAT3 activation was investigated using western blot analysis. Our results demonstrate that Minocycline effectively inhibits activation of EGFR-driven STAT3 in U373 glioma cells at 100μM. The ability of chlorpromazine to inhibit the PI3K/mTOR/Akt pathway was similarly tested via western blot, which showed inhibition of phosphorylated Akt and S6 at 10μM. Efficacy of propranolol in perturbing EGFR trafficking was evaluated using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, which failed to depict altered membrane-associated EGFR abundance. Finally, concentration-dependent inhibition of colony formation was tested for all four drugs. Propranolol and minocycline showed potential biphasic stimulatory effects at 10μM, but all drugs inhibited cell growth at 50μM and higher. Efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of GBM is being further evaluated using in vitro neurosphere cultures from patients identified as having the cellular vulnerabilities potentially targeted by these drugs. Successful completion of this project will lead to in vivo efficacy testing of these four drugs in orthotopic GBM PDX models.
ContributorsNeal, Tristan Thomas (Co-author) / Neal, Tristan (Co-author) / Byron, Sara (Co-author) / Dhruv, Harshil (Co-author, Committee member) / Berens, Michael (Co-author) / Wilson, Melissa (Thesis director) / Ferdosi, Shayesteh (Committee member) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
This creative project is a children’s book designed to teach young readers about engineering through a fictional story about a group of children creating a robot for their school’s show-and-tell. The story aims to teach engineering principles to children in a lighthearted and entertaining form, narrating notions such as the design process, prototyping, specialty fields, and repurposing. Other principles such as learning patience, compromise and teamwork are also conveyed throughout the plot details. Small life lessons that transcend the realm of engineering are also embodied throughout. The plot of the story is a young girl who goes to visit her grandfather who is a garage tinkerer with a love of spare parts. He tells her about his job as a robotics engineer, and she loves it. She goes and tells her friends who decide they want to make a robot for show-and-tell at school. The grandfather agrees to help them build a robot and thus the group of kids are walked through the engineering design process, learning new things (and specialization) along the way. The story ends by revealing that the whole story was a flashback the main character was having as she is about to start her first day at an engineering firm.
ContributorsReed, Shelby Marie (Author) / Oberle, Eric (Thesis director) / Williams, Wendy (Committee member) / Engineering Programs (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
This project is a visual presentation on the value of music education in public schools. With cutbacks in funding for education, arts programs such as orchestra or band are often the first to face budget restrictions or be eliminated altogether. Many schools and administrators deem arts programs as less essential to a student’s education because they do not directly teach core subjects such as math, science or reading. This project explains why reducing or eliminating funding for arts programs is ultimately detrimental to students. A high quality musical education brings great developmental benefits in a variety of skills such as language development, memory learning and special understanding. Students trained in music also have shown higher scores on standardized tests. Additionally, music programs provide a creative outlet for students that can help relieve stress and provide an opportunity for personal expression and a sense of identity. This project is organized into three sections. Part I discusses the lack of funding for fine arts programs in schools and the affordability of playing a stringed instrument. Part II dives into the academic, cognitive and behavioral benefits of an education in music. Finally, Part III discusses potential solutions to the problem and showcases examples of out-of-school music programs. The final form of the project is displayed online through a program called Readymag, a digital tool for presenting projects, which allows for the written aspect of the project to fall seamlessly with the visual component. The visual component of the project is made of photographs captured on site at interviews, performances and practices, as well as in a studio.
ContributorsAtzenweiler, Stella Alexander (Author) / Dolin, Penny (Thesis director) / Buck, Nancy (Committee member) / Graphic Information Technology (Contributor, Contributor) / School of Art (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
Axon Enterprise, Inc. is a publicly traded company founded in Scottsdale, Arizona in 1993. The company went public on June 7th, 2001. The inspiration for this topic is our interest in equity research. We believe that understanding how to fundamentally research a company is not only beneficial for our careers, but for our own personal financial learning. One thing that stood out about Axon was its dominant control of the stun gun market. Axon captures around 90%.. Because of this, we wanted to dive deeper. Surely, this has to be a good investment. What company owns almost all of the market share but isn’t a good investment? In our heads, none. But that wasn’t enough. We wanted to dive deeper and examine the fundamental business mechanisms of the firm to determine for ourselves why this is, and why we believe the company really does have tremendous growth potential. By connecting with Axon executives, developing an investment thesis, and understanding the fundamental business drivers behind Axon, we will develop a thorough understanding of Axon’s financial standing. Our goals; fundamental analysis of Axon, determine a one year price target, convince readers that Axon is a rewarding and appealing investment opportunity.
ContributorsGreife, Torsten Markus (Co-author) / Bailey, Eric (Co-author) / Budolfson, Arthur (Thesis director) / Licon, Lawrence (Committee member) / Department of Supply Chain Management (Contributor) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
The Psyche mission is based in a search for knowledge, to understand more about our Earth, our solar system, and the Universe. If scientists are right, we’ll be able to get a glimpse of the Earth’s inner workings unlike we’ve ever seen before. Educating ourselves and pursuing new knowledge is incredibly important - never stop exploring and never stop asking questions. Patagonia and Psyche share the same values. They care about people, the planet and both strive for a better world everyday. Be it through the advancement of knowledge or the efforts here on earth to better the lives of millions. Together we can excite the public about this mission, engender curiosity, and tie both stars above us to the earth below us.Our campaign is titled “Education through Exploration”, and we hope it engenders curiosity in everyone. This campaign includes a variety of different assets including huge banners for marketing ,a mini documentary about why we choose Patagonia, and a clothing line to excite the public about the Psyche mission. With the Patagonia + Psyche collaboration we wanted to release a Psyche inspired clothing line to help promote the mission. Some of Patagonia’s top selling items would be released in limited edition Psyche colors and a portion of the proceeds would help support STEM education. We hope that buying these products would help educate the importance of space and earth exploration and STEM education and research. Concern that results from outdoor recreation can lead to increased involvement in environmental issues.
ContributorsOzair, Daniella Leah (Co-author) / Peterson, Kyle (Co-author) / Sanft, Alfred (Thesis director) / Montgomery, Eric (Committee member) / The Design School (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05