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- Creators: Barrett, The Honors College
Description
A meta-synthesis consisting of 10 research studies exploring the perspectives of adolescents receiving psychiatric treatment in relation to treatment adherence was conducted. Current literature indicates several factors contributing to partial or non-adherence to pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic treatment, as well as a need for further research to be conducted. Adolescents are a particularly vulnerable population to mental health conditions. Often symptoms of mental health conditions are present during childhood and adolescence, though they are not addressed until adulthood. Early intervention and prevention of the worsening of symptoms increases the likelihood of positive health outcomes. It is imperative that nursing staff understand the experience of this population in order to provide patient-centered care. Literature was thoroughly searched using the terms 'qualitative', 'adolescents', 'adherence', and 'psychiatric'. The following databases were used during the literature search: PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Noblit and Hare’s 1988 comparative method of synthesizing qualitative studies guided the inquiry. Collectively, the 10 studies yielded a sample size of 415 participants. Overarching themes were generated to reflect the patient experience of adolescents receiving mental health care services. The themes identified were autonomy, ostrification, therapeutic intervention, and identity. The theme of autonomy related to the adolescents’ desire to control their care and treatment plan. In regards to ostrification, several adolescents reported feeling isolated during treatment. Therapeutic intervention related to the variety of factors that influenced an adolescent’s commitment to pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment. Identity referred to adolescents’ struggle with self-concept after being diagnosed with a mental health condition. It is noted that variation was present throughout the studies identified to meet inclusionary criteria, and these variations were expressed within the findings.
ContributorsShepard, Reganne (Author) / Fries, Kathleen (Thesis director) / Walker, Beth (Committee member) / Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
This study aims to examine how the use of consensus-based transactions, smart contracts,and interoperability, provided by blockchain, may benefit the blood plasma industry. Plasmafractionation is the process of separating blood into multiple components to garner benefitsof increased lifespan, specialized allocation, and decreased waste, thereby creating a morecomplex and flexible supply chain. Traditional applications of blockchain are developed onthe basis of decentralization—an infeasible policy for this sector due to stringent governmentregulations, such as HIPAA. However, the trusted nature of the relations in the plasmaindustry’s taxonomy proves private and centralized blockchains as the viable alternative.Implementations of blockchain are widely seen across pharmaceutical supply chains to combatthe falsification of possibly afflictive drugs. This system is more difficult to manage withblood, due to the quick perishable time, tracking/tracing of recycled components, and thenecessity of real-time metrics. Key attributes of private blockchains, such as digital identity,smart contracts, and authorized ledgers, may have the possibility of providing a significantpositive impact on the allocation and management functions of blood banks. Herein, we willidentify the economy and risks of the plasma ecosystem to extrapolate specific applications forthe use of blockchain technology. To understand tangible effects of blockchain, we developeda proof of concept application, aiming to emulate the business logic of modern plasma supplychain ecosystems adopting a blockchain data structure. The application testing simulates thesupply chain via agent-based modeling to analyze the scalability, benefits, and limitations ofblockchain for the plasma fractionation industry.
ContributorsVallabhaneni, Saipavan K (Author) / Boscovic, Dragan (Thesis director) / Kellso, James (Committee member) / Department of Information Systems (Contributor) / Department of Supply Chain Management (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Ciao is a product and digital application that allows people with celiac disease to gain control over their health as well as lead a more freeing life. The product is a compact cooking set that keeps utensils safe from the common cross-contamination that can be life-threatening to a person with celiac disease. The application allows people to find new restaurants that will be safe for them to eat at, scan the barcode of common food products for 8 of the most common allergens, and provide the most up to date research about celiac disease. Within the app, they can also find a sense of community by connecting with other members.
ContributorsBodney, Anna Claire (Author) / Bacalzo, Dean (Thesis director) / Shin, Dosun (Committee member) / Dean, Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / The Design School (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Although the indigenous populations of the United States experience substantial disparities in health outcomes, little information is available regarding barriers to their access to specifically baby friendly hospitals and baby friendly services in the United States. Access is important because indigenous patients, especially women, have higher infant mortality and childhood obesity than their white counterparts.
This systematic review seeks to uncover potential barriers to baby friendly hospital services for indigenous patients in the United States. This systematic review analyzed the current literature from select databases published between 2000 and 2020 and narrowed literature down into studies deemed relevant because of their focus on the BFHI or equivalent and on indigenous patients. 303 studies were found using a specialized search string and then after evaluation under exclusion and inclusion criteria, 21 were identified for use in this review.
Analysis of these selected studies revealed trends of barriers as well as disparities in indigenous participation in current research. The conclusion of this review is that baby friendly and its “Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding” must be altered to allow for implementation in different cultural settings, especially for indigenous patients. Additionally, there is a need for additional research that focuses on indigenous patients in this setting and is written by members of that community. Increased representation from this community will enhance future work towards deconstructing the barriers preventing indigenous patients to access BFHI resources.
This systematic review seeks to uncover potential barriers to baby friendly hospital services for indigenous patients in the United States. This systematic review analyzed the current literature from select databases published between 2000 and 2020 and narrowed literature down into studies deemed relevant because of their focus on the BFHI or equivalent and on indigenous patients. 303 studies were found using a specialized search string and then after evaluation under exclusion and inclusion criteria, 21 were identified for use in this review.
Analysis of these selected studies revealed trends of barriers as well as disparities in indigenous participation in current research. The conclusion of this review is that baby friendly and its “Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding” must be altered to allow for implementation in different cultural settings, especially for indigenous patients. Additionally, there is a need for additional research that focuses on indigenous patients in this setting and is written by members of that community. Increased representation from this community will enhance future work towards deconstructing the barriers preventing indigenous patients to access BFHI resources.
ContributorsLindsey, Alyssa Estela (Author) / Schuster, Roseanne (Thesis director) / Hinde, Katie (Committee member) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor) / Department of English (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a treatment for hematologic malignancies. The procedure poses multiple medical risks ranging from infection to graft-versus-host disease. Patients must designate a full-time informal caregiver, typically a family member. Caregivers assume multiple medical and logistical responsibilities. Distress and burden are common. Psychosocial interventions, including narrative-based interventions, may offer support for caregivers. This thesis makes use of data collected as part of a digital storytelling intervention for HCT caregivers. Participants were 6 caregivers of HCT survivors who participated in a 3-day digital storytelling workshop, culminating in the creation of a personal story about their experience as a caregiver in the form of a video with narration in their own voice. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC, 2015) was used to characterize content of the stories. Compared to norms (base rates of word usage provided by the LIWC developers), caregivers used more first-person plural pronouns. Such use of we-talk may indicate caregiver-patient dyadic strength given other research linking we-talk to communal coping. Counter to prediction, caregivers did not differ from norms with respect to use of negative affect words or cognitive process words. They did, however, use more biological process words (to be expected given their focus on health) and more words indicative of affiliation (understandable in light of their interpersonal connection to the patient and supportive care role). Further research is needed to examine potential change in linguistic content across the HCT trajectory (from pre-transplant through long-term survivorship), also to compare caregiver and patient stories.
ContributorsPark, Jiwon Daniel (Author) / Langer, Shelby (Thesis director) / Kim, Sunny (Committee member) / Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Hypoxia-responses help coordinate the growth of oxygen-transporting tissues with the growth of other tissues during development. In Drosophila, hypoxia strongly affects development with flies being reared in a low oxygen environment showing smaller body sizes and diminished tracheal growth. The primary regulator of cellular hypoxic-responses is the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and under normoxic conditions, HIF-alpha is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) on a proline residue inside the alpha leading to the proteins proteasome degradation downstream. However, in response to reduced oxygen, cells accumulate HIF- alpha, which then joins with the constituent HIF-beta in the cytosol, forming a HIF- alpha/beta heterodimer. Which, in turn, enters the nucleus and binds to hypoxic response elements, activating the hypoxic response genes. Hyperoxia has recently been shown to stimulates metabolic rates only at the last stage Drosophila's larval development (L3), indicating oxygen limitation occurs towards the end of development. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was added to the oxygen-dependent domain of Drosophila HIF- Alpha (Sima) and a monomeric red fluorescent protein with a nuclear localization signal (mRFP-nls) was added to a protein under the same ubiquitin-69E promoter but is not affected by changing O2 levels. Using a Leica SP5 AOBS Spectral Confocal, third instar larvae were analyzed at the cellular level with attention focused on HIF- signaling in the central nervous system (CNS). L3 Drosophila were divided into groups of 0-12h, 12-24h, 24-48h, and 48-60h corresponding to their development. In each group, flies were either treated for 10-12 hours in 5% O2 or were left normoxic before fixation. What was overwhelmingly found is that HIF-signaling was most prominent during their early development (0-12h), with a significant decline as age increased (P=<0.001). There was also an observed hypoxic effect as animals treated in lower oxygen concentrations had significantly higher HIF signaling (P=<0.001). However, this effect still declines as larvae continued developing. This data supports the idea that internal hypoxia does not become severe during late third instar growth but may occur during the actual molt of the flies.
ContributorsWerkhoven, Simon (Author) / Harrison, Jon (Thesis director) / VandenBrooks, John (Committee member) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Mediated by the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), the hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), is known to regulate expression of genes impacting calcium and phosphorus metabolism, the immune system, and behavior. Urolithin A (UA), a nutrient metabolite derived from pomegranate, possibly acting through AMP kinase (AMPK) signaling, supports longevity in C. elegans by inducing oxidative damage-reversing genes. We show herein that UA enhances transcriptional actions of 1,25D driven by co-transfected vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs), and dissection of this genomic effect in cell culture reveals: 1) UA concentration-dependency, 2) occurrence with isolated natural VDREs, 3) nuclear receptor selectivity for VDR over ER, LXR and RXR, and 4) significant 8- to 13-fold UA-augmentation of 1,25D-dependent mRNA encoding the widely expressed 1,25D-detoxification enzyme, CYP24A1, a benchmark vitamin D target gene. Relevant to potential behavioral effects of vitamin D, UA elicits enhancement of 1,25D-dependent mRNA encoding tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2), the serotonergic neuron-expressed initial enzyme in tryptophan metabolism to serotonin. Employing quantitative real time-PCR, we demonstrate that TPH2 mRNA is induced 1.9-fold by 10 nM 1,25D treatment in culture of differentiated rat serotonergic raphe (RN46A-B14) cells, an effect magnified 2.5-fold via supplementation with 20 mM UA. This potentiation of 1,25D-induced TPH2 mRNA by UA is followed by a 3.1- to 3.7-fold increase in serotonin concentration in culture medium from the pertinent neuronal cell line, RN46A-B14. These results are consistent with the concept that two natural nutrient metabolites, UA from pomegranate and 1,25D from sunlight/vitamin D, likely acting via AMPK and VDR, respectively, cooperate mechanistically to effect VDRE-mediated regulation of gene expression in neuroendocrine cells. Recent evidence also suggests that vitamin D may possess antioxidant activity, especially in the presence of certain nutraceuticals such as curcumin or UA. The transcription factor, Nrf-2, controls the expression of antioxidant response target genes. We also investigated the potential relationship between vitamin D signaling and the Nrf-2 protein. The activity of the vitamin D receptor was evaluated in the presence of variant Nrf-2 levels and multiple concentrations of 1,25D and UA to assess possible crosstalk in regulation of anti-oxidation pathways. Taken together, the results presented herein suggest that over the course of evolution, derivatives of two environmental factors, namely sunlight and pomegranate, appear to have been co-opted for their ability to support the serotonergic nervous system and perhaps to regulate anti-oxidation pathways.
ContributorsLivingston, Sarah (Author) / Jurutka, Peter W. (Thesis director) / Mallick, Sanchita (Committee member) / Whitfield, Graham K. (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system (LC-NE) has been argued to play a vital role in task engagement and attention control by the adaptive gain theory (Aston-Jones & Cohen, 2005). One of the central claims of this theory is that tonic LC activity exhibits a quadratic relationship with task performance. Pupil dynamics have been correlated to LC-NE activity via primate intracranial recordings in ways that provide evidence for the adaptive gain theory. Due to the small size and location of the LC, less is known about LC functioning in humans, leading to a desire to find valid, noninvasive psychophysiological proxies to study this structure. In this paper we performed a replication of Murphy, Robertson, Balsters, & O’Connell (2011) to gather evidence on whether pupil fluctuations and the P3 event-related potential are viable markers for measuring tonic and phasic LC-NE activity in humans. A sample of 33 subjects from the Arizona State University human subjects pool provided usable electroencephalogram and pupillometry data collected during an auditory oddball task. Our analyses largely correspond with those found in Murphy et al. (2011) showing some evidence that pupillometry and P3 can be utilized when studying the LC. Moving forward we will reproduce the full set of analyses from Murphy et al. (2011) with our dataset.
ContributorsStrayer, Deanna L. (Author) / Brewer, Gene (Thesis director) / Robison, Matthew (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
The objective of this project was to research and experimentally test methods of localization, waypoint following, and actuation for high-speed driving by an autonomous vehicle. This thesis describes the implementation of LiDAR localization techniques, Model Predictive Control waypoint following, and communication for actuation on a 2016 Chevrolet Camaro, Arizona State University’s former EcoCAR. The LiDAR localization techniques include the NDT Mapping and Matching algorithms from the open-source autonomous vehicle platform, Autoware. The mapping algorithm was supplemented by that of Google Cartographer due to the limitations of map size in Autoware’s algorithms. The Model Predictive Control for waypoint following and the computer-microcontroller-actuator communication line are described. In addition to this experimental work, the thesis discusses an investigation of alternative approaches for each problem.
ContributorsCopenhaver, Bryce Stone (Author) / Berman, Spring (Thesis director) / Yong, Sze Zheng (Committee member) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Engineering Programs (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
This research evaluates the capabilities of typical radiological measures and dual-energy systems to differentiate common kidney stones materials: uric acid, oxalates, phosphates, struvite, and cystine. Two different X-ray spectra (80 kV and 120 kV) were applied and the dual-energy ratio of individual kidney stones was used to figure out the discriminability of different materials. A CT cross-section with a prospective kidney stone was analyzed to see the capabilities of such a technique. Typical radiological measures suggested that phosphates and oxalate stones can be distinguished from uric acid stones while dual-energy seemed to prove similar effectiveness.
ContributorsDelafuente, Nicholas William (Author) / Rez, Peter (Thesis director) / Alarcon, Ricardo (Committee member) / Department of Physics (Contributor) / Economics Program in CLAS (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05