Matching Items (28)
Filtering by
- Member of: Theses and Dissertations
Description
This study investigates the relation between credit supply competition among banks and their clients’ conditional accounting conservatism (i.e., asymmetric timely loss recognition). The Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act (IBBEA) of 1994 permits banks and bank holding companies to expand their business across state lines, introducing a positive shock to credit supply competition in the banking industry. The increase in credit supply competition weakens banks’ bargaining power in the negotiation process, which in turn may weaken their ability to demand conservative financial reporting from borrowers. Consistent with this prediction, results show that firms report less conservatively after the IBBEA is passed in their headquartered states. The effect of the IBBEA on conditional conservatism is particularly stronger for firms in states with a greater increase in competition among banks, firms whose operations are more concentrated in their headquarter states, firms with greater financial constraints, and firms subject to less external monitoring. Robustness tests confirm that the observed decline in conditional conservatism is causally related to the passage of IBBEA. Overall, this study highlights the impact of credit supply competition on financial reporting practices.
ContributorsHuang, Wei (Author) / Li, Yinghua (Thesis advisor) / Huang, Xiaochuan (Committee member) / Kaplan, Steve (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2018
Description当前，上市公司的盈余管理问题已是我国资本市场中普遍存在的突出问题。一般来说，一些企业为了满足资本市场对于上市、增发等条件的要求,以及为有效推动企业的并购、重组等行为的顺利实现,甚至为了谋求公司管理层的个别利益,往往运用盈余管理等举措实施公司财报及关键指标的粉饰修正，让不知情的股民蒙受一定的损失。普遍分析显示，我国股市中民营企业比其他企业遭遇的问题和压力更多、更大、更突出,因此民营企业从客观上来说拥有更强的盈余管理动机。而从当前我国资本市场的实际情况来看，我国相关专家学者对盈余管理的系统性深入研究，一般都瞄准了上市企业群体或持续亏损企业，对盈余管理的研究不系统、不全面、不深入，这将对我国进一步提升盈余管理监管水平构成一定不利影响。当前，由于我国民企在自身管理及发展动力方面的特殊性,我国民企的管理、盈余管理特点和国外上市公司还存在着很大的不同,进一步深入研究我国民企上市公司自身管理方面的突出特点，以及其对企业盈余管理等方面的深层次影响,有助于监管层对症下药，更有针对性地研究出台全新的监管措施,进一步提升管理水平。这还可以为公司发展的决策层及相关会计信息使用人员提供一定的决策参考, 因此其拥有十分重要的意义。
本文首先认真总结分析了有关上市企业治理结构和盈余管理等方面的历史文献资料，依托当前资本市场上普遍运用的委托代理、内部人控制和契约等理论，系统研究了我国民企上市公司在自身治理结构方面的突出特征以及其对盈余管理方面所构成影响的深层次原理。在此基础上，本文通过2015-2017年我国上市企业数据，基于截面Jones模型对民营企业和非民营企业盈余管理程度进行测算和比较分析，发现民营企业盈余管理程度更高；从四个层面系统研究民企公司自身的治理结构突出特点,设立回归模型论证了民营企业独特的公司治理结构特征对盈余管理程度确实会产生影响；最后,本文进一步利用修正的费尔萨姆一奥尔森估价模型对民营上市公司盈余管理有公司价值的关系进行了验证，发现两者具有显著相关性。
本文首先认真总结分析了有关上市企业治理结构和盈余管理等方面的历史文献资料，依托当前资本市场上普遍运用的委托代理、内部人控制和契约等理论，系统研究了我国民企上市公司在自身治理结构方面的突出特征以及其对盈余管理方面所构成影响的深层次原理。在此基础上，本文通过2015-2017年我国上市企业数据，基于截面Jones模型对民营企业和非民营企业盈余管理程度进行测算和比较分析，发现民营企业盈余管理程度更高；从四个层面系统研究民企公司自身的治理结构突出特点,设立回归模型论证了民营企业独特的公司治理结构特征对盈余管理程度确实会产生影响；最后,本文进一步利用修正的费尔萨姆一奥尔森估价模型对民营上市公司盈余管理有公司价值的关系进行了验证，发现两者具有显著相关性。
ContributorsChen, Hui (Author) / Shen, Wei (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Huang, Xiaochuan (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
The goal of the International Rescue Committee (IRC, created by Albert Einstein in 1933) is to serve those “whose lives and livelihoods are shattered by conflict and disaster to survive, recover, and gain control of their future,” (6), by providing victims of humanitarian crises with health care, education, and counseling. The IRC of Phoenix branch holds this same mission through the services it provides to the refugees of the Phoenix area. One important need that is not currently met by the IRC of Phoenix is the special health care needs of pregnant refugee women. The IRC of Phoenix is seeking funds to initiate a new “Prenatal Care Program” to meet the needs of the 40 or so pregnant refugees who come to our area each year.
This new program will build upon the existing programs currently provided by the IRC of Phoenix, including support in areas of resettlement, finance, community integration, and health. The objectives of this new prenatal-focused program are to serve the needs of pregnant refugee women by providing the physical and emotional support they need through partnerships with hospitals (such as Saint Joseph’s Hospital) and organizations (such as the Refugee Women’s Health Clinic of Phoenix).
The target audience includes women who seek refuge in the Phoenix area in the midst of a pregnancy, or with the intention to become pregnant and who are receiving other services from the IRC of Phoenix. This grant will fund a prenatal care caseworker position for as long as there are incoming funds and pregnant refugee women in Phoenix. The prenatal care caseworker’s duties include:
● Monitoring the overall health of pregnant refugee women assisted by the IRC of Phoenix
● Expanding access to prenatal care for pregnant refugee women
● Connecting pregnant refugee women with necessary information on healthy pregnancies and introducing them to childcare programs that the IRC of Phoenix currently provides
● Creating and maintaining strong relationships with hospitals and health care facilities
● Accompanying pregnant refugee women to medical appointments as needed
● Participating in all other duties necessary to ensure the safe pregnancy of refugee women under the care of the IRC of Phoenix
To evaluate the success of the program, the IRC of Phoenix will monitor the number of pregnant refugee women seeking help and monitor health to see how the women are being served and the number of these women who are fully served based on the above objectives. The required grant money needed each year amounts to $40,000. A multi-year commitment of at least five years is expected. This funding represents the annual salary of the newly hired caseworker, and the IRC of Phoenix will be covering administration costs, supplies, and equipment.
This new program will build upon the existing programs currently provided by the IRC of Phoenix, including support in areas of resettlement, finance, community integration, and health. The objectives of this new prenatal-focused program are to serve the needs of pregnant refugee women by providing the physical and emotional support they need through partnerships with hospitals (such as Saint Joseph’s Hospital) and organizations (such as the Refugee Women’s Health Clinic of Phoenix).
The target audience includes women who seek refuge in the Phoenix area in the midst of a pregnancy, or with the intention to become pregnant and who are receiving other services from the IRC of Phoenix. This grant will fund a prenatal care caseworker position for as long as there are incoming funds and pregnant refugee women in Phoenix. The prenatal care caseworker’s duties include:
● Monitoring the overall health of pregnant refugee women assisted by the IRC of Phoenix
● Expanding access to prenatal care for pregnant refugee women
● Connecting pregnant refugee women with necessary information on healthy pregnancies and introducing them to childcare programs that the IRC of Phoenix currently provides
● Creating and maintaining strong relationships with hospitals and health care facilities
● Accompanying pregnant refugee women to medical appointments as needed
● Participating in all other duties necessary to ensure the safe pregnancy of refugee women under the care of the IRC of Phoenix
To evaluate the success of the program, the IRC of Phoenix will monitor the number of pregnant refugee women seeking help and monitor health to see how the women are being served and the number of these women who are fully served based on the above objectives. The required grant money needed each year amounts to $40,000. A multi-year commitment of at least five years is expected. This funding represents the annual salary of the newly hired caseworker, and the IRC of Phoenix will be covering administration costs, supplies, and equipment.
ContributorsBatty, Rebecca (Co-author) / Gerais, Reem (Co-author) / Weitz, Rose (Thesis director) / Faurel, Lucile (Committee member) / Department of Information Systems (Contributor) / School of Accountancy (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-12
Description
In the field of Accountancy, recruiting is highly competitive among firms and prospective employees alike. This is particularly true when it comes to the firms Deloitte, Ernst & Young, KPMG, and PWC, the largest accounting firms that comprise what is known as the "Big Four." These firms maintain a large presence and recruit heavily on the Arizona State University (ASU) campus. There exists a defined path for recruiting with these firms; some of the opportunities offered include Office Tours, Externships, Internships, and Volunteer Service. However, as clear as the path may seem to someone who has researched these opportunities, it is murky for most students. Without direction, both students and the firms miss out on crucial relationship development. As an Accountancy major in the W.P. Carey School of Business, I had a difficult time understanding the recruiting process; much of my knowledge came from my peers. As a result, I researched what students know about the recruiting process, and how they learned this information. I also queried the Big Four firms and the student organization, Beta Alpha Psi, to learn what they want from students and how they organize their recruiting process. I surveyed Accountancy majors including both those who went through the recruiting process and those who had yet to go through the process. Overall, the results were consistent with my original understanding; many students lack knowledge of recruiting opportunities and those who did have such knowledge mainly learned of it from their peers and word of mouth. These results show room for growth in connecting students to the firms. A suggested course of action developed based on these findings can be integrated into the ACC101: Accountancy LEAP Program, as well as be incorporated into a student guide in order to better give students direction, a roadmap to the aforementioned path.
ContributorsWhitson, Jillian Layne (Author) / Faurel, Lucile (Thesis director) / Bonfiglio, Thomas (Committee member) / School of Accountancy (Contributor) / WPC Graduate Programs (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-12
Description
Insider trading potentially reveals proprietary information, allowing rivals to compete more effectively against the insiders' firm. This paper examines whether proprietary costs are associated with insiders' trading decisions and the profitability of their trades. Using a variety of approaches to identify proprietary information risk, I find proprietary costs significantly deter insiders' trading activities. The deterrence effect is more pronounced when insider trading is likely to be more informative to rivals. Specifically, trades by top executives, non-routine trades, and trades at low complexity firms are curbed to a greater extent by proprietary costs. Examining the mechanisms of this deterrence effect, I find firms with higher proprietary costs are more likely to impose insider trading restrictions, and insiders' trading decisions are more sensitive to proprietary costs when they have higher share ownership of the company. These results suggest insiders reduce trading activities not only due to firm policies, but also due to incentive alignment. Finally, when insiders trade despite higher proprietary costs, they earn significantly higher abnormal profits from their purchase transactions. Overall, this study suggests product market considerations are an important factor associated with insiders' trading decisions and profitability of their trades. These findings are likely to be of interest to regulators and corporate boards in setting insider trading policies, and help investors make investment decisions using insider trading signals.
ContributorsChoi, Lyungmae (Author) / Hillegeist, Stephen (Thesis advisor) / Faurel, Lucile (Thesis advisor) / Hugon, Jean (Committee member) / Huang, Xiaochuan (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2017
Description
Theoretically, negative shareholders' equity ("deficit") indicates that a business is insolvent. Yet many large, profitable businesses report deficits today. My research focused on the fast-food industry, namely McDonald's, Starbucks, Yum! Brands, and Papa John's, to uncover how these deficits came about and what they mean for investors.
ContributorsWorkman, Zachary Ryan (Author) / White, Roger (Thesis director) / Cassidy, Nancy (Committee member) / School of Accountancy (Contributor) / Economics Program in CLAS (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
Description随着经营中赊销占比的增加，对企业的营运资本管理能力要求更高，而如何优化营运资金项目，特别是其中的应收账款和存货等流动资产对企业意义重大。混凝土企业的存货占比很小，应收账款在企业流动性资金中的占比极高，影响营运资本周转期的主要因素为应收账款周转期，如何有效提高营运资本效率，特别是应收账款回收效率，是混凝土企业在市场竞争中求得生存的核心之一。以占用营运资金形成应收帐款促进销售会给企业带来一定的优势，也会为企业带来一定的风险，应收账款增加带来的营运资本管理是财务管理的重要事实，需要准确监视和适当管理，企业必须了解应收帐款的规模、性质以及时限，并深入分析讨论这些因素会对企业的绩效带来的潜在影响，合理发挥应收帐款的作用，确保企业营运资本处于正常、合理水平。本文首先以营运资本周转期为核心被解释变量，查看影响不同企业营运资本周转期差异的原因，并基于对这些原因的分析，建立混凝土企业营运资本风险，特别是应收账款风险的预警机制，其次，探讨营运资本周转期与企业绩效的相关关系，验证不同企业的营运资本周转期差异是否会影响企业绩效，在数据支撑的范围内，对影响大小进行一定程度的探讨，为江苏省混凝土行业公司提供一定的经营指导意见，同时为不同企业探索营运资本周转期与企业绩效的相关关系提供参考。
本文研究发现对于江苏省内不同混凝土企业，营运资本周转期与企业绩效正相关且显著，这表明混凝土企业的贸易特征非常明显，企业绩效更多的来自于降低营运资本效率。同时，研究还发现，企业站点数量、周边站点数量、银行承兑汇票结算、其他结算方式、激励机制、客户付款流程、分类催收、第三方催收、竞争形势、高管交际能力这些变量与营运资本周转期密切相关，这些维度分别属于企业规模、企业竞争、资金结算、激励机制、客户信息、账款催收、高管特征等大类，表明提升混凝土企业营运资本周转效率的方式方法多样，值得行业内企业家们总结与探索。
ContributorsTang, Wenfeng (Author) / Huang, Xiaochuan (Thesis advisor) / Sun, Jianfei (Thesis advisor) / Yan, Hong (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description在世界经济周期当中，货币及信贷政策是各国政府调节经济周期的主要手段，但宽松的货币及信贷环境不仅仅会体现在GDP生产和交易过程中，也会带来二手的资产市场价格变动，进而对国家的经济，资产市场等产生长远的影响。当前疫情之下，美国采取极度宽松的货币政策，而中国资产价格经过过去30年的发展，已经处在高位，如何控制货币信贷政策和资产价格的关系是政策研究重点。本文引入信贷脉冲（Credit impulse）、利率、房地产价格增速作为变量，采用VAR模型评估中国的信贷脉冲对于中国房地产价格增速的影响，发现信贷脉冲的冲击在当期不会对房地产价格增速造成很大影响，但在第二期开始对房地产价格增速产生明显的正向作用，然后从第三期开始效果减弱，但是持续时间也比较长，即信贷脉冲可以作为房价预测的6-12个月的领先指标。而对分能级的一二三线城市的研究来看，一线城市房价增速受到信贷脉冲的影响程度明显强于二线城市，二线城市强于三线城市；而从脉冲响应的时间滞后性来看也是一线城市快于二线城市，二线城市快于三线城市。
本文引入房地产价格增速、信贷脉冲、利率、收入因素、城市化作为变量采用面板模型分析了中国信贷脉冲对各类城市商品住房平均销售价格增速的影响。从能级来看，信贷脉冲影响的程度上，一线城市强于二线城市，二线城市强于三线城市；从区位来看，信贷脉冲对东部地区价格影响显著，中部和西部影响较弱。
本文从一个新的视角提出了一个预测中国房地产价格的走势的宏观模型，并提供了实证检验，可为中国的投资者提供投资判断依据。
ContributorsGuo, Hongzhi (Author) / Huang, Xiaochuan (Thesis advisor) / Yan, Hong (Thesis advisor) / Sun, Jianfei (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description2020年，中国经济总量首次突破百万亿大关，位居全球经济总量排名第二，成为全球经济唯一正增长的经济体，实现了中国“增长奇迹”。但是，近年来企业普通员工收入的增长速度远低于社会经济发展的增长速度。二十一世纪是人才竞争的时代，企业转型升级发展的关键在于员工的自主创新能力。根据薪酬激励理论，企业为员工支付更高的薪酬可以调动员工的工作热情和积极性，增强员工的自主创新能力，提高企业创新绩效和企业价值。因此，本文试图研究员工薪酬与企业价值之间的关系，并探索创新绩效是否在其关系中起到中介效应作用。本文通过回顾和梳理国内外有关员工薪酬、创新绩效和企业价值三者关系的相关文献，结合该领域国内外学者的研究经验，以我国科创板上市的214家公司为本文研究的样本。在理论分析和经验研究的基础上，得出以下研究结果：
（1）在科创板上市公司的全样本中，回归结果发现，员工薪酬与企业价值呈显著正相关，员工薪酬与企业创新绩效呈显著正相关，创新绩效与企业价值呈显著正相关，创新绩效在员工薪酬与企业价值的关系中具有中介效应的作用。
（2）区分了企业产权性质后，在民营企业的样本组中，其回归结果发现与全样本组的回归结果基本一致。在非民营企业的样本组中，员工薪酬与创新绩效和企业价值的系数虽为正，但系数的P值并不显著，说明员工薪酬对创新绩效和企业价值都具有正向的激励作用，但不显著；创新绩效对企业价值具有正向的促进作用，但不显著；创新绩效在员工薪酬对企业价值的关系中不具有中介效应，而是起到了遮掩效应的作用。
（3）区分了企业经营所在地后，在非一线城市企业样本中，其回归结果发现与全样本的回归结果基本一致。在一线城市企业样本中，回归结果发现，员工薪酬的系数虽然为正，但P值不显著，说明员工薪酬对创新绩效和企业价值都具有正向的激励作用，但不显著；创新绩效与企业价值呈显著正向相关；创新绩效在员工薪酬对企业价值的关系中起到了遮掩效应。
ContributorsJin, Jian (Author) / Huang, Xiaochuan (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Li, Hongmin (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description在新证券法实施当年，企业纷纷变更会计师事务所。基于此背景展开本文的研究。本文主要关注新证券法实施后，事务所变更对审计质量的影响。本文发现，新证券法实施之前，事务所变更并未提升公司的审计质量，反而降低了审计质量，而在新证券法实施引起后，事务所变更对审计质量具有显著的正向作用。一方面，事务所通过增加审计师的人数与改善审计师的学历构成提高审计质量；另一方面，审计师通过提高自身审计审慎程度来应对外部监管环境，提高其审计质量。本文还进行了进一步研究，首先关注“换师不换所”现象的影响，发现排除了该现象影响后，事务所变更对审计质量的正向提升作用更加显著。其次关注公司自身特征的影响，发现新证券法实施后，事务所变更对审计质量的正向影响作用，在企业内部控制较差、民营企业、市场化水平较低时更加显著，表明新证券法实施后，企业通过更换会计师事务所提升了审计质量。最后关注审计师个人特征的影响，本文将审计师个人特征归类为“硬性条件”和“软实力”，发现新证券法实施后事务所变更对审计质量的正向作用，在审计师性别为女、学历较高、审计经验较丰富以及所内职务较高时更加显著。
本文研究发现为新证券法实施提供了经济后果检验证据，并发现事务所通过事务所层面和审计师层面改善其审计行为，补充了相关政策后果研究；同时拓宽了事务所层面的圈层研究，并为审计质量研究提供增量贡献。
ContributorsSun, Yao (Author) / Huang, Xiaochuan (Thesis advisor) / Cheng, Shijun (Thesis advisor) / Zhu, Kevin (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022