Matching Items (2)
Description
Researchers across a variety of fields are often interested in determining if data are of a random nature or if they exhibit patterning which may be the result of some alternative and potentially more interesting process. This dissertation explores a family of statistical methods, i.e. space-time interaction tests, designed to detect structure within three-dimensional event data. These tests, widely employed in the fields of spatial epidemiology, criminology, ecology and beyond, are used to identify synergistic interaction across the spatial and temporal dimensions of a series of events. Exploration is needed to better understand these methods and determine how their results may be affected by data quality problems commonly encountered in their implementation; specifically, how inaccuracy and/or uncertainty in the input data analyzed by the methods may impact subsequent results. Additionally, known shortcomings of the methods must be ameliorated. The contributions of this dissertation are twofold: it develops a more complete understanding of how input data quality problems impact the results of a number of global and local tests of space-time interaction and it formulates an improved version of one global test which accounts for the previously identified problem of population shift bias. A series of simulation experiments reveal the global tests of space-time interaction explored here to be dramatically affected by the aforementioned deficiencies in the quality of the input data. It is shown that in some cases, a conservative degree of these common data problems can completely obscure evidence of space-time interaction and in others create it where it does not exist. Conversely, a local metric of space-time interaction examined here demonstrates a surprising robustness in the face of these same deficiencies. This local metric is revealed to be only minimally affected by the inaccuracies and incompleteness introduced in these experiments. Finally, enhancements to one of the global tests are presented which solve the problem of population shift bias associated with the test and better contextualize and visualize its results, thereby enhancing its utility for practitioners.
ContributorsMalizia, Nicholas (Author) / Anselin, Luc (Thesis advisor) / Murray, Alan (Committee member) / Rey, Sergio (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
As digital technology promises immediacy and interactivity in communication, sight and sound in motion graphics has expanded the range of design possibilities in advertising, social networking, and telecommunication beyond the visual realm. The experience of seeing has been greatly enriched by sound as visual solutions become dynamic and multi-dimensional. The ability to record and transfer sight and sound with new media has granted the designer more control in manipulating a viewer's experience of time and space. This control allows time-based form to become the foundation that establishes many interactive, multisensory and interdisciplinary applications. Is conventional design theory for print media adequate to effectively approach time-based form? If not, what is the core element that is required to balance the static and dynamic aspects of time in new media? Should time-related theories and methodologies from other disciplines be adopted into our design principles? If so, how would this knowledge be integrated? How can this experience in time be effectively transferred to paper? Unless the role of the time dimension in sight is operationally deconstructed and retained with sound, it is very challenging to control the design in this fugitive form. Time activation refers to how time and the perception of time can be manipulated for design and communication purposes. Sound, as a shortcut to the active time design element, not only encapsulates the structure of its "invisible" time-based form, but also makes changes in time conspicuously measurable and comparable. Two experiments reflect the influence of sound on imagery, a slideshow and video, as well as how the dynamics in time are represented across all design media. A cyclical time-based model is established to reconnect the conventional design principles learned in print media with time-based media. This knowledge helps expand static images to motion and encapsulate motion in stasis. The findings provide creative methods for approaching visualization, interactivity, and design education.
ContributorsCheung, Hoi Yan Patrick (Author) / Giard, Jacques (Thesis advisor) / Sanft, Alfred C (Committee member) / Aisling, Kelliher (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2011