Matching Items (9)
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HIV/AIDS is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age living in low-income countries. Clinicians in industrialized nations monitor the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs and HIV disease progression with the HIV-1 viral load assay, which measures the copy number of

HIV/AIDS is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age living in low-income countries. Clinicians in industrialized nations monitor the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs and HIV disease progression with the HIV-1 viral load assay, which measures the copy number of HIV-1 RNA in blood. However, viral load assays are not widely available in sub-Saharan Africa and cost between 50-$139 USD per test on average where available. To address this problem, a mixed-methods approach was undertaken to design a novel and inexpensive viral load diagnostic for HIV-1 and to evaluate barriers to its adoption in a developing country. The assay was produced based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Blood samples from twenty-one individuals were spiked with varying concentrations of HIV-1 RNA to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP. Under isothermal conditions, LAMP was performed with an initial reverse-transcription step (RT-LAMP) and primers designed for HIV-1 subtype C. Each reaction generated up to a few billion copies of target DNA within an hour. Presence of target was detected through naked-eye observation of a fluorescent indicator and verified by DNA gel electrophoresis and real-time fluorescence. The assay successfully detected the presence of HIV in samples with a broad range of HIV RNA concentration, from over 120,000 copies/reaction to 120 copies/reaction. In order to better understand barriers to adoption of LAMP in developing countries, a feasibility study was undertaken in Tanzania, a low-income country facing significant problems in healthcare. Medical professionals in Northern Tanzania were surveyed for feedback regarding perspectives of current HIV assays, patient treatment strategies, availability of treatment, treatment priorities, HIV transmission, and barriers to adoption of the HIV-1 LAMP assay. The majority of medical providers surveyed indicated that the proposed LAMP assay is too expensive for their patient populations. Significant gender differences were observed in response to some survey questions. Female medical providers were more likely to cite stigma as a source problem of the HIV epidemic than male medical providers while males were more likely to cite lack of education as a source problem than female medical providers.
ContributorsSalamone, Damien Thomas (Author) / Jacobs, Bertram L (Thesis advisor) / Marsiglia, Flavio (Committee member) / Stout, Valerie (Committee member) / Johnson, Crista (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2011
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The world of healthcare can be seen as dynamic, often an area where technology and science meet to consummate a greater good for humanity. This relationship has been working well for the last century as evident by the average life expectancy change. For the greater of the last five decades

The world of healthcare can be seen as dynamic, often an area where technology and science meet to consummate a greater good for humanity. This relationship has been working well for the last century as evident by the average life expectancy change. For the greater of the last five decades the average life expectancy at birth increased globally by almost 20 years. In the United States specifically, life expectancy has grown from 50 years in 1900 to 78 years in 2009. That is a 76% increase in just over a century. As great as this increase sounds for humanity it means there are soon to be real issues in the healthcare world. A larger older population will need more healthcare services but have fewer young professionals to provide those services. Technology and science will need to continue to push the boundaries in order to develop and provide the solutions needed to continue providing the aging world population sufficient healthcare. One solution sure to help provide a brighter future for healthcare is mobile health (m-health). M-health can help provide a means for healthcare professionals to treat more patients with less work expenditure and do so with more personalized healthcare advice which will lead to better treatments. This paper discusses one area of m-health devices specifically; human breath analysis devices. The current laboratory methods of breath analysis and why these methods are not adequate for common healthcare practices will be discussed in more detail. Then more specifically, mobile breath analysis devices are discussed. The topic will encompass the challenges that need to be met in developing such devices, possible solutions to these challenges, two real examples of mobile breath analysis devices and finally possible future directions for m-health technologies.
ContributorsLester, Bryan (Author) / Forzani, Erica (Thesis advisor) / Xian, Xiaojun (Committee member) / Trimble, Steve (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2012
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The biohacker movement is an important and modern form of activism. This study broadly examines how positive-activist-oriented biohackers emerge, organize, and respond to social crises. Despite growing public awareness, few studies have examined biohacking's influence on prevailing notions of organizing and medicine in-context. Therefore, this study examines biohacking in the

The biohacker movement is an important and modern form of activism. This study broadly examines how positive-activist-oriented biohackers emerge, organize, and respond to social crises. Despite growing public awareness, few studies have examined biohacking's influence on prevailing notions of organizing and medicine in-context. Therefore, this study examines biohacking in the context of the 2016 EpiPen price-gouging crisis, and explores how biohackers communicatively attempted to constitute counter-narratives and counter-logics about medical access and price through do-it-yourself (DIY) medical device alternatives. Discourse tracing and critical case study analysis are useful methodological frameworks for mapping the historical discursive and material logics that led to the EpiPen pricing crisis, including the medicalization of allergy, the advancement of drug-device combination technologies, and role of public health policy, and pharmaceutical marketing tactics. Findings suggest two new interpretations for how non-traditional forms of organizing facilitate new modes of resistance in times of institutional crisis. First, the study considers the concept of "pop-up maktivism" to conceptualize activism as a type of connective activity rather than collective organizing. Second, findings illustrate how activities such as participation and co-production can function as meaningful forms of institutional resistance within dominant discourses. This study proposes “mirrored materiality” to describe how biohackers deploy certain dominant logics to contest others. Lastly, implications for contributions to the conceptual frameworks of biopower, sociomateriality, and alternative organizing are discussed.
ContributorsDonovan, Matthew (Author) / Tracy, Sarah J. (Thesis advisor) / Nadesan, Majia H (Committee member) / Kim, Heewon (Committee member) / Halavais, Alexander (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
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This thesis focuses on Bram Stoker’s 1897 British novel 'Dracula' and its association of medical technology with a myriad of Victorian British societal anxieties, facilitating an examination of current and historical fears about medical intervention and medical innovation. Dracula’s parallel yet opposite portrayals of blood transfusion and vampirism allow fears

This thesis focuses on Bram Stoker’s 1897 British novel 'Dracula' and its association of medical technology with a myriad of Victorian British societal anxieties, facilitating an examination of current and historical fears about medical intervention and medical innovation. Dracula’s parallel yet opposite portrayals of blood transfusion and vampirism allow fears of medical technology to be exaggerated and explored within the realm of the supernatural. In Dracula and today, the desire to restore the health of ourselves and our loved ones is accompanied by fears that medical treatment will cause harm; will reshape our conceptualization of death and thus our relationship with death; and, as new technologies with unestablished consequences are employed, that medical intervention may in fact erode our basic identity and humanity.

ContributorsBoyden, Autumn (Author) / Agruss, David (Thesis director) / MacCord, Katherine (Committee member) / Soares, Rebecca (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
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The majority of trust research has focused on the benefits trust can have for individual actors, institutions, and organizations. This “optimistic bias” is particularly evident in work focused on institutional trust, where concepts such as procedural justice, shared values, and moral responsibility have gained prominence. But trust in institutions may

The majority of trust research has focused on the benefits trust can have for individual actors, institutions, and organizations. This “optimistic bias” is particularly evident in work focused on institutional trust, where concepts such as procedural justice, shared values, and moral responsibility have gained prominence. But trust in institutions may not be exclusively good. We reveal implications for the “dark side” of institutional trust by reviewing relevant theories and empirical research that can contribute to a more holistic understanding. We frame our discussion by suggesting there may be a “Goldilocks principle” of institutional trust, where trust that is too low (typically the focus) or too high (not usually considered by trust researchers) may be problematic. The chapter focuses on the issue of too-high trust and processes through which such too-high trust might emerge. Specifically, excessive trust might result from external, internal, and intersecting external-internal processes. External processes refer to the actions institutions take that affect public trust, while internal processes refer to intrapersonal factors affecting a trustor’s level of trust. We describe how the beneficial psychological and behavioral outcomes of trust can be mitigated or circumvented through these processes and highlight the implications of a “darkest” side of trust when they intersect. We draw upon research on organizations and legal, governmental, and political systems to demonstrate the dark side of trust in different contexts. The conclusion outlines directions for future research and encourages researchers to consider the ethical nuances of studying how to increase institutional trust.

ContributorsNeal, Tess M.S. (Author) / Shockley, Ellie (Author) / Schilke, Oliver (Author)
Created2016
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NovaSure is a device for endometrial ablation, which is a procedure that removes the endometrium, that the US Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, approved for use on 28 September 2001. Endometrium is the tissue that lines the uterus. NovaSure destroys the endometrium by sending electric beams at the endometrium.

NovaSure is a device for endometrial ablation, which is a procedure that removes the endometrium, that the US Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, approved for use on 28 September 2001. Endometrium is the tissue that lines the uterus. NovaSure destroys the endometrium by sending electric beams at the endometrium. Hologic, a medical technology company concerned with women’s health, developed NovaSure to treat menorrhagia, or heavy bleeding during menstruation. Menorrhagia is a common symptom of endometriosis. Endometriosis is the growth of the endometrium outside of the uterus. While NovaSure is not a treatment that doctors use to directly treat endometriosis, the procedure may help alleviate heavy bleeding during menstruation, which may improve a patient’s quality of life as heavy menstrual bleeding is often associated with high levels of anxiety and low levels of confidence.

Created2019-09-20
Description

Our generation is living through a mental health crisis. 19.86% of American adults, appx. 50 million, are diagnosed with mental illness, and the risk only increases with youth, veterans, LGBTQ+, and other marginalized communities. Furthermore, those seeking treatment often depend on prescription pharmaceuticals, using these drugs for long periods of

Our generation is living through a mental health crisis. 19.86% of American adults, appx. 50 million, are diagnosed with mental illness, and the risk only increases with youth, veterans, LGBTQ+, and other marginalized communities. Furthermore, those seeking treatment often depend on prescription pharmaceuticals, using these drugs for long periods of time, even for their entire lives. Fortunately, a small team of doctors has developed a non-invasive electrical stimulation technology that can promote healing processes within the body, and the potential impact of this invention could change the way we approach mental health treatment forever. This is a short film on this technology, the people involved, and the greater mission to heal a generation that needs it.

ContributorsShipp, Wyatt (Author) / Scott, Jason (Thesis director) / DuPree, Beth (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / The Sidney Poitier New American Film School (Contributor) / School of Music, Dance and Theatre (Contributor)
Created2022-05
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For my thesis project, I chose to create a film about a group of revolutionary technologies that utilize transcranial and transcutaneous electrostimulation to stimulate mental and physical wellbeing. The transcranial technology is called TESA-HB, and the transcutaneous technology is called MindVybe. Despite its relative novelty as a medical device, this

For my thesis project, I chose to create a film about a group of revolutionary technologies that utilize transcranial and transcutaneous electrostimulation to stimulate mental and physical wellbeing. The transcranial technology is called TESA-HB, and the transcutaneous technology is called MindVybe. Despite its relative novelty as a medical device, this technology has already been used for a number of different treatment purposes with a wide range of positive results, ranging from bringing light back into the life of a suicidal teenage boy to allowing an RSD stricken woman to live her lifelong dream of dancing down the aisle at her wedding. It’s an incredible innovation developed by incredible people who are driven by a healing-first philosophy that always puts patient before profit, even when the odds seem stacked against them. Knowing that such brilliant, genuine people have invested so much time, money, knowledge, and dedication into a device that has helped so many people, and can help many more moving forward, made this an easy choice as the subject for my creative project.

ContributorsShipp, Wyatt (Author) / Scott, Jason (Thesis director) / DuPree, Beth (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / The Sidney Poitier New American Film School (Contributor)
Created2022-05
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Description

For my thesis project, I chose to create a film about a group of revolutionary technologies that utilize transcranial and transcutaneous electrostimulation to stimulate mental and physical wellbeing. The transcranial technology is called TESA-HB, and the transcutaneous technology is called MindVybe. Despite its relative novelty as a medical device, this

For my thesis project, I chose to create a film about a group of revolutionary technologies that utilize transcranial and transcutaneous electrostimulation to stimulate mental and physical wellbeing. The transcranial technology is called TESA-HB, and the transcutaneous technology is called MindVybe. Despite its relative novelty as a medical device, this technology has already been used for a number of different treatment purposes with a wide range of positive results, ranging from bringing light back into the life of a suicidal teenage boy to allowing an RSD stricken woman to live her lifelong dream of dancing down the aisle at her wedding. It’s an incredible innovation developed by incredible people who are driven by a healing-first philosophy that always puts patient before profit, even when the odds seem stacked against them. Knowing that such brilliant, genuine people have invested so much time, money, knowledge, and dedication into a device that has helped so many people, and can help many more moving forward, made this an easy choice as the subject for my creative project.

ContributorsShipp, Wyatt (Author) / Scott, Jason (Thesis director) / DuPree, Beth (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / The Sidney Poitier New American Film School (Contributor)
Created2022-05