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- Genre: Academic theses
- Genre: Doctoral Dissertation
Description
Double bass drumming is a genre of drum set performance that utilizes a bass drum pedal for both the right and left feet. This allows the feet to function much like the hands, and provides the ability to play faster rhythmic passages on the bass drum that would otherwise be impossible in the classic single-pedal arrangement. The feet are then elevated to new levels of importance, which creates new challenges in four-limb coordination.
This double bass drumming tradition has been in use since the mid-20th century, and it has become extremely popular since that time. Today, virtually every drum set retailer offers the double bass pedal as part of their inventory. Many large drum solo competitions, such as the Guitar Center Drum-Off, also include a double bass pedal as part of the provided drum set.
However, even with this recent growth in popularity of double bass drumming, there remains a significant lack of scholarly research on the topic. This could be due to the popularity of double bass drumming remaining fairly new, and that the primary implementation of this drumming style remains outside of the art music tradition. This document will help further bring this complex drumming tradition to light by providing an in-depth analysis of the double-bass drumming style through historical overview, explanation of various technical approaches and considerations, and an analysis of common double bass drumming performance practice.
This double bass drumming tradition has been in use since the mid-20th century, and it has become extremely popular since that time. Today, virtually every drum set retailer offers the double bass pedal as part of their inventory. Many large drum solo competitions, such as the Guitar Center Drum-Off, also include a double bass pedal as part of the provided drum set.
However, even with this recent growth in popularity of double bass drumming, there remains a significant lack of scholarly research on the topic. This could be due to the popularity of double bass drumming remaining fairly new, and that the primary implementation of this drumming style remains outside of the art music tradition. This document will help further bring this complex drumming tradition to light by providing an in-depth analysis of the double-bass drumming style through historical overview, explanation of various technical approaches and considerations, and an analysis of common double bass drumming performance practice.
ContributorsParis, Zach (Author) / Smith, Jeffrey (Thesis advisor) / Kocour, Michael (Committee member) / Saucier, Catherine (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
Neurotoxicology has historically focused on substances that directly damage nervous tissue. Behavioral assays that test sensory, cognitive, or motor function are used to identify neurotoxins. But, the outcomes of behavioral assays may also be influenced by the physiological status of non-neural organs. Therefore, toxin induced damage to non- neural organs may contribute to behavioral modifications. Heavy metals and metalloids are persistent environmental pollutants and induce neurological deficits in multiple organisms. However, in the honey bee, an important insect pollinator, little is known about the sublethal effects of heavy metal and metalloid toxicity though they are exposed to these toxins chronically in some environments. In this thesis I investigate the sublethal effects of copper, cadmium, lead, and selenium on honey bee behavior and identify potential mechanisms mediating the behavioral modifications. I explore the honey bees’ ability to detect these toxins, their sensory perception of sucrose following toxin exposure, and the effects of toxin ingestion on performance during learning and memory tasks. The effects depend on the specific metal. Honey bees detect and reject copper containing solutions, but readily consume those contaminated with cadmium and lead. And, exposure to lead may alter the sensory perception of sucrose. I also demonstrate that acute selenium exposure impairs learning and long-term memory formation or recall. Localizing selenium accumulation following chronic exposure reveals that damage to non-neural organs and peripheral sensory structures is more likely than direct neurotoxicity. Probable mechanisms include gut microbiome alterations, gut lining
damage, immune system activation, impaired protein function, or aberrant DNA methylation. In the case of DNA methylation, I demonstrate that inhibiting DNA methylation dynamics can impair long-term memory formation, while the nurse-to- forager transition is not altered. These experiments could serve as the bases for and reference groups of studies testing the effects of metal or metalloid toxicity on DNA methylation. Each potential mechanism provides an avenue for investigating how neural function is influenced by the physiological status of non-neural organs. And from an ecological perspective, my results highlight the need for environmental policy to consider sublethal effects in determining safe environmental toxin loads for honey bees and other insect pollinators.
damage, immune system activation, impaired protein function, or aberrant DNA methylation. In the case of DNA methylation, I demonstrate that inhibiting DNA methylation dynamics can impair long-term memory formation, while the nurse-to- forager transition is not altered. These experiments could serve as the bases for and reference groups of studies testing the effects of metal or metalloid toxicity on DNA methylation. Each potential mechanism provides an avenue for investigating how neural function is influenced by the physiological status of non-neural organs. And from an ecological perspective, my results highlight the need for environmental policy to consider sublethal effects in determining safe environmental toxin loads for honey bees and other insect pollinators.
ContributorsBurden, Christina Marie (Author) / Amdam, Gro (Thesis advisor) / Smith, Brian H. (Thesis advisor) / Gallitano-Mendel, Amelia (Committee member) / Harrison, Jon (Committee member) / Vu, Eric (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2016
Description
Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants contribute to human health risks worldwide. Among the most common routes of exposure to pollutants for humans are through the consumption of contaminated water and food, with fish being among the greatest vectors for ingestion of heavy metals in humans, particularly mercury.This dissertation consists of three chapters with a central theme of investigating heavy metal and persistent organic pollutant concentrations in fish and corned beef, which are two commonly consumed food items in American Samoa. A literature review illustrated that historically the primary pollutants of concern in fish muscle tissue from American Samoa have been mercury, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures. To better understand the changes in heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in fish, this study reports an updated data set, comparing concentrations in pollutants as they have changed over time. To further investigate pollutants in fish tissue, 77 locally caught and commonly consumed fish were analyzed for heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, and baseline human health risk assessments were calculated for contaminants that had available oral reference doses. While in American Samoa collecting fish for contaminant analyses, it was realized that canned corned beef appeared to be more commonly consumed than fresh fish. An IRB approved consumption survey revealed that 89% of American Samoan adults regularly consume fish, which is the same percentage of people that reported eating canned corned beef, indicating a dramatic increase in this food item to their diet since its introduction in the 20th century.
Results of this study indicate that fish muscle tissue generally has higher heavy metal concentrations than canned corned beef, and that mercury continues to be a main contaminant of concern when consuming fresh and canned fish in American Samoa. While none of the heavy metal concentrations in corned beef exceeded calculated action levels, these foods might contribute to negative health outcomes in other ways. One of the main findings of this study is that either the presence or the ability to detect persistent organic pollutant concentrations are increasing in fish tissue and should be periodically monitored to adequately reflect current conditions.
ContributorsLewis, Tiffany Beth (Author) / Polidoro, Beth (Thesis advisor) / Neuer, Susanne (Thesis advisor) / Halden, Rolf (Committee member) / Schoon, Michael (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023