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- All Subjects: Synthesis
- Creators: Skibo, Edward
- Resource Type: Text
Description
In recent years we have witnessed a shift towards multi-processor system-on-chips (MPSoCs) to address the demands of embedded devices (such as cell phones, GPS devices, luxury car features, etc.). Highly optimized MPSoCs are well-suited to tackle the complex application demands desired by the end user customer. These MPSoCs incorporate a constellation of heterogeneous processing elements (PEs) (general purpose PEs and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICS)). A typical MPSoC will be composed of a application processor, such as an ARM Coretex-A9 with cache coherent memory hierarchy, and several application sub-systems. Each of these sub-systems are composed of highly optimized instruction processors, graphics/DSP processors, and custom hardware accelerators. Typically, these sub-systems utilize scratchpad memories (SPM) rather than support cache coherency. The overall architecture is an integration of the various sub-systems through a high bandwidth system-level interconnect (such as a Network-on-Chip (NoC)). The shift to MPSoCs has been fueled by three major factors: demand for high performance, the use of component libraries, and short design turn around time. As customers continue to desire more and more complex applications on their embedded devices the performance demand for these devices continues to increase. Designers have turned to using MPSoCs to address this demand. By using pre-made IP libraries designers can quickly piece together a MPSoC that will meet the application demands of the end user with minimal time spent designing new hardware. Additionally, the use of MPSoCs allows designers to generate new devices very quickly and thus reducing the time to market. In this work, a complete MPSoC synthesis design flow is presented. We first present a technique \cite{leary1_intro} to address the synthesis of the interconnect architecture (particularly Network-on-Chip (NoC)). We then address the synthesis of the memory architecture of a MPSoC sub-system \cite{leary2_intro}. Lastly, we present a co-synthesis technique to generate the functional and memory architectures simultaneously. The validity and quality of each synthesis technique is demonstrated through extensive experimentation.
ContributorsLeary, Glenn (Author) / Chatha, Karamvir S (Thesis advisor) / Vrudhula, Sarma (Committee member) / Shrivastava, Aviral (Committee member) / Beraha, Rudy (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
Throughout time, compounds from natural sources have provided humans with medicines, and recently become the structural inspiration for semisynthetic drugs. One arena that has benefited greatly from the use of these natural products is the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. Methicillin-resistant Staphylcoccus aureus (MRSA) continues to plague the United States as well as throughout the world, at least in part because of increasing antibiotic resistance. Therefore, scientists continue to scour natural products as potential leads, either directly or indirectly, for antibiotics to treat MRSA. The structure of the indole sesquiterpene, polyalthenol, was discovered in 1976 and recent work shows a 4µg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a variety of strains of MRSA. Given the unique framework of this natural product and its biological activity against MRSA, the total synthesis becomes the next logical step. Presently a racemic synthesis has successfully afforded an indole ketone with the correct relative stereochemistry of polyalthenol, however, the completion of the total synthesis of polyalthenol presents several challenges. Herein, the work towards the synthesis is described in addition to the proposed completion of the synthesis.
ContributorsReichenberg, Erynn Wright (Author) / Madar, David J (Thesis advisor) / Skibo, Edward (Committee member) / Miller, William (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2012
Description
Continuing work has been done on a novel class of anti-cancer drugs employing a vinylogous extended amidine system functionalized into benzimidazole ring. Three new derivatives, utilizing a true sugar mimic at the N1-position, have been synthesized. Compounds 6-amino-1-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl-4-imino-2,5-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole- 7-one (5), 6-amino-1-[2-(2-hydroxysulfonoethoxy)ethyl-4-imino-2,5-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole-7-one (6), and 6-amino-1-[2-(2-hydroxysulfonoethoxy)ethyl-4-methylimino-2,5-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole-7-one (7) have been synthesized utilizing similar protocols used in the synthesis of previously screened anti-tumor drugs produced by this laboratory. Compounds (5) and (6) have undergone screening similar to the National Cancer Institute’s (NCIs) Developmental Therapeutic Program (DTP), performed by Dr. Dan LaBarbera at the University of Boston. Both compounds show high cytotoxicity, with complete cell death at 5 µM and bioactive concentrations in the low nanomolar concentrations; more complete data is forthcoming. The proposed mechanism of action is through inhibition of p90RSK 1-2 which is responsible for the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 associated death promoter (BAD), a key metabolite in directing the onset of apoptosis. Future directions of next generation derivatives include modifying the 2-position of the benzimidazole ring into a halogenating or alkylating agent and possibly replacing the methanesulfonate with a phosphate group. This research is being published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.
ContributorsMorrison, Zachary Tyler (Author) / Skibo, Edward (Thesis director) / Lefler, Scott (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Contributor)
Created2014-05