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Overt forms of sexism have become less frequent (Swim Hyers, Cohen & Ferguson, 2001; Sue & Capodilupo, 2008). Nonetheless, scholars contend that sexism is still pervasive but often manifests as female microaggressions, which have been defined as often subtle, covert forms of gender discrimination (Capodilupo et al., 2010). Extant sexism

Overt forms of sexism have become less frequent (Swim Hyers, Cohen & Ferguson, 2001; Sue & Capodilupo, 2008). Nonetheless, scholars contend that sexism is still pervasive but often manifests as female microaggressions, which have been defined as often subtle, covert forms of gender discrimination (Capodilupo et al., 2010). Extant sexism scales fail to capture female microaggresions, limiting understanding of the correlates and consequences of women’s experiences of gender discrimination. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to develop the Female Microaggressions Scale (FeMS) based on an existing theoretical taxonomy and content analysis of social media data, which identifies diverse forms of sexism. Two separate studies were conducted for exploratory factor analysis (N = 582) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 325). Exploratory factor analyses supported an eight-factor, correlated structure and confirmatory factor analyses supported a bifactor model, with eight specific factors and one general FeMS factor. Overall, reliability and validity of the FeMS (general FeMS and subscales) were mostly supported in the two present samples of diverse women. The FeMS’ subscales and body surveillance were significantly positively correlated. Results regarding correlations between the FeMS subscales and anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction were mixed. The FeMS (general FeMS) was significantly positively correlated with anxiety, body surveillance, and another measure of sexism but not depression or life satisfaction. Furthermore, the FeMS (general FeMS) explained variance in anxiety and body surveillance (but not depression, self-esteem, or life satisfaction) above and beyond that explained by an existing sexism measure and explained variance in anxiety and depression (but not self-esteem) above and beyond that explained by neuroticism. Implications for future research are discussed.
ContributorsMiyake, Elisa (Author) / Tran, Giac-Thao Thanh (Thesis advisor) / Bernsten, Bianca (Committee member) / Tracey, Terence (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2018
Description

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the passing of Title IX, a piece of legislation which aims for dismantling gender discrimination. Even with such actions females, especially Black females are not proportionally represented in the world of sports. Due to this phenomenon, a study was funded by the Global

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the passing of Title IX, a piece of legislation which aims for dismantling gender discrimination. Even with such actions females, especially Black females are not proportionally represented in the world of sports. Due to this phenomenon, a study was funded by the Global Sport Institute to look at barriers for Black Women and Girls sport participation. Focus groups and interviews were used to gather data. They utilized a semi-structured approach using open-ended questions, and were recorded and later transcribed. After a secondary data analysis was performed on the focus group and interview transcripts it was found that community views and resources play an important role in the sports participation for Black girls and women. The topics of legislation history, schools, resources, finances, access, and media views were further researched in order to understand their impact on Black girls and women. A public service announcement (PSA) video was created in order to communicate these findings in a more accessible and modern way. The goal of the PSA video is to not only educate the public about this problem concerning Black girls and women but to also empower and encourage communities to fix it.

ContributorsGrambs, Amalia (Author) / Lopez, Bertha (Co-author) / Gottner, Adam (Co-author) / Brooks, Scott (Thesis director) / Flores, Stacey (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2022-05