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- Creators: Arizona State University
- Creators: Wilkerson, Kelly
- Creators: Beerman, Eric Christopher
- Member of: Theses and Dissertations
- Status: Published
Description
Internet browsers are today capable of warning internet users of a potential phishing attack. Browsers identify these websites by referring to blacklists of reported phishing websites maintained by trusted organizations like Google, Phishtank etc. On identifying a Unified Resource Locator (URL) requested by a user as a reported phishing URL, browsers like Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome display an 'active' warning message in an attempt to stop the user from making a potentially dangerous decision of visiting the website and sharing confidential information like username-password, credit card information, social security number etc.
However, these warnings are not always successful at safeguarding the user from a phishing attack. On several occasions, users ignore these warnings and 'click through' them, eventually landing at the potentially dangerous website and giving away confidential information. Failure to understand the warning, failure to differentiate different types of browser warnings, diminishing trust on browser warnings due to repeated encounter are some of the reasons that make users ignore these warnings. It is important to address these factors in order to eventually improve a user’s reaction to these warnings.
In this thesis, I propose a novel design to improve the effectiveness and reliability of phishing warning messages. This design utilizes the name of the target website that a fake website is mimicking, to display a simple, easy to understand and interactive warning message with the primary objective of keeping the user away from a potentially spoof website.
However, these warnings are not always successful at safeguarding the user from a phishing attack. On several occasions, users ignore these warnings and 'click through' them, eventually landing at the potentially dangerous website and giving away confidential information. Failure to understand the warning, failure to differentiate different types of browser warnings, diminishing trust on browser warnings due to repeated encounter are some of the reasons that make users ignore these warnings. It is important to address these factors in order to eventually improve a user’s reaction to these warnings.
In this thesis, I propose a novel design to improve the effectiveness and reliability of phishing warning messages. This design utilizes the name of the target website that a fake website is mimicking, to display a simple, easy to understand and interactive warning message with the primary objective of keeping the user away from a potentially spoof website.
ContributorsSharma, Satyabrata (Author) / Bazzi, Rida (Thesis advisor) / Walker, Erin (Committee member) / Gaffar, Ashraf (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2015
Description
As pointed out in the keynote speech by H. V. Jagadish in SIGMOD'07, and also commonly agreed in the database community, the usability of structured data by casual users is as important as the data management systems' functionalities. A major hardness of using structured data is the problem of easily retrieving information from them given a user's information needs. Learning and using a structured query language (e.g., SQL and XQuery) is overwhelmingly burdensome for most users, as not only are these languages sophisticated, but the users need to know the data schema. Keyword search provides us with opportunities to conveniently access structured data and potentially significantly enhances the usability of structured data. However, processing keyword search on structured data is challenging due to various types of ambiguities such as structural ambiguity (keyword queries have no structure), keyword ambiguity (the keywords may not be accurate), user preference ambiguity (the user may have implicit preferences that are not indicated in the query), as well as the efficiency challenges due to large search space. This dissertation performs an expansive study on keyword search processing techniques as a gateway for users to access structured data and retrieve desired information. The key issues addressed include: (1) Resolving structural ambiguities in keyword queries by generating meaningful query results, which involves identifying relevant keyword matches, identifying return information, composing query results based on relevant matches and return information. (2) Resolving structural, keyword and user preference ambiguities through result analysis, including snippet generation, result differentiation, result clustering, result summarization/query expansion, etc. (3) Resolving the efficiency challenge in processing keyword search on structured data by utilizing and efficiently maintaining materialized views. These works deliver significant technical contributions towards building a full-fledged search engine for structured data.
ContributorsLiu, Ziyang (Author) / Chen, Yi (Thesis advisor) / Candan, Kasim S (Committee member) / Davulcu, Hasan (Committee member) / Jagadish, H V (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2011
Description
We discuss processes involved in user-centric security design, including the synthesis of goals based on security and usability tasks. We suggest the usage of implicit security and the facilitation of secureuser actions. We propose a process for evaluating usability flaws by treating them as security threats and adapting traditional HCI methods. We discuss how to correct these flaws once they are discovered. Finally, we discuss the Usable Security Development Model for developing usable secure systems.
ContributorsJorgensen, Jan Drake (Author) / Ahn, Gail-Joon (Thesis director) / VanLehn, Kurt (Committee member) / Wilkerson, Kelly (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Computer Science and Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2013-05
Description
In the last decade, the number of people who own a mobile phone or portable electronic communication device has grown exponentially. Recent advances in smartphone technology have enabled mobile devices to provide applications (“mHealth apps”) to support delivering interventions, tracking health treatments, or involving a healthcare team into the treatment process and symptom monitoring. Although the popularity of mHealth apps is increasing, few lessons have been shared regarding user experience design and evaluation for such innovations as they relate to clinical outcomes. Studies assessing usability for mobile apps primarily rely on survey instruments. Though surveys are effective in determining user perception of usability and positive attitudes towards an app, they do not directly assess app feature usage, and whether feature usage and related aspects of app design are indicative of whether intended tasks are completed by users. This is significant in the area of mHealth apps, as proper utilization of the app determines compliance to a clinical study protocol. Therefore it is important to understand how design directly impacts compliance, specifically what design factors are prevalent in non-compliant users. This research studies the impact of usability features on clinical protocol compliance by applying a mixed methods approach to usability assessment, combining traditional surveys, log analysis, and clickstream analysis to determine the connection of design to outcomes. This research is novel in its construction of the mixed methods approach and in its attempt to tie usability results to impacts on clinical protocol compliance. The validation is a case study approach, applying the methods to an mHealth app developed for early prevention of anxiety in middle school students. The results of three empirical studies are shared that support the construction of the mixed methods approach.
ContributorsPatwardhan, Mandar (Author) / Gary, Kevin A (Thesis advisor) / Pina, Armando (Committee member) / Amresh, Ashish (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2016
Description
Due to its difficult nature, organic chemistry is receiving much research attention across the nation to develop more efficient and effective means to teach it. As part of that, Dr. Ian Gould at ASU is developing an online organic chemistry educational website that provides help to students, adapts to their responses, and collects data about their performance. This thesis creative project addresses the design and implementation of an input parser for organic chemistry reagent questions, to appear on his website. After students used the form to submit questions throughout the Spring 2013 semester in Dr. Gould's organic chemistry class, the data gathered from their usage was analyzed, and feedback was collected. The feedback obtained from students was positive, and suggested that the input parser accomplished the educational goals that it sought to meet.
ContributorsBeerman, Eric Christopher (Author) / Gould, Ian (Thesis director) / Wilkerson, Kelly (Committee member) / Mosca, Vince (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Computer Science and Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2013-05
Description
Perioperative care has a direct and crucial impact on patient safety and patient outcomes, as well as the financial viability of the healthcare facility. The time pressure and workload of caring patients facing surgery are heavier than caring inpatients of other departments. This workload raises requirements for PreOp nurses, the primary PreOp caregiver, to complete information gathering, screening, and verification tasks accurately and efficiently. EHRs (Electronic Health Record System) have evolved continuously with increasing features to meet newly raised needs and expectations. Many healthcare institutions have undergone EHR conversion since the introduction of first-generation EHRs. Thus, the need for a systematic evaluation of changed information system workflow following conversion is becoming more and more manifest. There are a growing number of methods for analyzing health information technology use. However, few studies provide and apply a standard method to understand the impact of EHR transition and inspire opportunities for improvement.
This dissertation focuses on PreOp nurse’s EHR use in PreOp settings. The goals of this dissertation are to: (a) introduce a systematic framework to evaluate EHR-mediated workflow and the impact of the EHR transition; (b) understand the impact of different EHR systems on PreOp nurse’s workflow and preoperative care efficiency; (c) transform the evaluation results into practical user-centered EHR designs. This research draws on computational ethnography, cognitive engineering process and user-centered design concepts to build a practical approach for EHR transition-related workflow evaluation and optimization.
Observational data were collected before and after a large-scale EHR conversion throughout Mayo Clinic’s different regional health systems. For a structured computational evaluation framework, the time-efficiency of PreOp nurses’ work were compared quantitatively by means of coding and segmenting nurses’ tasks. Interview data provided contextual information, reflecting practical challenges and opportunities before and after the EHR transition.
The total case time, the time spent on EHR, and the task fragmentation were improved after converting to the new EHR system. A trend of standardization of information-related workflow and EHR transition was observed. Notably, the approach helped to identify current new system challenges and pointed out potential optimization solutions.
ContributorsZheng, Lu (Author) / Doebbeling, Bradley (Thesis advisor) / Kaufman, David (Committee member) / Wang, Dongwen (Committee member) / Patel, Vimla (Committee member) / Chiou, Erin (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
Usability problems associated with electronic health records can adversely impact clinical workflow, leading to inefficiencies, error, and even clinician burnout. The work presented in this dissertation is concerned with understanding and improving clinical workflow. Towards that end, it is necessary to model physical and cognitive aspects of task performance in clinical settings. Task completion can be significantly impacted by the navigational efficiency of the electronic health record (EHR) interface. Workflow modeling of the EHR-mediated workflow could help identify, diagnose and eliminate problems to reduce navigational complexity. The research goal is to introduce and validate a new biomedical informatics methodological workflow analysis framework that combines expert-based and user-based techniques to guide effective EHR design and reduce navigational complexity. These techniques are combined into a modified walkthrough that aligns user goals and subgoals with estimated task completion time and characterization of cognitive demands. A two-phased validation of the framework is utilized. The first is applied to single EHR-mediated workflow tasks, medication reconciliation (MedRec), and medication administration records (MAR) to refine individual aspects of the framework. The second phase applied the framework to a pre/post EHR implementation comparative analysis of multiple workflows tasks. This validation provides evidence of the framework's applicability and feasibility across several sites, systems, and settings. Analysis of the steps executed within the interfaces involved to complete the medication administration and medication reconciliation and patient order management tasks have provided a basis for characterizing the complexities in EHR navigation. An implication of the work presented here is that small tractable changes in interface design may substantially improve EHR navigation, overall usability, and workflow. The navigational complexity framework enables scrutinizing the impact of different EHR interfaces on task performance and usability barriers across different sites, systems, and settings.
ContributorsDuncan, Benjamin (Author) / Grando, Adela (Thesis advisor) / Doebbeling, Bradley (Thesis advisor) / Kaufman, David (Committee member) / Greenes, Robert (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021