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Sleep is imperative for health and wellness with direct impacts on brain function, physiology, emotional well-being, performance and safety when compromised. Adolescents and young adults are increasingly affected by factors affecting the maintenance of regular sleep schedules. College and university students are a potentially vulnerable population to sleep deprivation and

Sleep is imperative for health and wellness with direct impacts on brain function, physiology, emotional well-being, performance and safety when compromised. Adolescents and young adults are increasingly affected by factors affecting the maintenance of regular sleep schedules. College and university students are a potentially vulnerable population to sleep deprivation and sleep insufficiency. Possible factors that could contribute to poor sleep hygiene include, but are not limited to, academic pressures, social activities, and increased screen time. Arguably, students are still experiencing bone mineralization, until the age of 30 or even 40 years old, which makes it more important to understand the effects that altered sleep patterns could have on continued development of bone health. It is our understanding that to date, studies assessing the risk of sleep insufficiency on bone mineral density in college students have not been conducted. We hypothesized that college-aged students, between the ages of 18-25 years, with shorter sleep durations, greater sleep schedule variability, and poorer sleep environments will have significantly lower bone mineral density. ActiGraph monitoring, via a wrist ActiWatch was used to quantitatively measure sleep habits for up to 7 consecutive days. During the week-long study participants also captured their self-reported sleep data through the use of a sleep diary. Participants were measured one time within the study for bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and total hip through a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. This was a preliminary analysis of a larger cross-sectional analysis looked at 17 participants, of which there were 14 females and 3 males, (n=5, 1 and 11 Hispanic, Black and White, respectively). The mean age of participants was 20.8±1.7 y with an average BMI of 22.9±3.2 kg/m2. ActiWatch measurement data showed a mean daily sleep duration of participants to be 437.5 ± 43.1 (372.5 – 509.4) minutes. Mean sleep efficiency (minutes of sleep divided by minutes of time in bed) and mean number of awakenings were 87.4±4.3 (75.4-93.4) minutes and 32.1±6.4 (22.3-42.7) awakenings, respectively. The median time for wake after sleep onset (WASO) was 34.5±10.5 (18.3-67.4) minutes. The mean bone mineral density (BMD) for the hips was 1.06±0.14 (0.81-1.28) g/cm2 with a mean BMD of the lumbar spine being 1.24±0.12 (0.92-1.43) g/cm2. Age-matched Z-scores of the hips was 0.31±0.96 (-1.6-2.1) and lumbar spine was 0.53 (IQR: 0.13, 0.98; -2.25-1.55). Neither sleep duration nor sleep efficiency was significantly correlated to BMD of either locations. While WASO was positively associated with hip and spine BMD, this value was not statistically significant in this population. Overall, associations between sleep and BMD of the femur and spine were not seen in this cohort. Further work utilizing a larger cohort will allow for control of covariates while looking for potential associations between bone health, sleep duration and efficiency.

ContributorsEsch, Patricia Rose (Author) / Whisner, Corrie (Thesis director) / Petrov, Megan (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2017-05
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Undergraduate students taking Anatomy and Physiology may struggle with information overload due to constant memorization. The solution is to present the anatomical material in a more integrative manner. Traditional learning in the human anatomy labs requires students to be presented with the skin, bones, joints, and muscle systems throughout the

Undergraduate students taking Anatomy and Physiology may struggle with information overload due to constant memorization. The solution is to present the anatomical material in a more integrative manner. Traditional learning in the human anatomy labs requires students to be presented with the skin, bones, joints, and muscle systems throughout the semester. However, in the Human Anatomy and Physiology courses (BIO 201), students only spend 2.5 hours for the lab session in one or two weeks for each system. The traditional style used today is constructed systematically, but it does not combine the other systems and functions with it once presented to the students. As a result, the new approach will integrate the structures and functions of each system with the current one that is being introduced. The new approach is SiMoJi-B: Skin, Muscles, Joints, and Bones. SiMoJi-B will teach students the Skin, Muscles, Joints, and Bones systems following anatomical regions of the body each week. All systems are integrated using a layer visualization from the outer to the deepest layer. The integration is supported with human donor dissections. The integrative sequence will allow students to learn anatomy in a more interactive and dynamic way.
ContributorsKaroubi, Susan (Author) / Cevallos, Manuel (Thesis director) / Ferry, Lara (Committee member) / School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05