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- Genre: Masters Thesis
Description
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 genotype is the most prevalent known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this paper, we examined the longitudinal effect of APOE e4 on hippocampal morphometry in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Generally, atrophy of hippocampus has more chance occurs in AD patients who carrying the APOE e4 allele than those who are APOE e4 noncarriers. Also, brain structure and function depend on APOE genotype not just for Alzheimer's disease patients but also in health elderly individuals, so APOE genotyping is considered critical in clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease. We used a large sample of elderly participants, with the help of a new automated surface registration system based on surface conformal parameterization with holomorphic 1-forms and surface fluid registration. In this system, we automatically segmented and constructed hippocampal surfaces from MR images at many different time points, such as 6 months, 1- and 2-year follow up. Between the two different hippocampal surfaces, we did the high-order correspondences, using a novel inverse consistent surface fluid registration method. At each time point, using Hotelling's T^2 test, we found significant morphological deformation in APOE e4 carriers relative to noncarriers in the entire cohort as well as in the non-demented (pooled MCI and control) subjects, affecting the left hippocampus more than the right, and this effect was more pronounced in e4 homozygotes than heterozygotes.
ContributorsLi, Bolun (Author) / Wang, Yalin (Thesis advisor) / Maciejewski, Ross (Committee member) / Liang, Jianming (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2015
Description
The present study aimed to advance the current understanding of the relation between disability and subjective well-being by examining the extent to which different facets of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) change before and after disability onset, and the extent to which age and type of disability moderate such changes. Multiphase growth-curve models to prospective longitudinal survey data from Waves 1-16 of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey (N = 3,795; mean age = 50.22; age range: 16-99; 51% women). On average, life satisfaction remained relatively stable across the disability transition, whereas positive affect declined and negative affect increased the year surrounding disability onset; in the years thereafter, neither positive affect nor negative affect returned to pre-onset levels. Individuals who acquired disability in old age were more likely to report sustained declines in subjective well-being than were individuals who became disabled in midlife or young adulthood. Psychological disability was associated with the strongest declines across each indicator of subjective well-being at disability onset but also greater adaptation in the years thereafter. The findings provide further evidence against the set-point theory of hedonic adaptation and for a more moderate viewpoint that allows for processes of adaptation to vary based on the outcome examined, the type of stressor, and individual characteristics. The discussion focuses on possible mechanisms underlying the moderating roles of age and type of disability.
ContributorsFraire, Nicoletta (Author) / Infurna, Frank J. (Thesis advisor) / Luthar, Suniya S. (Committee member) / Grimm, Kevin J. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants have been shown to have worse dietary behaviors compared to eligible non-participants. It is suggested that individuals who self-select into SNAP have unhealthy diets prior to program participation. This study examined the association between low-income adults’ SNAP participation status and dietary behaviors over time. A sample of households from low-income high-minority cities were surveyed at baseline (T1) and 2-4 years later (T2). Analyses were restricted to adults with household income < 200% of the federal poverty line (n=338). Participants were grouped into the four following categories: Long-term (n=171): SNAP participation at T1 and T2; Previous (n=47): SNAP participation at T1 but not T2; Current (n=38): SNAP participation at T2 but not T1; and Never (n=132): no SNAP participation at T1 or T2. Self-reported daily consumption frequency of whole fruits, fruit juice, vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and snacks were measured through self-reports. To observe dietary differences based on SNAP participation status, T2 behaviors of all groups were compared to those of the Never group. To observe dietary differences prior to SNAP participation, T1 behaviors were compared between Current and Never groups. There were no significant differences in dietary behaviors at T1 (prior to SNAP participation) between Never and Current participants providing no evidence of self-selection of unhealthy households into SNAP. Only marginal differences were found between SNAP participation status and dietary behaviors at T2. Improvements in SNAP participants’ diets may benefit from focusing on policy changes that encourage healthy dietary habits during participation in the program.
ContributorsUehara, Sarah (Author) / Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam (Thesis advisor) / Acciai, Francesco (Thesis advisor) / Ojinnaka, Chinedum (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023