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I think I can: the relation of self-efficacy to cessation and relapse among smokers utiilizing a telephone quitline

Description

When people pick up the phone to call a telephone quitline, they are taking an important step towards changing their smoking behavior. The current study investigated the role of a critical cognition in the cessation process--self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is thought to be influential in behavior change processes including those involved in…

When people pick up the phone to call a telephone quitline, they are taking an important step towards changing their smoking behavior. The current study investigated the role of a critical cognition in the cessation process--self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is thought to be influential in behavior change processes including those involved in the challenging process of stopping tobacco use. By applying basic principles of self-efficacy theory to smokers utilizing a telephone quitline, this study advanced our understanding of the nature of self-efficacy in a "real-world" cessation setting. Participants received between one and four intervention calls aimed at supporting them through their quit attempt. Concurrent with the initiation of this study, three items (confidence, stress, and urges) were added to the standard telephone protocol and assessed at each call. Two principal sets of hypotheses were tested using a combination of ANCOVAs and multiple regression analyses. The first set of hypotheses explored how self-efficacy and changes in self-efficacy within individuals were associated with cessation outcomes. Most research has found a positive linear relation between self-efficacy and quit outcomes, but this study tested the possibility that excessively high self-efficacy may actually reflect an overconfidence bias, and in some cases be negatively related to cessation outcomes. The second set of hypotheses addressed several smoking-related factors expected to affect self-efficacy. As predicted, higher baseline self-efficacy and increases in self-efficacy were associated with higher rates of quitting. However, contrary to predictions, there was no evidence that overconfidence led to diminished cessation success. Finally, as predicted, shorter duration of quit attempts, shorter time to relapse, and stronger urges all were associated with lower self-efficacy. In conclusion, understanding how self-efficacy and changes in self-efficacy affect and are affected by cessation outcomes is useful for informing both future research and current quitline intervention procedures.

ContributorsGoesling, Jenna (Author) / Barrera, Manuel (Thesis advisor) / Shiota, Lani (Committee member) / Enders, Craig (Committee member) / Presson, Clark (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)

Created2011

Nicotine Self-Administration and the Social Context

Description

Research suggests that the more positive the first drug experience, the more likely addiction will develop. Since smoking is initiated in a social setting, it is surprising how little is known about social context effects on acquisition of nicotine self-administration. We investigated this issue in rats during late adolescence using…

Research suggests that the more positive the first drug experience, the more likely addiction will develop. Since smoking is initiated in a social setting, it is surprising how little is known about social context effects on acquisition of nicotine self-administration. We investigated this issue in rats during late adolescence using conjoined self-administration chambers that had a removable shared wall. Rats were assigned to training conditions with either a solid black plexiglass or wire mesh partition in place throughout 22 subsequent 2-hour daily training sessions. Initially, 58 day-old (late-adolescent) male and female rats received 2, 30-min habituation sessions/day over 2 consecutive days, with only an inactive lever present. Sessions began with presentation of a retractable lever and thereafter each response on that lever resulted in simultaneous delivery of saline or 1 of 2 doses of nicotine (0.015 or 0.030 mg/kg, IV) and lever retraction for a 20-second time out. The findings indicate that the social context inhibits nicotine self-administration in female rats during the development of addiction, but has little effect on the initial stages of drug acquisition. Furthermore, the data suggest that in male rats the social context enhances responding independent of nicotine, but has few effects on nicotine self-administration during the development of addiction. The findings have important implications for substance use disorders.

ContributorsDufwenberg, Martin (Author) / Neisewander, Janet (Thesis director) / Deviche, Pierre (Committee member) / Peartree, Natalie (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (Contributor) / School of Politics and Global Studies (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)

Created2015-05

The effect of reward-delay in gain-framed messages on the behavior and self-esteem of cigarette smokers

Description

Many studies have supported the theory that gain-framed messaging is effective in changing smoking behavior. However, the importance of focusing on long-term positive benefits or short-term positive benefits in this messaging remains a mystery. This study investigated the role that reward-delay within gain-framed messaging has on the self-esteem and behavior…

Many studies have supported the theory that gain-framed messaging is effective in changing smoking behavior. However, the importance of focusing on long-term positive benefits or short-term positive benefits in this messaging remains a mystery. This study investigated the role that reward-delay within gain-framed messaging has on the self-esteem and behavior of cigarette smokers. Specifically, it sought to answer the question of whether short-term reward-delay messaging is more effective in increasing self-esteem and positive smoking behavior than long-term reward-delay messaging. An intervention was conducted in which participants, 16 female and 17 male, were exposed to either short-term reward-delay information or long-term reward-delay information. Self-esteem scores as well as smoking behavior were measured and compared before and after the intervention. Results from the study showed that participants in the short-term reward-delay group smoked 2 less cigarettes per day and 12 less cigarettes per week on average after the intervention than participants in the long-term reward-delay group. The results were also consistent with the findings of previous studies that suggest females are more heavily influenced by gain-framed messaging than males.

ContributorsHintze, Kellie Elizabeth (Author) / Chisum, Jack W. (Thesis director) / Brown, Carla J. (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)

Created2015-05

Richard Doll (1912–2005)

Description

Richard Doll was an epidemiologist and public figure in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Working primarily at the University of Oxford, in Oxford, England, Doll established a definitive correlation between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Furthermore, Doll’s work helped legitimize epidemiology as a scientific discipline. Doll’s research also helped…

Richard Doll was an epidemiologist and public figure in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Working primarily at the University of Oxford, in Oxford, England, Doll established a definitive correlation between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Furthermore, Doll’s work helped legitimize epidemiology as a scientific discipline. Doll’s research also helped establish modern guidelines for oncological studies, as well as for contemporary and future research on the effect of smoking on pregnancy and fetal development. In addition to studying the health effects of smoking, Doll also studied cervical cancer and contraceptives.

ContributorsGaetano, Phil (Author) / Dhein, Kelle (Editor) / Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia. (Publisher) / Arizona Board of Regents (Publisher)

Created2017-09-20

The British Doctors’ Study (1951–2001)

Description

From 1951 to 2001, researchers at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, conducted the British Doctors’ Study, a study that examined the smoking habits, disease rates, and mortality rates of physicians in Britain. Two epidemiologists, scientists who study occurrence and distribution of disease, Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill,…

From 1951 to 2001, researchers at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, conducted the British Doctors’ Study, a study that examined the smoking habits, disease rates, and mortality rates of physicians in Britain. Two epidemiologists, scientists who study occurrence and distribution of disease, Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill, initiated the study, and statistician Richard Peto joined the team in 1971. The objective of the study was to assess the risks associated with tobacco use, and its relationship to lung cancer. The researchers tracked 34,439 male doctors practicing in Britain, and recorded smoking habits, development of diseases including lung cancer, other cancers, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality rates. The researchers published updated results every ten years. In 1980, Doll and other researchers concluded a related study on the smoking habits and disease rates of female doctors practicing in Britain. The results of both studies provided evidence that individuals who smoked tobacco were more likely to develop chronic respiratory illnesses, including lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.

ContributorsGaetano, Phil (Author) / Nunez-Eddy, Claudia (Editor) / Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia. (Publisher) / Arizona Board of Regents (Publisher)

Created2018-01-30

Identifying and Evaluating the Impact of Ecological Factors on the Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors Among Arizona State University Students

Description

Ecological modeling can be used to analyze health risk behaviors and their relationship to ecological factors, which is useful in determining how social environmental factors influence an individual’s decisions. Environmental interactions shape the way that humans behave throughout the day, either through observation, action, or consequences. Specifically, health risk behaviors…

Ecological modeling can be used to analyze health risk behaviors and their relationship to ecological factors, which is useful in determining how social environmental factors influence an individual’s decisions. Environmental interactions shape the way that humans behave throughout the day, either through observation, action, or consequences. Specifically, health risk behaviors can be analyzed in relation to ecological factors. Alcohol drinking among college students has been a long concern and there are many risks associated with these behaviors in this population. Consistent engagement in health risk behaviors as a college student, such as drinking and smoking, can pose a much larger issues later in life and can lead to many different health problems. A research study was conducted in the form of a 27 question survey to determine and evaluate the impact of ecological factors on drinking and smoking behaviors among Arizona State University students. Ecological factors such as demographics, living conditions, contexts of social interactions, and places where students spend most of their time were used to evaluate the relationship between drinking and smoking behaviors and the ecological factors, both on- and off- campus.

ContributorsAndrade, Amber Marie (Co-author) / Naik, Sparshee (Co-author) / Werbick, Meghan (Co-author) / Mubayi, Anuj (Thesis director) / Gaughan, Monica (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)

Created2020-05

Perceptions And Physiological Implications Of Vaping As Compared To Other Carcinogens

Description

Since e-cigarettes were put on the market in 2007, the use of them has increased rapidly especially among young adults and adolescents. The purpose of this thesis was to identify young individuals’ harm perceptions of using e-cigarettes as compared to the harm perceptions of using carcinogens, and to compare the…

Since e-cigarettes were put on the market in 2007, the use of them has increased rapidly especially among young adults and adolescents. The purpose of this thesis was to identify young individuals’ harm perceptions of using e-cigarettes as compared to the harm perceptions of using carcinogens, and to compare the physiological effects of using e-cigarettes with those same carcinogens. Research was conducted by searching the Arizona State University Library website for articles that pertained to perceptions and physiological effects of e-cigarettes, conventional cigarettes, marijuana, and methamphetamine. Overall, young individuals have extremely low harm perceptions of using e-cigarettes, as compared to the other carcinogens. They perceived cigarettes to be the most dangerous and had the most knowledge on the subject, followed by methamphetamine, marijuana, and e-cigarettes with very little knowledge on the latter subjects. Many of the physiological effects of using e-cigarettes found in the research were shared with conventional cigarettes, marijuana, and methamphetamine. Specifically, using e-cigarettes results in negative physiological effects such as increased airway resistance, increased airway and lung tissue inflammation, increased bronchitic symptoms, increased mucin production, distal airspace enlargement, and increased cytokine and protease expression which are linked to COPD in chronic cigarette smokers. Other effects associated with decreased lung and respiratory function were shared with the chronic use of conventional cigarettes, marijuana, or methamphetamine. These findings can be used to inform young individuals of the harms that e-cigarettes may cause. More research needs to be conducted on the topic to identify the full range of physiological effects that using e-cigarettes may have on the body.

ContributorsMccluskey, Jennifer Marie (Author) / Penkrot, Tonya (Thesis director) / Blaize Nolan, Nicole (Committee member) / Watts College of Public Service & Community Solut (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)

Created2019-05

Comparing the Consumption Frequency of Foods with Added Sugar Among Young Adult Cigarette Smokers, Vapers, Dual Users, and Nonsmokers

Description

Objective: To determine the consumption frequency of foods with added sugar among smoking groups: nonsmokers, cigarette smokers, vapers, and dual users in young adults ages 18-24.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted using an online Qualtrics survey that included questions on demographics, smoking habits, and added sugar content and was…

Objective: To determine the consumption frequency of foods with added sugar among smoking groups: nonsmokers, cigarette smokers, vapers, and dual users in young adults ages 18-24.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted using an online Qualtrics survey that included questions on demographics, smoking habits, and added sugar content and was distributed across multiple platforms for 3 months. There were 47 qualifying participants that completed the survey.

Results: There were not many cigarette user or dual user respondents, so the groups studied were modified to nonsmokers and vapers+dual users (VDU) and nonsmokers vs. nicotine users that consisted of cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users, and dual users. There were 30 (63.8%) nonsmokers, 16 (34.1%) VDU, and 17 or 36.2% of all nicotine users recorded. The added sugar consumption frequency by the three groups was similar with scores of 1.37, 1.50, and 1.54 for nonsmokers, vapers+dual users, and nicotine users, respectively.

Conclusion: There was a high number of reported vapers in this study, and nonsmokers had the lowest added sugar consumption frequency closely followed by the VDU and all nicotine users group. All groups studied had relatively low added sugar scores. More research is needed to successfully compare the added sugar content of the four intended groups.

Policy Implications: Anti-vaping policies should be targeted to this group.

ContributorsPeterson, Tiffany (Author) / Leischow, Scott (Thesis director) / Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)

Created2022-05