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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Assisted Cycle Therapy (ACT) on self-efficacy and exercise perception in older adults with Down syndrome (DS) after a three times a week for 8 weeks intervention. Thirteen participants were in the ACT group in which a motor assisted their

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Assisted Cycle Therapy (ACT) on self-efficacy and exercise perception in older adults with Down syndrome (DS) after a three times a week for 8 weeks intervention. Thirteen participants were in the ACT group in which a motor assisted their cycling to be performed at least 30% faster than voluntary cycling (VC), 11 participants were in the voluntary cycling group and two participants were in the no cycling (NC) group. The results showed that both exercise groups (i.e., ACT and VC) improved in their self-efficacy after the 8 week intervention. In addition, exercise perception improved following ACT and not VC or NC. Our results are discussed with respect to their future implications for exercise in the DS population. It might be that the yielded results were due to differences in effort required by each intervention group as well as the neurotrophic factors that occur when muscle contractions create synaptic connections resulting in improvement in cognition and feelings of satisfaction. In the future, research should focus on the psychological factors such as social accountability and peer interaction as they relate to ACT and physical activity in person's with DS.
ContributorsTucker, Kori Ann (Author) / Ringenbach, Shannon (Thesis director) / Arnold, Nathaniel (Committee member) / Holzapfel, Simon (Committee member) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
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Description
This study examines the effectiveness of two modes of exercise on self-efficacy (SE) in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Thirty-nine participants were randomly divided into a voluntary cycling group (VC) (i.e., self-selected cadence), an assisted cycling group (ACT) (i.e., at least 30% faster than self-selected cadence accomplished by a motor),

This study examines the effectiveness of two modes of exercise on self-efficacy (SE) in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Thirty-nine participants were randomly divided into a voluntary cycling group (VC) (i.e., self-selected cadence), an assisted cycling group (ACT) (i.e., at least 30% faster than self-selected cadence accomplished by a motor), or a no exercise group (NC). In each cycling intervention the participant completed 30 minute cycling sessions, three times per week for a total of eight weeks. Two subsets of the Physical Activity and Self Efficacy Survey were administered prior to cycling (i.e., pretest) and after the eight week intervention (i.e., post-test). The results were consistent with the hypothesis that self-efficacy would improve after ACT, however there was not improvement after the VC condition as hypothesized. It was also hypothesized that exercise perception would improve following the ACT intervention; execise perception showed a trend of improvement after ACT, but the data did not reach significance. Limitations include the wide variability of the DS population. This limitation is responsible for the variation in mental age seen in the intervention groups and could be responsible for the non-significance of the exercise perception data. To generalize our results for parents, therapists, teachers, etc., our recommendation is for persons with DS to participate in physical activity that is easy for them at first \u2014 a simplified sport or active game, assisted cycling, brisk walking \u2014 so that they have a positive experience with exercise. Showing individuals with DS that they can be proficient exercisers will likely improve their self-efficacy and motivate them to engage in more PA over time. In conclusion, eight weeks of moderate ACT exercise demonstrated a significant trend for improved self-efficacy in adolescents with DS.
ContributorsWallace, Kellie Carter (Author) / Ringenbach, Shannon (Thesis director) / Youngstedt, Shawn (Committee member) / Hoffner, Kristin (Committee member) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2015-12
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Description
This study examines the effectiveness of two modes of exercise on self-efficacy (SE) and exercise perception (EP) in adults with Down syndrome (DS). Thirteen participants attended four sessions: a baseline assessment, an Assisted Cycling Therapy (ACT) session, a resistance training (RT) session, and a session of no training (NT). In

This study examines the effectiveness of two modes of exercise on self-efficacy (SE) and exercise perception (EP) in adults with Down syndrome (DS). Thirteen participants attended four sessions: a baseline assessment, an Assisted Cycling Therapy (ACT) session, a resistance training (RT) session, and a session of no training (NT). In the baseline assessment, 1-repetition max (1RM) measurements and voluntary pedal rate measurements were taken. In the cycling intervention, the participant completed 30 minutes of assisted cycling at 35 percent greater than their voluntary pedaling rate. In the resistance training session, 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions of the leg press, chest press, seated row, leg curl, shoulder press, and latissimus pulldown were performed. During the session of no training, participants played board games with student researchers for 35 minutes.Two subsets of the Physical Activity and Self Efficacy Survey were administered prior to each session (i.e., pretest) and after the intervention (i.e., post-test). The results were consistent with the hypothesis that ACT would lead to higher SE than RT or NT. However, ACT did not lead to higher EP than RT or NT as hypothesized. Additionally, it was hypothesized that RT would lead to higher SE and EP than NT, but the results did not support this. In conclusion, an acute session of ACT demonstrated a significant trend for improved self-efficacy in adults with DS.
ContributorsOberbillig, Nicole (Author) / Ringenbach, Shannon (Thesis director) / Ofori, Edward (Committee member) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
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Description
This research paper examines the impact of journaling on anxiety and team cohesion on a women’s beach volleyball team (n=12). Each athlete was given a 30-Day Reset Journal to complete and asked to complete a mid and end of program survey assessing their anxiety and team cohesion levels. The team

This research paper examines the impact of journaling on anxiety and team cohesion on a women’s beach volleyball team (n=12). Each athlete was given a 30-Day Reset Journal to complete and asked to complete a mid and end of program survey assessing their anxiety and team cohesion levels. The team head coach (n=1) was asked to have weekly discussions with the team about the journal and respond to a mid and end of program survey assessing if they perceived their team was benefiting from the journal. Athlete anxiety results were broken into four categories: Total Anxiety (p value: 0.40), Worry Score (p value: 0.41), Concentration Disruption Score (p value: 0.82), and Somatic Trait Score (p value: 0.20). Team cohesion results were displayed in five categories: Total Team Cohesion (p value: 0.46), Purpose and Goals (p value: 0.17), Team Relationships (p value: 0.26), Problem Solving (p value: 0.85), and Skills and Learning (p value: 0.47). Although anxiety scores did overall decrease, the data reflected no significant difference between the middle and end surveys. Team cohesion results also displayed decreases with no significant difference between the two surveys. Throughout the study, only four statements within the survey displayed significant change between mid and end program surveys (three anxiety and one team cohesion). Though results were not found to be significant, this study provides some insight into the potential benefits journaling can offer athletes in lowering their anxiety and how placing an emphasis on team discussion with a focus on goal development and shared purpose can increase team cohesion.
ContributorsRobinson, Bailey (Author) / Troy, Hanna (Co-author) / Hoffner, Kristin (Thesis director) / Miossi, Lindsay (Committee member) / Tallman, Priscilla (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)
Created2022-05
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Description

This research paper examines the impact of journaling on anxiety and team cohesion on a women’s beach volleyball team (n=12). Each athlete was given a 30-Day Reset Journal to complete and asked to complete a mid and end of program survey assessing their anxiety and team cohesion levels. The team

This research paper examines the impact of journaling on anxiety and team cohesion on a women’s beach volleyball team (n=12). Each athlete was given a 30-Day Reset Journal to complete and asked to complete a mid and end of program survey assessing their anxiety and team cohesion levels. The team head coach (n=1) was asked to have weekly discussions with the team about the journal and respond to a mid and end of program survey assessing if they perceived their team was benefiting from the journal. Athlete anxiety results were broken into four categories: Total Anxiety (p value: 0.40), Worry Score (p value: 0.41), Concentration Disruption Score (p value: 0.82), and Somatic Trait Score (p value: 0.20). Team cohesion results were displayed in five categories: Total Team Cohesion (p value: 0.46), Purpose and Goals (p value: 0.17), Team Relationships (p value: 0.26), Problem Solving (p value: 0.85), and Skills and Learning (p value: 0.47). Although anxiety scores did overall decrease, the data reflected no significant difference between the middle and end surveys. Team cohesion results also displayed decreases with no significant difference between the two surveys. Throughout the study, only four statements within the survey displayed significant change between mid and end program surveys (three anxiety and one team cohesion). Though results were not found to be significant, this study provides some insight into the potential benefits journaling can offer athletes in lowering their anxiety and how placing an emphasis on team discussion with a focus on goal development and shared purpose can increase team cohesion.

ContributorsTroy, Hanna (Author) / Robinson, Bailey (Co-author) / Hoffner, Kristin (Thesis director) / Miossi, Lindsey (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)
Created2022-05