Matching Items (3)
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- All Subjects: Alzheimer's Disease
- Member of: Theses and Dissertations
- Status: Published
Description
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 genotype is the most prevalent known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this paper, we examined the longitudinal effect of APOE e4 on hippocampal morphometry in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Generally, atrophy of hippocampus has more chance occurs in AD patients who carrying the APOE e4 allele than those who are APOE e4 noncarriers. Also, brain structure and function depend on APOE genotype not just for Alzheimer's disease patients but also in health elderly individuals, so APOE genotyping is considered critical in clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease. We used a large sample of elderly participants, with the help of a new automated surface registration system based on surface conformal parameterization with holomorphic 1-forms and surface fluid registration. In this system, we automatically segmented and constructed hippocampal surfaces from MR images at many different time points, such as 6 months, 1- and 2-year follow up. Between the two different hippocampal surfaces, we did the high-order correspondences, using a novel inverse consistent surface fluid registration method. At each time point, using Hotelling's T^2 test, we found significant morphological deformation in APOE e4 carriers relative to noncarriers in the entire cohort as well as in the non-demented (pooled MCI and control) subjects, affecting the left hippocampus more than the right, and this effect was more pronounced in e4 homozygotes than heterozygotes.
ContributorsLi, Bolun (Author) / Wang, Yalin (Thesis advisor) / Maciejewski, Ross (Committee member) / Liang, Jianming (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2015
Description
The ability to profile proteins allows us to gain a deeper understanding of organization, regulation, and function of different biological systems. Many technologies are currently being used in order to accurately perform the protein profiling. Some of these technologies include mass spectrometry, microarray based analysis, and fluorescence microscopy. Deeper analysis of these technologies have demonstrated limitations which have taken away from either the efficiency or the accuracy of the results. The objective of this project was to develop a technology in which highly multiplexed single cell in situ protein analysis can be completed in a comprehensive manner without the loss of the protein targets. This was accomplished in the span of 3 steps which is referred to as the immunofluorescence cycle. Antibodies with attached fluorophores with the help of novel azide-based cleavable linker are used to detect protein targets. Fluorescence imaging and data storage procedures are done on the targets and then the fluorophores are cleaved from the antibodies without the loss of the protein targets. Continuous cycles of the immunofluorescence procedure can help create a comprehensive and quantitative profile of the protein. The development of such a technique will not only help us understand biological systems such as solid tumor, brain tissues, and developing embryos. But it will also play a role in real-world applications such as signaling network analysis, molecular diagnosis and cellular targeted therapies.
ContributorsGupta, Aakriti (Author) / Guo, Jia (Thesis director) / Liang, Jianming (Committee member) / Computer Science and Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-12
Description
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gets worse over time. It is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia. There is growing interest in identifying brain image biomarkers that help evaluate AD risk pre-symptomatically. High-dimensional non-linear pattern classification methods have been applied to structural magnetic resonance images (MRI’s) and used to discriminate between clinical groups in Alzheimers progression. Using Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) as the pre- ferred imaging modality, this thesis develops two independent machine learning based patch analysis methods and uses them to perform six binary classification experiments across different (AD) diagnostic categories. Specifically, features were extracted and learned using dimensionality reduction and dictionary learning & sparse coding by taking overlapping patches in and around the cerebral cortex and using them as fea- tures. Using AdaBoost as the preferred choice of classifier both methods try to utilize 18F-FDG PET as a biological marker in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s . Addi- tional we investigate the involvement of rich demographic features (ApoeE3, ApoeE4 and Functional Activities Questionnaires (FAQ)) in classification. The experimental results on Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of both the proposed systems. The use of 18F-FDG PET may offer a new sensitive biomarker and enrich the brain imaging analysis toolset for studying the diagnosis and prognosis of AD.
ContributorsSrivastava, Anant (Author) / Wang, Yalin (Thesis advisor) / Bansal, Ajay (Thesis advisor) / Liang, Jianming (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2017