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Description
This study examines the effect of exercise therapy on a stationary bike on cognitive function, specifically inhibition and set-switching, in adolescents with Down syndrome. 44 participants were randomly divided between the voluntary cycling therapy group (VCT) (i.e., self-selected cadence), assisted cycling therapy group (ACT) (i.e., 30% faster than self-selected cadence

This study examines the effect of exercise therapy on a stationary bike on cognitive function, specifically inhibition and set-switching, in adolescents with Down syndrome. 44 participants were randomly divided between the voluntary cycling therapy group (VCT) (i.e., self-selected cadence), assisted cycling therapy group (ACT) (i.e., 30% faster than self-selected cadence accomplished by a motor), and a control group (NC) in which the participants did not undergo any exercise therapy. Both cycling groups rode a stationary bicycle, for 30 minutes, three times a week, for eight-weeks. At the beginning (i.e., pretest) and end (i.e., posttest) of the eight-week session the participants completed tasks to evaluate their cognitive function. They completed three trials of the card sort test (i.e., set-switching) and three trials of the knock-tap test (i.e, inhibition) before and after eight-weeks of cycling therapy. The scores of these tests were analyzed using one-way ANOVA between groups and paired samples t-tests. The results showed that after eight-weeks of cycling therapy the participants in the VCT group performed worse in the knock-tap test, but improved in two trials of the card sort test. The results also showed that the participants in the ACT group performed worse after eight-weeks of exercise therapy in one trial of the card sort test. No significant changes were seen for the control group. Due to the fact that on average the participants in the VCT group cycled with a higher heart rate, our results suggest exercise that significantly elevates heart rate can improve cognitive function, specifically set-switching, in adolescents with Down syndrome.
ContributorsBenson, Alicia Meigh (Author) / Ringenbach, Shannon (Thesis director) / Amazeen, Eric (Committee member) / Maraj, Brian (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2015-05
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Description
The purpose of this study, originally, was to contribute to the completion of a meta-analysis conducted by Mara Wierstra from the University of Virginia. Wierstra had requested individual participant data from two separate studies conducted in our lab: "Acute bouts of assisted cycling improves cognitive and upper extremity movement functions

The purpose of this study, originally, was to contribute to the completion of a meta-analysis conducted by Mara Wierstra from the University of Virginia. Wierstra had requested individual participant data from two separate studies conducted in our lab: "Acute bouts of assisted cycling improves cognitive and upper extremity movement functions in adolescents with Down syndrome" and "Assisted Cycling Therapy (ACT) improves inhibition in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder." From the data requested, the participants were required to complete three separate tests (i.e., Tower of London, Trail Making Task and the Stroop Test). After compiling the data and sending it to her, we decided to conduct a small meta-analysis of our own, drawing connecting conclusions from the data from the two studies. We concluded that observationally our data suggest an advantage for ACT over voluntary cycling and no cycling across two separate populations (i.e., Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down syndrome), and across different measures of executive function (i.e., Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, and Tower of London). The data suggest that the ACT interventions may promote the upregulation of neurotropic factors leading to neurogenesis in the prefrontal cortex of the brain.
ContributorsParker, Cade Joseph (Author) / Ringenbach, Shannon (Thesis director) / Holzapfel, Simon (Committee member) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-12
Description
Statistics show that the termination rates for fetuses with Down syndrome are substantially higher compared to the general population. Perhaps pregnant women are led to believe that this is the best option for them. The information that leads them to this conclusion could be one of the leading factors for

Statistics show that the termination rates for fetuses with Down syndrome are substantially higher compared to the general population. Perhaps pregnant women are led to believe that this is the best option for them. The information that leads them to this conclusion could be one of the leading factors for the high termination rates. In an attempt to understand the reasons behind the high termination rates the following question must be addressed: “What information is available to pregnant women that may influence their decision to terminate or not terminate fetuses with Trisomy 21?” In order to answer this question I completed a comprehensive literature review of the information available to pregnant women in the United States after they find out there fetus has Trisomy 21. The results showed that many sources publish information that is straightforward, factual, and attempts to make sure that pregnant women are fully informed on the reality of life with a child with Down syndrome. However, there are also many sources that publish information that is biased and attempts to influence a woman’s decision of whether to keep or abort her fetus with Trisomy 21. The results from this study suggest that the message conveyed from a given article relies heavily on who is doing the writing, the type of article it is, and were it is published. This provides women with a confusing array of different ideas, as opposed to offering them objective facts and consistent information. When a pregnant woman is told that her fetus is positive for the Trisomy 21 disorder and will be born with Down syndrome, it can be a very scary and emotional time. Women in this situation deserve easy access the correct information in order to help them make an informed decision based on their own choice and not the opinion of someone else.
ContributorsFitzgerald, Grace (Author) / Maienschein, Jane (Thesis director) / Ziganshina, Dina (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor)
Created2022-05
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Description

Statistics show that the termination rates for fetuses with Down syndrome are substantially higher compared to the general population. Perhaps pregnant women are led to believe that this is the best option for them. The information that leads them to this conclusion could be one of the leading factors for

Statistics show that the termination rates for fetuses with Down syndrome are substantially higher compared to the general population. Perhaps pregnant women are led to believe that this is the best option for them. The information that leads them to this conclusion could be one of the leading factors for the high termination rates. In an attempt to understand the reasons behind the high termination rates the following question must be addressed: “What information is available to pregnant women that may influence their decision to terminate or not terminate fetuses with Trisomy 21?” In order to answer this question I completed a comprehensive literature review of the information available to pregnant women in the United States after they find out there fetus has Trisomy 21. The results showed that many sources publish information that is straightforward, factual, and attempts to make sure that pregnant women are fully informed on the reality of life with a child with Down syndrome. However, there are also many sources that publish information that is biased and attempts to influence a woman’s decision of whether to keep or abort her fetus with Trisomy 21. The results from this study suggest that the message conveyed from a given article relies heavily on who is doing the writing, the type of article it is, and were it is published. This provides women with a confusing array of different ideas, as opposed to offering them objective facts and consistent information. When a pregnant woman is told that her fetus is positive for the Trisomy 21 disorder and will be born with Down syndrome, it can be a very scary and emotional time. Women in this situation deserve easy access the correct information in order to help them make an informed decision based on their own choice and not the opinion of someone else.

ContributorsFitzgerald, Grace (Author) / Maienschein, Jane (Thesis director) / Ziganshina, Dina (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2022-05
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Description

Statistics show that the termination rates for fetuses with Down syndrome are substantially higher compared to the general population. Perhaps pregnant women are led to believe that this is the best option for them. The information that leads them to this conclusion could be one of the leading factors for

Statistics show that the termination rates for fetuses with Down syndrome are substantially higher compared to the general population. Perhaps pregnant women are led to believe that this is the best option for them. The information that leads them to this conclusion could be one of the leading factors for the high termination rates. In an attempt to understand the reasons behind the high termination rates the following question must be addressed: “What information is available to pregnant women that may influence their decision to terminate or not terminate fetuses with Trisomy 21?” In order to answer this question I completed a comprehensive literature review of the information available to pregnant women in the United States after they find out there fetus has Trisomy 21. The results showed that many sources publish information that is straightforward, factual, and attempts to make sure that pregnant women are fully informed on the reality of life with a child with Down syndrome. However, there are also many sources that publish information that is biased and attempts to influence a woman’s decision of whether to keep or abort her fetus with Trisomy 21. The results from this study suggest that the message conveyed from a given article relies heavily on who is doing the writing, the type of article it is, and were it is published. This provides women with a confusing array of different ideas, as opposed to offering them objective facts and consistent information. When a pregnant woman is told that her fetus is positive for the Trisomy 21 disorder and will be born with Down syndrome, it can be a very scary and emotional time. Women in this situation deserve easy access the correct information in order to help them make an informed decision based on their own choice and not the opinion of someone else.

ContributorsFitzgerald, Grace (Author) / Maienschein, Jane (Thesis director) / Ziganshina, Dina (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2022-05