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Description
Background. Proprioception plays a large role in everyday functioning, involving both information of body position and movement (Johnson & Panayotis, 2010). Clinical assessments of proprioception are largely subjective and are not reliable measures for testing proprioception in impaired or unimpaired individuals. Recent advancements in technology and robotics have brought about new assessments that involve position matching and other paradigms. However, the results are confined to the horizontal plane and only look at a very small subset of human proprioceptive ability. Objective. The present study looks to overcome these limitations and examine differences in proprioceptive sensitivity across different directions in 3D space. Methods. Participants were recruited from Arizona State University to perform a "same-different" discrimination test using a robotic arm. Each participant was tested along two of the three directions, and within each direction, proprioception at four distances (1-4 cm) was tested. Performance was quantified using percent correct, d' analysis, and permutation testing on median and variance values. Results. Proprioceptive sensitivity was significantly greater in the up direction vs. down and back across all distances. The greatest difference in sensitivity occurred at 3 cm; permutation tests using median and variance values from percent correct and d' found statistical significance at this distance in the up vs. down and up vs. back comparisons. Conclusions. There is evidence that proprioceptive sensitivity is greater in an anti-gravity direction (up), in comparison to gravity-assisted or gravity-neutral (down and back) directions.
ContributorsPatel, Megha (Author) / Buneo, Christopher (Thesis director) / Helms Tillery, Stephen (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-12
Description
The following study applies research on Implicit Person Theory (IPT) to the context of organizational communication. IPT scholars argue that most individuals ascribe to one of two groups regarding perceptions of ability: entity or incremental theorists. Entity theorists believe abilities are fixed, unchanging, and constant, whereas incremental theorists believe abilities are changeable, malleable, and subject to development. Incremental theories are a predictor of success, while entity theories can stifle development (e.g., Dweck, 2006). This study explores the relationship employees' mindsets have on the organization, including learner empowerment, impression management, organizational dissent, and guilt. The present study reasons that incremental (versus entity) theorists will exhibit higher perception of learner empowerment, lower expression of impression management behaviors, higher expression of organizational dissent, and a lower perception of organizational related guilt. No significant results were found on the directional relationships predicted; however, this study presents implications for future research in the area of IPT and organizational communication.
ContributorsWallace, Brittney Sierra (Author) / Adame, Elissa (Thesis director) / Martin, Judith (Committee member) / Saffer, Adam (Committee member) / Hugh Downs School of Human Communication (Contributor) / W. P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-05