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A Cross-State Longitudinal Study of Opioid-Related Deaths Associated with Opioid and Naloxone Prescribing and Prevention Laws

Description

More than 40% of all U.S. opioid overdose deaths in 2016 involved a prescription opioid, with more than 46 people dying every day from overdoses involving prescription opioids, (CDC, 2017). Over the years, lawmakers have implemented policies and laws to address the opioid epidemic, and many of these vary from…

More than 40% of all U.S. opioid overdose deaths in 2016 involved a prescription opioid, with more than 46 people dying every day from overdoses involving prescription opioids, (CDC, 2017). Over the years, lawmakers have implemented policies and laws to address the opioid epidemic, and many of these vary from state to state. This study will lay out the basic guidelines of common pieces of legislation. It also examines relationships between 6 state-specific prescribing or preventative laws and associated changes in opioid-related deaths using a longitudinal cross-state study design (2007-2015). Specifically, it uses a linear regression to examine changes in state-specific rates of opioid-related deaths after implementation of specific policies, and whether states implementing these policies saw smaller increases than states without these policies. Initial key findings of this study show that three policies have a statistically significant association with opioid related overdose deaths are—Good Samaritan Laws, Standing Order Laws, and Naloxone Liability Laws. Paradoxically, all three policies correlated with an increase in opioid overdose deaths between 2007 and 2016. However, after correcting for the potential spurious relationship between state-specific timing of policy implementation and death rates, two policies have a statistically significant association (alpha <0.05) with opioid overdose death rates. First, the Naloxone Liability Laws were significantly associated with changes in opioid-related deaths and was correlated with a 0.33 log increase in opioid overdose death rates, or a 29% increase. This equates to about 1.39 more deaths per year per 100,000 people. Second, the legislation that allows for 3rd Party Naloxone prescriptions correlated with a 0.33 log decrease in opioid overdose death rates, or a 29% decrease. This equates to 1.39 fewer deaths per year per 100,000 people.

ContributorsDavis, Joshua Alan (Author) / Hruschka, Daniel (Thesis director) / Gaughan, Monica (Committee member) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)

Created2019-05

Soiled: An Environmental Podcast

Description

Soiled: An Environmental Podcast is a six episode series where common environmental topics are discussed and misconceptions surrounding these topics are debunked.

ContributorsJones, Cassity Rachelle (Co-author) / Kuta, Tiffany (Co-author) / Turner, Natalie (Co-author) / Boyer, Mackenzie (Thesis director) / Ward, Kristen (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)

Created2021-05

Advancing the Implementation of Medication-Assisted Treatment in Residential Treatment

Description

Abstract
Objective: To assess the attitudes and knowledge of behavioral health technicians (BHTs)
towards opioid overdose management and to assess the effect of online training on opioid
overdose response on BHTs’ attitudes and knowledge, and the confidence to identify and
respond to opioid overdose situations.

Design/Methods: Pre-intervention Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) and Opioid
Overdose Attitude…

Abstract
Objective: To assess the attitudes and knowledge of behavioral health technicians (BHTs)
towards opioid overdose management and to assess the effect of online training on opioid
overdose response on BHTs’ attitudes and knowledge, and the confidence to identify and
respond to opioid overdose situations.

Design/Methods: Pre-intervention Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) and Opioid
Overdose Attitude Scale (OOAS) surveys were administered electronically to five BHTs in
2020. Data obtained were de-identified. Comparisons between responses to pre-and post-surveys questions were carried out using the standardized Wilcoxon signed-rank statistical test(z). This study was conducted in a residential treatment center (RTC) with the institutional review board's approval from Arizona State University. BHTs aged 18 years and above, working at this RTC were included in the study.

Interventions: An online training was provided on opioid overdose response (OOR) and
naloxone administration and on when to refer patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) for
medication-assisted treatment.

Results: Compared to the pre-intervention surveys, the BHTs showed significant improvements
in attitudes on the overall score on the OOAS (mean= 26.4 ± 13.1; 95% CI = 10.1 - 42.7; z =
2.02; p = 0.043) and significant improvement in knowledge on the OOKS (mean= 10.6 ± 6.5;
95% CI = 2.5 – 18.7; z =2.02, p = 0.043).

Conclusions and Relevance: Training BHTs working in an RTC on opioid overdose response is
effective in increasing attitudes and knowledge related to opioid overdose management. opioid
overdose reversal in RTCs.

Keywords: Naloxone, opioid overdose, overdose education, overdose response program

ContributorsQuie, Georgette (Author) / Guthery, Ann (Thesis advisor)

Created2021-04-12

Advancing the Implementation of Medication-Assisted Treatment in Residential Treatment

Description

Objective: To assess the attitudes and knowledge of behavioral health technicians (BHTs) towards opioid overdose management and to assess the effect of online training on opioid overdose response on BHTs’ attitudes and knowledge, and the confidence to identify and respond to opioid overdose situations. Design/Methods: Pre-intervention Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) and Opioid Overdose Attitude…

Objective: To assess the attitudes and knowledge of behavioral health technicians (BHTs) towards opioid overdose management and to assess the effect of online training on opioid overdose response on BHTs’ attitudes and knowledge, and the confidence to identify and respond to opioid overdose situations. Design/Methods: Pre-intervention Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) and Opioid Overdose Attitude Scale (OOAS) surveys were administered electronically to five BHTs in 2020. Data obtained were de-identified. Comparisons between responses to pre-and post-surveys questions were carried out using the standardized Wilcoxon signed-rank statistical test(z). This study was conducted in a residential treatment center (RTC) with the institutional review board's approval from Arizona State University. BHTs aged 18 years and above, working at this RTC were included in the study. Interventions: An online training was provided on opioid overdose response (OOR) and naloxone administration and on when to refer patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) for medication-assisted treatment. Results: Compared to the pre-intervention surveys, the BHTs showed significant improvements in attitudes on the overall score on the OOAS (mean= 26.4 ± 13.1; 95% CI = 10.1 - 42.7; z = 2.02; p = 0.043) and significant improvement in knowledge on the OOKS (mean= 10.6 ± 6.5; 95% CI = 2.5 – 18.7; z =2.02, p = 0.043). Conclusions and Relevance: Training BHTs working in an RTC on opioid overdose response is effective in increasing attitudes and knowledge related to opioid overdose management. opioid overdose reversal in RTCs.

ContributorsQuie, Georgette (Author) / Guthery, Ann (Thesis advisor) / Arizona State University. College of Nursing & Healthcare Innovation (Contributor)

Created2021-04-12

Panic and Potential Pandemia

Description

The United States has been facing a resurgence of vaccine preventable infectious diseases. Non-medical vaccination exemptions (NMEs) which include religious exemptions and philosophical vaccine exemptions are contributing factors in state vaccination rates dropping. The policies surrounding such exemptions vary from state to state. Some states with higher rates of nonmedical…

The United States has been facing a resurgence of vaccine preventable infectious diseases. Non-medical vaccination exemptions (NMEs) which include religious exemptions and philosophical vaccine exemptions are contributing factors in state vaccination rates dropping. The policies surrounding such exemptions vary from state to state. Some states with higher rates of nonmedical vaccine exemptions are dealing with repercussions for this including vaccination rates falling below desired herd immunity and thus putting vulnerable populations such as those who are immunocompromised, too young for vaccination and the elderly at a higher risk.

This thesis aims to examine vaccine preventable re-emerging infectious diseases in the United States with the objective of reaching vaccine hesitant populations and providing them with the tools to make informed decisions to seek out immunizations. This will be done by exploring five different diseases and infections, discussing why some individuals feel hesitant to get immunizations, examining how nonmedical vaccine exemptions are correlated to increased cases of disease outbreaks, looking into state laws specifically focused on countering nonmedical vaccine exemptions and the steps that can be taken moving forward.

ContributorsUmar, Syeda (Author) / Jehn, Megan (Thesis director) / Glegziabher, Meskerem (Committee member) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor) / School of Sustainability (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)

Created2020-05

Sana Sana: A Latinx Health Magazine

Description

With the Latinx community anticipated to make up ~30% of the population by 2060, it will be crucial more than ever to mitigate the health disparities preventing them from equitable well-being. From a higher prevalence of obesity to better understanding mental health, there exists a myriad of challenges imposed against…

With the Latinx community anticipated to make up ~30% of the population by 2060, it will be crucial more than ever to mitigate the health disparities preventing them from equitable well-being. From a higher prevalence of obesity to better understanding mental health, there exists a myriad of challenges imposed against the community; however, its largest barrier is American hegemony. This is because their biases have exacerbated the public health system, preventing one from accessing their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. As a result, intervention goals, most commonly through educational settings, fail to be met. One of the worst results: poor health literacy rates. Without proper health literacy skills, individuals lack the knowledge required to best manage their health. Unfortunately, the Latinx community is reported to have fewer strengths in terms of this; hence, Sana Sana was created. Through this magazine, the project intends to increase general healthy literacy, improve health trajectories, and promote overall well-being amongst Latino adolescents.

ContributorsZaldivar, Israel O. (Author) / Hinde, Katie (Thesis director) / Murphy, Ana (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)

Created2020-05

Process of Writing a Children's Book on Achondroplasia Directed at Children Without Genetic Disorders to Understand the Genetics, Symptoms, Limitations, and Experiences of Children with Achondroplasia

Description

This thesis summarizes the process of writing a children's book about achondroplasia directed at children without genetic disorders. The thesis also includes the children's book The Genetics of Little People that was created during the project.

ContributorsBinsfeld, Allison (Author) / Watkins, Payton (Co-author) / Wilson, Melissa (Thesis director) / Hunt Brendish, Katherine (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor)

Created2022-05