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A History and Analysis of Drug Labeling Policy for Pregnant and Lactating Women and Women's Involvement in Clinical Drug Research from 1970 to 2014

Description
The inherent risk in testing drugs has been hotly debated since the government first started regulating the drug industry in the early 1900s. Who can assume the risks associated with trying new pharmaceuticals is unclear when looked at through society's lens. In the mid twentieth century, the US Food and…

The inherent risk in testing drugs has been hotly debated since the government first started regulating the drug industry in the early 1900s. Who can assume the risks associated with trying new pharmaceuticals is unclear when looked at through society's lens. In the mid twentieth century, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published several guidance documents encouraging researchers to exclude women from early clinical drug research. The motivation to publish those documents and the subsequent guidance documents in which the FDA and other regulatory offices established their standpoints on women in drug research may have been connected to current events at the time. The problem of whether women should be involved in drug research is a question of who can assume risk and who is responsible for disseminating what specific kinds of information. The problem tends to be framed as one that juxtaposes the health of women and fetuses and sets their health as in opposition. That opposition, coupled with the inherent uncertainty in testing drugs, provides for a complex set of issues surrounding consent and access to information.
ContributorsMeek, Caroline Jane (Author) / Maienschein, Jane (Thesis director) / Brian, Jennifer (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
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The Market For Bodies: Investigating the Landscape of Nontransplant Anatomical Donation Organizations

Description
While there is extensive information available about organizations that receive donated organs for transplant, much less is known about those that accept tissue and whole bodies for medical education and research. Throughout the United States, nontransplant anatomical donation organizations exist within an ambiguous sector of the donation industry, unencumbered by…

While there is extensive information available about organizations that receive donated organs for transplant, much less is known about those that accept tissue and whole bodies for medical education and research. Throughout the United States, nontransplant anatomical donation organizations exist within an ambiguous sector of the donation industry, unencumbered by federal regulations. Although these companies adhere to the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act, the lack of a single entity responsible for overseeing their operations has led to public skepticism and animosity among competing businesses. Legislation has the potential to legitimize the industry. For it to be successful, however, the intricacies of a complex market that deals directly with the movement of human remains and intangible issues of human integrity and morality, must be thoroughly understood.
ContributorsGlynn, Emily Sanders (Author) / Brian, Jennifer (Thesis director) / Fisher, Rebecca (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor) / Department of English (Contributor)
Created2015-05
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Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Research, Medicine, and Patients

Description
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that is becoming increasingly common. Autism does not yet have a known etiology, nor a definitive diagnostic test, thus making diagnosis a difficult and rarely uniform task. Currently, ASD is behaviorally diagnosed based on criteria defined by the American Psychiatric Association…

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that is becoming increasingly common. Autism does not yet have a known etiology, nor a definitive diagnostic test, thus making diagnosis a difficult and rarely uniform task. Currently, ASD is behaviorally diagnosed based on criteria defined by the American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Recently, a change was made in the criteria from more lenient criteria in DSM-IV-TR, to more narrow criteria laid out by the DSM-V, which supersedes the DSM-IV-TR. This drastic change raised many questions and debates about which set of criteria are better. The more lenient criteria offers a more inclusive diagnosis giving greater access to therapies; while the narrow diagnostic criteria excludes some individuals, creating a more uniform diagnosis that's easier to use in research. This thesis analyzes the change in diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV-TR to the DSM-V and the effects of these changes on the practices of diagnosis. In addition, it explores the implications of this change for the families of children with autism and for those involved in autism research, examining their respective opinions and interests pertaining to narrow verses broad diagnostic criteria. Building on this analysis, the thesis offers recommendations about diagnostic criteria should be set. It argues that the wellbeing of patients takes priority over the interests of researchers, and thus diagnosis should be done in a way that offers the best prognosis for all children who suffer from autistic symptoms.
ContributorsBremer, Michelle Nichole (Author) / Hurlbut, Ben (Thesis director) / Robert, Jason (Committee member) / Brian, Jennifer (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-12

Healthcare Leadership Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Description

COVID-19 has been challenging for nearly everyone in different ways. Healthcare organizations have had to quickly change policy, modify operations, reorganize facilities, hire, and train staff to overcome COVID-19 related challenges to be able to still provide care for patients, all while being mindful of the protection of their staff.…

COVID-19 has been challenging for nearly everyone in different ways. Healthcare organizations have had to quickly change policy, modify operations, reorganize facilities, hire, and train staff to overcome COVID-19 related challenges to be able to still provide care for patients, all while being mindful of the protection of their staff. Some healthcare organizations have responded particularly well, perhaps due to preparedness, planning, or exceptional leadership in times of crisis. To explore this, we invited seven healthcare system leaders from three different organizations in Arizona to talk about how they overcame challenges at the beginning of this pandemic with effective strategies and any leadership tips they had for the future. After the interviews were conducted, the interviews were transcribed, coded qualitatively, and separated into themes and categories to analyze their answers to the questions asked. The results and conclusions included strategies such as having open and honest communication, teamwork, rapidly developing communicating policies, and widely adopting new work practices like Telemedicine, Zoom, and working at home as crucial. This report is designed to assist in aiding and inspiring future or other leaders to be better prepared for solving various challenges with other emergencies that arise in the future.
ContributorsDarira, Saigayatri (Author) / Doebbeling, Bradley (Thesis director) / Don, Rachael (Committee member) / Franczak, Michael (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
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My PTPro App - Circadian Health

Description
Physical therapy patients still receive their plan of care onto a piece of paper when there are hundreds of engaging physical therapy exercise videos on the internet. These exercise videos are way more appealing to watch and physical therapists should consider delivering Home Exercise Programs (HEP) digitally. There are apps…

Physical therapy patients still receive their plan of care onto a piece of paper when there are hundreds of engaging physical therapy exercise videos on the internet. These exercise videos are way more appealing to watch and physical therapists should consider delivering Home Exercise Programs (HEP) digitally. There are apps and online services such as Physioadvisor, Physprac app, Anterior Cruciate Ligament repair app, and work-out apps for people to create their own plan of care and are easily accessible with any electronic device. Most people are receiving information and learning through a lit screen anyways so it may only be a matter of time before people start using these resources instead of a physical therapist. Physical Therapists need to provide better resources for their patients and an app may be all they need. Figures of the results of the Qualtrics survey both Physical Therapists and Patient responses and were provided. A data analysis of each question and responses were interpreted to determine whether patients and physical therapists would like to use a physical therapy app as part of their rehab program. A Physiotherapy research journal with Switzerland researchers conducted a case study in a hospital and determined whether a HEP app testing was effective for patients to utilize.
ContributorsChang, Cheng H. (Author) / Holzapfel, Simon (Thesis director) / Peterson, Daniel (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor, Contributor, Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
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The Importance of Thorough Research Before Volunteering With Vulnerable Populations

Description
Refugees are a vulnerable population that are forced to conform to a life that is totally and completely different from what they are used to. Not only is the food and clothing different, but also the concepts such as handwashing, applying deodorant, and having health insurance. Although refugees are given…

Refugees are a vulnerable population that are forced to conform to a life that is totally and completely different from what they are used to. Not only is the food and clothing different, but also the concepts such as handwashing, applying deodorant, and having health insurance. Although refugees are given multiple resources, most, unfortunately, do not know how to utilize them. This is why the Refugee Education and Clinic Team was founded in the Fall of 2017. The Refugee Education and Clinic Team (REACT) is a collaboration between the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine and Arizona State University. REACT’s mission is to mitigate healthcare disparities. Mitigating the healthcare disparities that refugees can be as simple as holding a handwashing workshop. Educating is as crucial as providing health care. That excruciating tooth pain can be preventable with a dental hygiene workshop. Families will benefit from learning about pregnancy prevention. The stomach pain that many of the elders experience most likely will be from the gas caused by the food being consumed. Going to the communities and offering an hour of educating about health has and will positively impact refugee families. Ensuring that topics that will actually benefit these families is essential. Research is vital to inquire what health topics need to be taught and what services will be included in REACT’s scope of practice. The research conducted will be the Community Health Needs Assessment, which is a 9-page survey regarding health. My thesis will discuss this process and refugees. My thesis director is Dr. Lara Ferry and my second committee member is Dr. Erin Sellner.
ContributorsShah, Nyla (Author) / Ferry, Lara (Thesis director) / Sellner, Erin (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-12
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Juvenile Obesity Causes and Its Ties to Adult Obesity Rates in the United States

Description

In the United States, the adult obesity prevalence was 42.2% from 2017-2018 and has been steadily increasing every year.¹ The estimated medical costs for people who were obese was $1,429 higher than medical costs for people with healthier weight. These statistics only give a brief insight of the so called,…

In the United States, the adult obesity prevalence was 42.2% from 2017-2018 and has been steadily increasing every year.¹ The estimated medical costs for people who were obese was $1,429 higher than medical costs for people with healthier weight. These statistics only give a brief insight of the so called, “obesity epidemic” plaguing the United States. Every year obesity rates continue to increase, and medical conditions related to obesity continue to affect Americans as well. Risk of developing conditions such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, or cancers are heightened when individuals are obese. This project will explore this epidemic by tracing back to its juvenile roots. As childhood obesity is a serious problem that puts children and adolescents at risk for future health problems, and leads to obesity in their adult years as well. The analysis of socioeconomic, food industry, and school influences in relation to childhood obesity will be conducted, and insight of past and current interventions will be illustrated as well.
ContributorsDuong, Jennifer (Author) / Penkrot, Tonya (Thesis director) / Essary, Allison (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)
Created2022-05