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Augmented Reality (AR) especially when used with mobile devices enables the creation of applications that can help students in chemistry learn anything from basic to more advanced concepts. In Chemistry specifically, the 3D representation of molecules and chemical structures is of vital importance to students and yet when printed in 2D as on textbooks and lecture notes it can be quite hard to understand those vital 3D concepts. ARsome Chemistry is an app that aims to utilize AR to display complex and simple molecules in 3D to actively teach students these concepts through quizzes and other features. The ARsome chemistry app uses image target recognition to allow students to hand-draw or print line angle structures or chemical formulas of molecules and then scan those targets to get 3D representation of molecules. Students can use their fingers and the touch screen to zoom, rotate, and highlight different portions of the molecule to gain a better understanding of the molecule's 3D structure. The ARsome chemistry app also features the ability to utilize image recognition to allow students to quiz themselves on drawing line-angle structures and show it to the camera for the app to check their work. The ARsome chemistry app is an accessible and cost-effective study aid platform for students for on demand, interactive, 3D representations of complex molecules.
Non-canonical amino acids (NCAAs) can be used in protein chemistry to determine their structures. A common method for imaging proteins is cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) which is ideal for imaging proteins that cannot be obtained in large quantities. Proteins with indistinguishable features are difficult to image using this method due to the large size requirements, therefore antibodies designed specifically for binding these proteins have been utilized to better identify the proteins. By using an existing antibody that binds to stilbene, NCAAs containing this molecule can be used as a linker between proteins and an antibody. Stilbene containing amino acids can be integrated into proteins to make this process more access able. In this paper, synthesis methods for various NCAAs containing stilbene were proposed. The resulting successfully synthesized NCAAs were E)-N6-(5-oxo-5-((4-styrylphenyl) amino) pentanoyl) lysine, (R,E)-2-amino-3-(5-oxo-5-((4-styrylphenyl)amino)pentanamido)propanoic acid, (E)-2-amino-5-(5-oxo-5-((4-styrylphenyl) amino) pentanamido) pentanoic acid. A synthesis for three more shorter amino acids, (R,E)-2-amino-3-(3-oxo-3-((4-styrylphenyl) amino) propanamido) propanoic acid, (E)-2-amino-5-(3-oxo-3-((4-styrylphenyl) amino) propanamido) pentanoic acid, and (E)-N6-(3-oxo-3-((4-styrylphenyl) amino) propanoyl) lysine, is also proposed.
There has been a recent push to examine the materials that nature is able to synthesize and consider whether the materials that humans have invented are geomimetic in nature, and whether designing nature-inspired materials is economically and environmentally beneficial. Mesoporous silica represents a class of materials with pore sizes of 2-50 nm and has been studied in catalysis, separations, and drug delivery. It has generally been made using organosilicon precursors, but in this work, we demonstrate for the first time the successful synthesis of mesoporous silica with uniform mesoporosity of 10 nm using the mineral forsterite (Mg2SiO4) as a silica source, providing a potentially cheaper and more Earth-friendly route to making this technologically important material. Forsterite was synthesized by a solid-state chemistry route and underwent dissolution-reprecipitation in an aqueous acid solution containing the soft template surfactant, Pluronic P123. The formation of forsterite was confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), the successful templating of surfactant was demonstrated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface area was determined through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and pore size and distribution were demonstrated with Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analysis. The synthesized mesoporous silica at optimal conditions has surface area of 740 m2/g and pore volume of 1.4 mL/g.