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Wellness resources at postsecondary music schools: a survey of how this information is being offered
Description
Musicians have the potential to experience health problems related to their
profession. The National Association of Schools of Music (NASM) requires schools to
provide information about wellness. There are 634 degree-granting, not for profit, NASM
accredited postsecondary music schools in America. This study examined the types of
wellness resources offered at 387 of these schools or 60%. Wellness information was
divided into three categories: physical, psychological and hearing. The types of resources
offered, category of information and the size of the school were considered. Schools were
emailed and their websites were searched for wellness information.
Forty-eight percent of the schools had website information, 32% offered wellness
workshops, 16% of the schools offered wellness courses, and 32% of the schools covered
wellness information through other methods. Nineteen percent of the schools said that
they did not offer courses or workshops and did not say how they are meeting the
requirement. Physical wellness information was most widely available, followed by
hearing information, while psychological wellness information was harder to find.
Smaller schools were less likely to offer wellness courses but otherwise the size of a
school did not play a significant role in the types of wellness resources they were able to
offer.
Based on the findings, more schools should incorporate wellness information on
their websites and hold wellness workshops. Psychological wellness information should
be more widely available. Schools should advertise the wellness information that they
offer so that students are aware of the options available to them.
profession. The National Association of Schools of Music (NASM) requires schools to
provide information about wellness. There are 634 degree-granting, not for profit, NASM
accredited postsecondary music schools in America. This study examined the types of
wellness resources offered at 387 of these schools or 60%. Wellness information was
divided into three categories: physical, psychological and hearing. The types of resources
offered, category of information and the size of the school were considered. Schools were
emailed and their websites were searched for wellness information.
Forty-eight percent of the schools had website information, 32% offered wellness
workshops, 16% of the schools offered wellness courses, and 32% of the schools covered
wellness information through other methods. Nineteen percent of the schools said that
they did not offer courses or workshops and did not say how they are meeting the
requirement. Physical wellness information was most widely available, followed by
hearing information, while psychological wellness information was harder to find.
Smaller schools were less likely to offer wellness courses but otherwise the size of a
school did not play a significant role in the types of wellness resources they were able to
offer.
Based on the findings, more schools should incorporate wellness information on
their websites and hold wellness workshops. Psychological wellness information should
be more widely available. Schools should advertise the wellness information that they
offer so that students are aware of the options available to them.
ContributorsFraser, Catherine (Author) / Spring, Robert (Thesis advisor) / Gardner, Joshua (Thesis advisor) / Caslor, Jason (Committee member) / Feisst, Sabine (Committee member) / Sullivan, Jill (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2016
Description
Nikolay Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov’s Concerto for Trombone and Military Band and Georg Philipp Telemann’s Sonata in F minor TWV 41:f1 are two works from contrasting periods written by well-known composers. International Music Company first published the Sonata in 1968 for trombone, edited by Allen Ostrander. Rimsky-Korsakov’s Concerto for Trombone was first published in the United States by Leeds Music Corporation in 1952, edited by Davis Shuman. Both of these compositions contain editorial concerns that detract from each composer’s original music.
In most modern editions, Rimsky-Korsakov’s Concerto is accompanied by a piano reduction made by Nikolay Sergeyevich Fedoseyev. Although this reduction is the most commonly used accompaniment today, it is overly difficult for the pianist. The reduction also alters musical gestures within the accompaniment written by Rimsky-Korsakov.
This project contrasts modern editions of each composition with their oldest known manuscript. For Telemann’s Sonata, this is the first publication in Der Getreue Music-Meister, published by the composer in 1728-29. For Rimsky-Korsakov’s Concerto, this is a copyist’s manuscript that is currently housed at the library of the Moscow State Academic Philharmonic. The centerpiece of this project is the preparation of new solo parts for each work and a new piano reduction for Rimsky-Korsakov’s Concerto that restores the composer’s original intentions and makes clear editorial changes and suggestions.
In most modern editions, Rimsky-Korsakov’s Concerto is accompanied by a piano reduction made by Nikolay Sergeyevich Fedoseyev. Although this reduction is the most commonly used accompaniment today, it is overly difficult for the pianist. The reduction also alters musical gestures within the accompaniment written by Rimsky-Korsakov.
This project contrasts modern editions of each composition with their oldest known manuscript. For Telemann’s Sonata, this is the first publication in Der Getreue Music-Meister, published by the composer in 1728-29. For Rimsky-Korsakov’s Concerto, this is a copyist’s manuscript that is currently housed at the library of the Moscow State Academic Philharmonic. The centerpiece of this project is the preparation of new solo parts for each work and a new piano reduction for Rimsky-Korsakov’s Concerto that restores the composer’s original intentions and makes clear editorial changes and suggestions.
ContributorsHutchens, Timothy (Author) / Yeo, Douglas (Thesis advisor) / Swoboda, Deanna (Committee member) / Oldani, Robert (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2016
Description
Formed in 1999, BCM International, comprised of composers Eric Whitacre, Jonathan Newman, Steven Bryant, and James (Jim) Bonney dedicated itself to publishing repertoire in the wind band medium. This project focuses on the work of these four composers, who, at the beginning of the “digital age,” joined together to create a new entrepreneurial and self-published entity. This paper aims to discuss their contribution to the wind band medium, thereby adding to the genre’s body of research.
Similarly to previous investigations of this sort, the author will: 1) offer a biographical sketch through the lens of each individual composer; 2) discuss the establishment of BCM International; 3) track the individual output for wind band of each of the four composers through performance data found in the College Band Directors National Association’s Report; and 4) discuss the composer reported influence of John Corigliano, their teacher, on their compositional process.
Similarly to previous investigations of this sort, the author will: 1) offer a biographical sketch through the lens of each individual composer; 2) discuss the establishment of BCM International; 3) track the individual output for wind band of each of the four composers through performance data found in the College Band Directors National Association’s Report; and 4) discuss the composer reported influence of John Corigliano, their teacher, on their compositional process.
ContributorsBlanco, Charlie G., III (Author) / Hill, Gary W. (Thesis advisor) / Feisst, Sabine (Committee member) / Caslor, Jason (Committee member) / Bailey, Wayne (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2016
Description
ABSTRACT
This research is focused on technology in the arts, social media, and the opera singer. Topics include recent performance trends, social media, marketing techniques, and creating a successful brand. This paper also focuses on how to leverage social media platforms build a digital persona, and create an engaged audience. The same techniques used by corporations and opera companies for their social media and marketing strategy can be leveraged to increase brand awareness, build a strong network, and may aid in generating new opportunities for the opera singer.
Key Words: Social Media, Opera Singer, Branding, Marketing, Technology
This research is focused on technology in the arts, social media, and the opera singer. Topics include recent performance trends, social media, marketing techniques, and creating a successful brand. This paper also focuses on how to leverage social media platforms build a digital persona, and create an engaged audience. The same techniques used by corporations and opera companies for their social media and marketing strategy can be leveraged to increase brand awareness, build a strong network, and may aid in generating new opportunities for the opera singer.
Key Words: Social Media, Opera Singer, Branding, Marketing, Technology
ContributorsJones, Jennifer E. (D.M.A.) (Author) / Kopta, Anne Elgar (Thesis advisor) / Mills, Robert (Committee member) / Rogers, Rodney (Committee member) / Dreyfoos, Dale (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2016
Description
This paper provides a comprehensive study of Italian liturgical organ works from the 15th to 17th centuries. This music was composed for the Catholic Mass, and it demonstrates the development of Italian keyboard style and the incorporation of new genres into the organ Mass, such as a Toccata before the Mass, music for the Offertory, and the Elevation Toccata. This often neglected corpus of music deserves greater scholarly attention.
The Italian organ Mass begins with the Faenza Codex of c.1430, which contains the earliest surviving liturgical music for organ. Over a century would pass before Girolamo Cavazzoni published his three organ Masses in 1543: Mass IV (for feasts of apostles), Mass IX (for Marian feasts) and Mass XI (for typical Sundays of the year). The prevalence of publishing in Venice and the flourishing liturgical culture at San Marco led two notable organists, Andrea Gabrieli and Claudio Merulo, to publish their own Masses in 1563 and 1568. Both composers cultivated imitation and figurative lines which were often replete with ornamentation.
Frescobaldi’s Fiori musicali, published in Venice in 1635, represents the pinnacle of the Italian organ Mass. Reflecting the type of music he performed liturgically at San Pietro in Rome, this publication includes several new genres: canzonas after the reading of the Epistle and after Communion; ricercars after the Credo; and toccatas to be played during the Elevation of the Host. Frescobaldi’s music shows unparalleled mastery of counterpoint and invention of figuration. His liturgical music casts a long shadow over the three composers who published organ Masses in the decade following Fiori musicali: Giovanni Salvatore, Fra Antonio Croci and Giovanni Battista Fasolo.
This comprehensive look at Italian organ Masses from the 15th-17th centuries reveals the musical creativity inspired by the Catholic liturgy. Perhaps because of their practical use, these organ works are often neglected, mentioned merely as addenda to the other accomplishments of these composers. Hopefully insight into the contents of each organ Mass, along with the information about their style and aspects of performance practice, will make these musical gems more accessible to contemporary organists.
The Italian organ Mass begins with the Faenza Codex of c.1430, which contains the earliest surviving liturgical music for organ. Over a century would pass before Girolamo Cavazzoni published his three organ Masses in 1543: Mass IV (for feasts of apostles), Mass IX (for Marian feasts) and Mass XI (for typical Sundays of the year). The prevalence of publishing in Venice and the flourishing liturgical culture at San Marco led two notable organists, Andrea Gabrieli and Claudio Merulo, to publish their own Masses in 1563 and 1568. Both composers cultivated imitation and figurative lines which were often replete with ornamentation.
Frescobaldi’s Fiori musicali, published in Venice in 1635, represents the pinnacle of the Italian organ Mass. Reflecting the type of music he performed liturgically at San Pietro in Rome, this publication includes several new genres: canzonas after the reading of the Epistle and after Communion; ricercars after the Credo; and toccatas to be played during the Elevation of the Host. Frescobaldi’s music shows unparalleled mastery of counterpoint and invention of figuration. His liturgical music casts a long shadow over the three composers who published organ Masses in the decade following Fiori musicali: Giovanni Salvatore, Fra Antonio Croci and Giovanni Battista Fasolo.
This comprehensive look at Italian organ Masses from the 15th-17th centuries reveals the musical creativity inspired by the Catholic liturgy. Perhaps because of their practical use, these organ works are often neglected, mentioned merely as addenda to the other accomplishments of these composers. Hopefully insight into the contents of each organ Mass, along with the information about their style and aspects of performance practice, will make these musical gems more accessible to contemporary organists.
ContributorsHolton Prouty, Kristin Michelle (Author) / Marshall, Kimberly (Thesis advisor) / Ryan, Russell (Committee member) / Solis, Theodore (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2015
Description
In an interview with the author, composer Chen Yi shared thoughts regarding her inspiration to compose the piece As in a Dream. She composed the first version in 1988 for soprano, violin, and cello. Left unpublished, this work was re-done in 1994 with the Chinese instruments zheng and pipa in place of the violin and cello. As in a Dream is a setting of two linked poems of six lines each by Qingzhao Li, one of the earliest female poets in China. Chen Yi kept the voice part the same in the two versions, but adapted the accompaniment to suit the Chinese instruments.
This study of As in a Dream focuses on the 1994 version, and especially on the first song, with a view to introducing the singer to its Chinese elements. To help performers to understand better the text of the set, a translation and transliteration of the two poems by Qingzhao Li are offered with line-by-line interpretation. An introduction to the history and characteristics of the zheng and the pipa is supported by examples of the uses of these instruments in the songs. Drawing upon information provided by Chen Yi in the interview with the author, a discussion follows of Mandarin speech tones and their effect on the melodic design of As in a Dream, with music examples. An examination of traditional Beijing Opera styles of singing, with insights provided by Rao Lan, the soprano for whom the work was written, leads to a description of the fusion vocal technique required for performance of As in a Dream and some of the rules for diction in Mandarin Chinese.
Intended as an introductory guide for the soprano contemplating performance of Chen Yi’s As in a Dream, this study also reveals the combination of Eastern and Western musical characteristics in these songs and gives examples of how the music interprets the veiled meaning of the poetry.
This study of As in a Dream focuses on the 1994 version, and especially on the first song, with a view to introducing the singer to its Chinese elements. To help performers to understand better the text of the set, a translation and transliteration of the two poems by Qingzhao Li are offered with line-by-line interpretation. An introduction to the history and characteristics of the zheng and the pipa is supported by examples of the uses of these instruments in the songs. Drawing upon information provided by Chen Yi in the interview with the author, a discussion follows of Mandarin speech tones and their effect on the melodic design of As in a Dream, with music examples. An examination of traditional Beijing Opera styles of singing, with insights provided by Rao Lan, the soprano for whom the work was written, leads to a description of the fusion vocal technique required for performance of As in a Dream and some of the rules for diction in Mandarin Chinese.
Intended as an introductory guide for the soprano contemplating performance of Chen Yi’s As in a Dream, this study also reveals the combination of Eastern and Western musical characteristics in these songs and gives examples of how the music interprets the veiled meaning of the poetry.
ContributorsIp, Hoi Lam (Author) / Britton, David (Thesis advisor) / Holbrook, Amy (Committee member) / Ryan, Russell (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2015
Description
Vaclav Nelhybel (1919-1996) composed over 600 works, a significant number of which were never published. The trombone is included in more than 200 of Nelhybel’s compositions, some featuring the instrument in a solo role and also as a key contributor in many of his chamber and large ensemble works. The goal of this project is to bring this significant body of trombone literature into the light by examining his seventeen compositions that feature the trombone in solos and trombone ensembles; this paper also includes a select listing of other works by Nelhybel that include the trombone. The seventeen highlighted pieces include nine works for solo trombone and eight for trombone ensemble. This paper also contains background information on the composer and a brief discussion of his overall compositional history, focusing on the last thirty years of his life when he was most active as a composer and became one of the most prominent figures in the wind band movement in the United States. The central portion of the paper describes each of Nelhybel’s compositions that feature the trombone and is divided into three sections: the trombone as solo instrument in published works, an unpublished Concerto for bass trombone, and chamber works for two or more trombones alone. Discussions of key pedagogical aspects, recurring features and techniques, each piece’s difficulty level, and suggestions for performance are included for added depth.
ContributorsHaas, Garrett (Author) / Yeo, Douglas (Thesis advisor) / Ericson, John (Committee member) / Holbrook, Amy (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
The purpose of this project was to provide a pedagogical resource for students and teachers that highlights selected transcriptions of former Los Angeles Philharmonic principal trombonist Ralph Sauer (b. 1944), and how those works can be used in an applied instruction setting. The compositions include Bartók’s Romanian Folk Dances, Debussy’s Syrinx, Pergolesi’s Sinfonia in F, Sonata in B-flat by Mozart, and Saint-Saëns The Nightingale.
The sections dealing with pedagogical concepts are presented as conversationally as possible to facilitate ease of understanding by teachers of any background and level. Educators who are not trombonists or are otherwise not wholly familiar with the presented repertoire can still able to borrow phrasing directly from the document. The musical examples enable teachers to quickly identify sections of the work that may prove useful to students. At the time of this writing, there are no commercially available recordings of the chosen pieces as they appear from the publisher. Therefore, the recording is intended to render the music exactly as it is printed in the published version, and to be as free of personal musical interpretation as possible. The works were chosen to cover a range of ability levels, from early college through the graduate level. All the included pieces are published, as of July 2019, and available for purchase online from Cherry Classics Music.
The sections dealing with pedagogical concepts are presented as conversationally as possible to facilitate ease of understanding by teachers of any background and level. Educators who are not trombonists or are otherwise not wholly familiar with the presented repertoire can still able to borrow phrasing directly from the document. The musical examples enable teachers to quickly identify sections of the work that may prove useful to students. At the time of this writing, there are no commercially available recordings of the chosen pieces as they appear from the publisher. Therefore, the recording is intended to render the music exactly as it is printed in the published version, and to be as free of personal musical interpretation as possible. The works were chosen to cover a range of ability levels, from early college through the graduate level. All the included pieces are published, as of July 2019, and available for purchase online from Cherry Classics Music.
ContributorsBledsoe, Joshua L (Author) / Humphreys, Jere T (Thesis advisor) / Rogers, Rodney (Committee member) / Ericson, John (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
When one thinks of the great German Romantic organs of Ladegast, Walcker,
Schulze, and Sauer, visions of the large colossus organs of the cathedrals of Merseburg,
Schwerin, and Berlin come to mind. These instruments were rich in power but also in
timbre and dynamic contrasts, able to crescendo from barely audible to thundering and
back. On the other hand, their eighteenth-century predecessors in the Southern and
Central German regions of Baden-Württemburg, Bavaria, Thuringia, and Saxony showed
a softer side characterized by few reeds and mixtures, generally small size, and gentle
voicing and winding. However, many of the traits found in these earlier instruments,
including an abundance of 8’ registers, a focus on color rather than contrapuntal clarity,
tierce mixtures, and a relatively low proportion of mixtures and reeds to foundation stops
are carried over to the early Romantic organs.
Especially interesting are the transitional instruments around the turn of the
nineteenth century. The end of the eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth, the
time between the death of J. S. Bach in 1750 and E. F. Walcker’s construction of the
Paulskirche organ in Frankfurt in 1833, often appears as a sort of “Dark Ages” for the
organ in which little happened to advance the organ into the new century. Modern
scholarship has largely overlooked these instruments. However, the Central and Southern
German states were among the few areas that saw a continuation of organ building
through the economic and political disaster resulting from the Napoleonic Wars, the
secularization of many institutions including the grand abbeys of Swabia, and a rapid
change in musical aesthetic toward the symphonic and the virtuosic.
In this document, I examine organs of the Southern and Central German territories
of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Thuringia, and Saxony. I focus on organs that show
development from the late Baroque to the early Romantic Period, culminating in the
organs of Eberhard Friedrich Walcker in Baden-Württemberg and Friedrich Ladegast in
Thuringia. These little-known transition instruments provide intriguing insight into the
genesis of the famous German Romantic organs, giants in stature and sound.
Schulze, and Sauer, visions of the large colossus organs of the cathedrals of Merseburg,
Schwerin, and Berlin come to mind. These instruments were rich in power but also in
timbre and dynamic contrasts, able to crescendo from barely audible to thundering and
back. On the other hand, their eighteenth-century predecessors in the Southern and
Central German regions of Baden-Württemburg, Bavaria, Thuringia, and Saxony showed
a softer side characterized by few reeds and mixtures, generally small size, and gentle
voicing and winding. However, many of the traits found in these earlier instruments,
including an abundance of 8’ registers, a focus on color rather than contrapuntal clarity,
tierce mixtures, and a relatively low proportion of mixtures and reeds to foundation stops
are carried over to the early Romantic organs.
Especially interesting are the transitional instruments around the turn of the
nineteenth century. The end of the eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth, the
time between the death of J. S. Bach in 1750 and E. F. Walcker’s construction of the
Paulskirche organ in Frankfurt in 1833, often appears as a sort of “Dark Ages” for the
organ in which little happened to advance the organ into the new century. Modern
scholarship has largely overlooked these instruments. However, the Central and Southern
German states were among the few areas that saw a continuation of organ building
through the economic and political disaster resulting from the Napoleonic Wars, the
secularization of many institutions including the grand abbeys of Swabia, and a rapid
change in musical aesthetic toward the symphonic and the virtuosic.
In this document, I examine organs of the Southern and Central German territories
of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Thuringia, and Saxony. I focus on organs that show
development from the late Baroque to the early Romantic Period, culminating in the
organs of Eberhard Friedrich Walcker in Baden-Württemberg and Friedrich Ladegast in
Thuringia. These little-known transition instruments provide intriguing insight into the
genesis of the famous German Romantic organs, giants in stature and sound.
ContributorsBurns, Brandon Lee (Author) / Marshall, Kimberly A (Thesis advisor) / Ryan, Russell R (Thesis advisor) / Saucier, Catherine (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
Beginning around the 1820s, the refinement of the piano mechanism increased the expressiveness of the instrument’s sonority and further attracted the composers’ attention and curiosity about the instrument. Concentration on piano music became a trend for composers between the mid to late nineteenth century. During this period, the massive output of music for piano and extremely developed keyboard techniques resulted in classical composers searching for fresh ideas. Starting in the twentieth century, composers became increasingly interested in music outside the classical world and new interpretations of meter, harmony, and form. As early as the 1910s, composers included tone clusters generated at keyboard and soon afterwards, began “playing” the internal components of the piano including strings. Concurrently, they blended different styles within a piece according to their cultural and educational background. A prime example of this compositional trend is the classically-trained Turkish pianist-composer Fazil Say (b. 1970). His ability as a pianist reflects his strong classical training as well as a stylistic freedom partly derived from jazz. Say’s inspiration is also drawn from his Turkish heritage, as traditional folk elements have helped to shape his compositions. Representing Say’s education, passion, and ethnic background, the three elements of classical, jazz, and folk music have become his primary devices within his solo piano compositions.
This brief investigation of Say’s life to date and his piano works offers an insight into the correlation between the multi-cultural environments in which he has lived and the formation of his styles. Chapter one, the summary of his life and educational background, illustrates the fact that the three facets within his piano compositions are strongly rooted in his exposure to different environments. The second chapter presents a clear overview of the development of Say’s compositional idiom and a deeper look at selected piano compositions: his transcription of J. S. Bach’s Passacaglia in C Minor, BWV 582, Three Ballads, Black Earth, Alla Turca Jazz, and Paganini Jazz. The goal is to provide current and future pianists with insight into the expressive performance of one composer’s extremely successful hybridization of classical, jazz, and Turkish folk music.
This brief investigation of Say’s life to date and his piano works offers an insight into the correlation between the multi-cultural environments in which he has lived and the formation of his styles. Chapter one, the summary of his life and educational background, illustrates the fact that the three facets within his piano compositions are strongly rooted in his exposure to different environments. The second chapter presents a clear overview of the development of Say’s compositional idiom and a deeper look at selected piano compositions: his transcription of J. S. Bach’s Passacaglia in C Minor, BWV 582, Three Ballads, Black Earth, Alla Turca Jazz, and Paganini Jazz. The goal is to provide current and future pianists with insight into the expressive performance of one composer’s extremely successful hybridization of classical, jazz, and Turkish folk music.
ContributorsChen, Yen-Wei (Author) / Meir, Baruch (Thesis advisor) / Norton, Kay (Committee member) / Hamilton, Robert (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019