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- Creators: Barrett, The Honors College
Description
The objective of this randomized, single-blind crossover study was to examine the effect of vinegar on the blood glucose response to meal ingestion. This study was associated with a companion study Is Apple Cider Vinegar Effective for Reducing Heartburn Symptoms Related to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Glucose meters were utilized to measure blood glucose levels immediately prior to, and at four ½ hour intervals following meal ingestion. Previous studies have demonstrated that vinegar modulates the meal-time glucose response. Hence an alternative hypothesis was used: that a significant difference will be observed between the control and the vinegar groups. The results from the study were not significant likely due to a small sample size. The test meal eaten with a drink composed of vinegar diluted in water appeared to be most effective at decreasing the overall change in postprandial blood glucose. The vinegar drink also played a role in decreasing the peak glucose level at 30 minutes post-meal.
ContributorsPadgitt-Cobb, Lillian Katelyn (Author) / Johnston, Carol (Thesis director) / Redding, Kevin (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Contributor)
Created2015-05
Description
Abstract: Purpose: The dose-dependent effects of isoflurane anesthesia on insulin inhibition and insulin resistance were compared in rats. Methods: Three rats were entered into the procedure with each rat being subjected to 3 different doses of steady state concentrations of isoflurane (1.75%, 2.0%, and 2.50%). A surgical plane of anesthesia was induced by continuous infusion of isoflurane via an induction box at 4.0% isoflurane and when anesthesia was achieved the infusion of anesthesia was lowered to the steady state concentrations of isoflurane. Plasma glucose concentrations were measured every 10 minutes until two or three consistent peak values were observed. After assurance of reaching peak values sub-cutaneous insulin (0.75 units/kg) was injected between the scapulas. Following the insulin injection plasma glucose concentrations were obtained every 10 minutes via pinprick until peak minimal glucose values were reached. If the plasma glucose of any animal reached a level approximately 50 mg/dL, subcutaneous glucose was injected (2.0 grams/kg) to prevent adverse effects of hypoglycemia. Results: For absolute plasma glucose post-anesthetic values a comparison of multiple mean glucose concentrations (single factor ANOVA) yielded p=8.06 x 10-6. A post-hoc analysis revealed significant p values between 3 pairs of means: 1.75%/2.0%= 0.004; 1.75%/2.5%= 0.03; 2.0%/2.5%= 0.02 . For normalized plasma glucose values post-anesthetic a comparison of multiple means (ANOVA) yielded a p value of 0.03. Post-hoc analysis indicated that the peak response was at 2.0% with significant difference between 1.75%/2.0% =0.03 and 2.0%/2.5%=0.02. There was no significance between glucose values 1.75%/2.50%=0.68. For plasma glucose values post-insulin both absolute and normalized a mean comparison analysis (ANOVA) concluded that during post insulin the data was not statistically significant as p=0.68. Conclusions: When absolute plasma glucose concentrations were normalized by the baseline taken at conscious state the dose-dependency disappeared and concluded the largest change in plasma glucose at 2.0%. Although the data post-insulin injection was not statistically significant it can be concluded that there was normal glucose uptake and that there was no impaired insulin action on the skeletal muscle.
ContributorsBrown, Cole Truman (Author) / Herman, Richard (Thesis director) / Towe, Bruce (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Harrington Bioengineering Program (Contributor)
Created2015-05
Description
Research concerning increased sensitivity and accurate glucose sensors have been on the forefront of diabetes mellitus. In this study, Electroactive Poly-Amidoamine Polymer (EPOP) was studied to determine if it can be used as a biocompatible electrode, with known redox mediators to determine if it can transfer its own electrons or amplify signal, and if signal is amplified when using an Ag/AgCl working electrode. From the results, it was determined that EPOP is neither a redox mediator, since it cannot transfer its own electrons, nor an electron mediator, since it does not amplify measured current at a specific voltage. Rather, it behaves as an electron sink capacitor with inconsistent behavior when Ag/AgCl is used as the working electrode with the redox mediator alone or with the redox mediator using in combination with glucose oxidase (GOx) and glucose. This was validated using AC-Impedance which gave a -3.3999 slope for isolated 0.05 g/mL EPOP in solution and R2 value of 0.992 displaying it had more capacitor-like behavior compared to resistor-like behavior. For this reason, EPOP was infused into a carbon screen-printed electrode by adding it dissolved and undissolved at two levels into carbon ink. The effectiveness of this electrode was tested using a potentiostatic CV. For the 0.1 g/mL EPOP dissolved in carbon ink, the reduction voltage peak (0.18 V) was found to be slightly higher than a GDE (0.14 V); however, the measured current was found to be 1.57 times the amplitude of a GDE. When 0.05 g/mL EPOP in PBS dissolved in graphite ink was used to detect glucose as the working electrode, there was increased signal amplification, and therefore, increased sensitivity to glucose when using EPOP infused electrodes. This offers promising results for disposable glucose sensors.
ContributorsKapadia, Meera Vipul (Author) / LaBelle, Jeffrey (Thesis director) / Islam, Rafiqul (Committee member) / Honikel, Mackenzie (Committee member) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2017-05
Description
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus experience a slower healing process and poor osteointegration, making it difficult for them to heal properly after a bone fracture. This study aims to compare the proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells at different glucose concentrations, as well as with an advanced glycated end-product (AGE) concentration, to mimic a healthy, prediabetic, and diabetic environment in an in vitro model over several experiments. Each experiment was composed of treatment groups in either growth or osteogenic media, with varying levels of glucose concentration or an advanced glycated end-product concentration. The treatment groups were cultured in 24 well plates over 28 days with staining of FITC-maleimide, DAPI, or alkaline phosphatase conducted at varying time points. The plates were imaged, then analyzed in ImageJ and GraphPad Prism. The study supports that at 28 days in culture, the more glucose added to osteogenic media treatment groups, the lower the nuclear count. At 14 days the same is true of growth media treatment groups, though the trend does not persist until 28 days. It does not seem that cell surface area of osteogenic groups, and growth media treatment groups was affected by glucose level. At 14 days, the alkaline phosphatase expression was unaffected by glucose level. However, at the 28 day time point the higher the glucose level of osteogenic treatment groups, the less expression of alkaline phosphatase. The effect of the added AGE concentration on hMSC osteogenesis was inconclusive. Overall, this study enhanced understanding of the role that glucose and AGEs play in the bone healing process for diabetic patients, allowing for future improvements of biomaterials and engineered tissue.
ContributorsMoya, Adriana Allyssa (Author) / Holloway, Julianne (Thesis director) / Fumasi, Fallon (Committee member) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
This thesis paper examines the effects of increased standing and light physical activity in the workplace on postprandial glucose. Sedentary behavior is detrimental to our health, affecting metabolic risk factors. An easy way to implement change is by decreasing sedentary time in workplaces where sitting is common, such as office workspaces. To consider how postprandial glucose is affected by decreasing sedentary time, participants ate a standardized meal for lunch and were asked to decrease their sitting time by replacing it with standing and light physical activity.
ContributorsChilders, Autumn Skye (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Thesis director) / Sears, Dorothy (Committee member) / Hasanaj, Kristina (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-12