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Description中国乳制品（液态奶）行业进入成熟期，伊利、蒙牛等乳企寡头垄断，新乳业作为后进入者，洞察消费者购买乳制品除了获得实物产品外，还期望获得产品相关的附加服务和体验，因此开展了大量体验营销活动。企业独创性地推出了“食育乐园”活动，定期邀请消费者参观公司的牧场、工厂，开展知识互动、现场体验、自助DIY产品、美照话题分享等活动，获得了良好的消费者反馈。本文基于新乳业的体验营销活动，研究体验营销对消费者购买意愿的影响。本文研究研究了三个部分。首先从SOR理论（外部刺激、个体状态、个体反应）出发，以五种体验要素为自变量、以感知价值和品牌信任为中介变量、以购买意愿为因变量建立了体验营销对购买意愿的影响模型。通过问卷法收集了301份消费者数据，用实证分析检验了模型的有效性。结果显示：体验营销五要素中，感官、情感、思考和关联体验对购买意愿产生正影响，行动体验对购买意愿没有显著影响。在除了关联体验外的三个要素对购买意愿的正影响中，感知价值和品牌信任均有中介作用。分性别来看，男性组，感官、思考和关联体验对购买意愿有显著正影响；女性组，情感和关联体验对购买意愿有显著正影响。关联体验对购买意愿的正影响中，女性大于男性。
然后，本文采取事件法，分析比较消费者在参加体验营销活动前后购买意愿的变化，验证了体验营销对购买意愿的提升作用，整体提升7.1%。分人群来看：体验营销对购买意愿提升较大的群体为：女性； 40岁以上；家庭饮奶次数在3-7次/周；近期购买过竞品的消费者。据此，本文认为该类消费者可以作为未来体验营销活动的主力群体。
最后，本文对比分析了活动前后消费者的体验变量，并以此对新乳业的体验营销活动进行评价和优化。活动前后，关联体验提升幅度最大（11.4%），行动体验虽然提升幅度排第二（9.2%），但理论研究表明行动体验的提升并不能对购买意愿产生显著正影响。因此在未来活动设计中，重视与关联体验有关的设计、适度简化行动体验、强化感官体验、情感体验等更加直观的体验有利于提升活动效果。
ContributorsZhu, Chuan (Author) / Chen, Pei-Yu (Thesis advisor) / Jiang, Zhan (Thesis advisor) / Wang, Yongxiang (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
How to effectively and accurately describe, character and quantify the microstructure of the heterogeneous material and its 4D evolution process with time suffered from external stimuli or provocations is very difficult and challenging, but it’s significant and crucial for its performance prediction, processing, optimization and design. The goal of this research is to overcome these challenges by developing a series of novel hierarchical statistical microstructure descriptors called “n-point polytope functions” which is as known as Pn functions to quantify heterogeneous material’s microstructure and creating Pn functions related quantification methods which are Omega Metric and Differential Omega Metric to analyze its 4D processing.In this dissertation, a series of powerful programming tools are used to demonstrate that Pn functions can be used up to n=8 for chaotically scattered images which can hardly be distinguished by our naked eyes in chapter 3 to find or compare the potential configuration feature of structure such as symmetry or polygon geometry relation between the different targets when target’s multi-modal imaging is provided. These n-point statistic results calculated from Pn functions for features of interest in the microstructure can efficiently decompose the structural hidden features into a set of “polytope basis” to provide a concise, explainable, expressive, universal and efficient quantifying manner.
In Chapter 4, the Pn functions can also be incorporated into material reconstruction algorithms readily for fast virtualizing 3D microstructure regeneration and also allowing instant material property prediction via analytical structure-property mappings for material design.
In Chapter 5, Omega Metric and Differential Omega Metric are further created and used to provide a time-dependent reduced-dimension metric to analyze the 4D evaluation processing instead of using Pn functions directly because these 2 simplified methods can provide undistorted results to be easily compared. The real case of vapor-deposition alloy films analysis are implemented in this dissertation to demonstrate that One can use these methods to predict or optimize the design for 4D evolution of heterogeneous material.
The advantages of the all quantification methods in this dissertation can let us economically and efficiently quantify, design, predict the microstructure and 4D evolution of the heterogeneous material in various fields.
ContributorsCHEN, PEI-EN (Author) / Jiao, Yang (Thesis advisor) / Ren, Yi (Thesis advisor) / Liu, Yongming (Committee member) / Zhuang, Houlong (Committee member) / Nian, Qiong (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
The Vortex-lattice method has been utilized throughout history to both design and analyze the aerodynamic performance characteristics of flight vehicles. There are numerous different programs utilizing this method, each of which has its own set of assumptions and performance limitations. This thesis highlights VORLAX, one such solver, and details its historic and modernized performance characteristics through a series of code improvements and optimizations. With VORLAX, rapid synthesis and verification of aircraft performance data related to wing pressure distributions, stability and control, and Federal Regulation compliance can be quickly and accurately obtained. As such, VORLAX represents a class of efficient yet largely forgotten computational techniques that allow users to explore numerous design solutions in a fraction of the time that would be needed to use more complex, full-fledged engineering tools. In the age of modern computers, one hypothesis is that VORLAX and similar “lean” computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers have preferential performance characteristics relative to expensive, volume grid CFD suites, such as ANSYS Fluent. By utilizing these types of programs, tasks such as pre- and post-processing become trivially simple with basic scripting languages such as Visual Basic for Applications or Python. Thus, lean engineering programs and methodologies deserve their place in modern engineering, despite their wrongfully decreasing prevalence.
ContributorsSouders, Tyler Jeffery (Author) / Takahashi, Timothy T. (Thesis advisor) / Herrmann, Marcus (Thesis advisor) / Dahm, Werner J.A. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
Objective: To conduct a content analysis of nutrition marketing in school cafeterias in Arizona to understand how nutrition concepts are currently marketed to students. This is the first study to investigate the content of nutrition marketing in school cafeterias, and also the first to compare content across elementary, middle, and high schools. Methods: Photographs of marketing materials on display in school cafeterias were obtained from a convenient sample of 13 elementary schools, 12 middle schools, and 12 high schools. In total, n=284 examples of nutrition marketing were collected. The photographs were sorted by grade level and then coded quantitatively and qualitatively based on their purpose, visual aspects, marketing strategies used, and language and literacy aspects. Given the multiple comparisons, statistical significance was assessed with a Bonferroni adjustment of p<0.0006.
Results: The average number of nutrition marketing materials within the school cafeterias was 7.7 ± 7.2. The purpose of the marketing materials ranged from promoting selection and consumption of fruits and vegetables, promoting nutrition and physical activity together, food safety, and educating about healthy eating. The sample of nutrition marketing materials emphasized selecting F/Vs over consumption of F/Vs. However, the opposite was found in marketing that exclusively promoted fruits and vegetables. The most common type of marketing in school cafeterias were flyers and most of the materials were small in size. The sample demonstrated a lack of implementation of marketing appeals in half of the sample, but the half that did utilized techniques that are known to be appealing to child and adolescent demographics, such as use of cartoons, humor, and social media/websites. 98.9% of the nutrition marketing with text were written in English and only 1.1% of the materials (n=3) were written in Spanish.
Conclusion: The nutrition marketing sample demonstrated some use of social marketing principles but does not compete with the scale and scope of the child-directed food and beverage marketing that students encounter in their environment. More research is needed to better understand how to best target nutrition marketing to child and adolescent student populations.
ContributorsXavier, Raevyn Francine (Author) / Bruening, Meg (Thesis advisor) / Adams, Marc (Committee member) / Lorts, Cori (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
Nanoholes on the basal plane of graphene can provide abundant mass transport channels and chemically active sites for enhancing the electrochemical performance, making this material highly promising in applications such as supercapacitors, batteries, desalination, molecule or ion detection, and biosensing. However, the current solution-based chemical etching processes to manufacture these nanoholes commonly suffer from low process efficiency, scalability, and controllability, because conventional bulk heating cannot promote the etching reactions. Herein, a novel manufacturing method is developed to address this issue using microwave irradiation to facilitate and control the chemical etching of graphene. In this process, microwave irradiation induces selective heating of graphene in the aqueous solution due to an energy dissipation mechanism coupled with the dielectric and conduction losses. This strategy brings a remarkable reduction of processing time from hour-scale to minute-scale compared to the conventional approaches. By further incorporating microwave pretreatment, it is possible to control the population and area percentage of the in-plane nanoholes on graphene. Theoretical calculations reveal that the nanoholes emerge and grow by a repeating reduction–oxidation process occurring at the edge-sites atoms around vacancy defects on the graphene basal plane. The reduced holey graphene oxide sheets obtained via the microwave-assisted chemical etching method exhibit great potentials in supercapacitors and electrocatalysis. Excellent capacitive performance and electrocatalytic activity are observed in electrochemical measurements. The improvements against the non-holey counterpart are attributed to the enhanced kinetics involving ion diffusion and heterogeneous charge transfer.
ContributorsWang, Dini (Author) / Nian, Qiong (Thesis advisor) / Alford, Terry (Committee member) / Wang, Qing Hua (Committee member) / Zhuang, Houlong (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that has emerged as the predominant technology for metal 3D printing. An alloy of particular interest to the aerospace industry is the nickel-based superalloy, Inconel 718 (IN718), which is widely used for its superior performance in elevated temperature conditions, particularly for gas-turbine engine blades and heat exchangers. With LPBF providing new ways of exploiting complex part geometry, the high-temperature properties of the AM version of the alloy must be understood. Of additional interest is how these properties change as a function of geometry and post-processing. This research focuses on the behavior of LPBF IN718 as a function of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and specimen thickness at elevated temperatures. These results and behavior were compared to the behavior of IN718 sheet metal for properties such as True Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Yield Strength, Young’s Modulus, percent elongation, and necking. The results showed dependence of strength on both thickness and HIP condition, and also exhibited a steep drop in UTS and yield strength at 1600 °F, linearly declining modulus, and excess dynamic strain ageing (DSA) behavior at certain temperatures.
ContributorsTemes, Samuel (Author) / Bhate, Dhruv (Thesis advisor) / Azeredo, Bruno (Committee member) / Das, Partha (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
With the substantial development of intelligent robots, human-robot interaction (HRI) has become ubiquitous in applications such as collaborative manufacturing, surgical robotic operations, and autonomous driving. In all these applications, a human behavior model, which can provide predictions of human actions, is a helpful reference that helps robots to achieve intelligent interaction with humans. The requirement elicits an essential problem of how to properly model human behavior, especially when individuals are interacting or cooperating with each other. The major objective of this thesis is to utilize the human intention decoding method to help robots enhance their performance while interacting with humans. Preliminary work on integrating human intention estimation with an HRI scenario is shown to demonstrate the benefit. In order to achieve this goal, the research topic is divided into three phases. First, a novel method of an online measure of the human's reliance on the robot, which can be estimated through the intention decoding process from human actions，is described. An experiment that requires human participants to complete an object-moving task with a robot manipulator was conducted under different conditions of distractions. A relationship is discovered between human intention and trust while participants performed a familiar task with no distraction. This finding suggests a relationship between the psychological construct of trust and joint physical coordination, which bridges the human's action to its mental states. Then, a novel human collaborative dynamic model is introduced based on game theory and bounded rationality, which is a novel method to describe human dyadic behavior with the aforementioned theories. The mutual intention decoding process was also considered to inform this model. Through this model, the connection between the mental states of the individuals to their cooperative actions is indicated. A haptic interface is developed with a virtual environment and the experiments are conducted with 30 human subjects. The result suggests the existence of mutual intention decoding during the human dyadic cooperative behaviors. Last, the empirical results show that allowing agents to have empathy in inference, which lets the agents understand that others might have a false understanding of their intentions, can help to achieve correct intention inference. It has been verified that knowledge about vehicle dynamics was also important to correctly infer intentions. A new courteous policy is proposed that bounded the courteous motion using its inferred set of equilibrium motions. A simulation, which is set to reproduce an intersection passing case between an autonomous car and a human driving car, is conducted to demonstrate the benefit of the novel courteous control policy.
ContributorsWang, Yiwei (Author) / Zhang, Wenlong (Thesis advisor) / Berman, Spring (Committee member) / Lee, Hyunglae (Committee member) / Ren, Yi (Committee member) / Yang, Yezhou (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
Gas Diffusion Layers (GDL) based on PUREBLACK® carbon and VULCAN® (XC72R) carbon along with catalyst coated membranes were used to fabricate the membrane electrode assemblies for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Polyethylene glycol was used as the pore-forming agent on the microporous layer to improve the lower and higher relative humidity performance of the fuel cells. Accelerated stress tests based on the dissolution effect of GDLs were conducted and the long-term performance of the GDLs was evaluated. A single-cell fuel cell was used to evaluate the effect of porosity of the micro-porous layer and the effect of different types of carbon powder on the performance of the fuel cell at different operating relative humidity conditions and compared with commercial GDLs.Both PUREBLACK® and VULCAN® (XC72R) based GDLs show crack-free surface morphology in the Scanning electron microscopy and hydrophobic characteristics in the contact angle measurements. The fuel cell performance is evaluated under relative humidity conditions of 60 and 100 % using H2/O2 and H2/Air at 70 ℃ and the durability is also evaluated for the sample with and without 30% PEG for both carbons. The pristine PUREBLACK® based GDL sample with 30% pore-forming agent (total pore volume of 1.72 cc.g-1) demonstrated the highest performance (peak power densities of 432 and 444 mW.cm-2 at 100 and 60 % RH respectively, using H2/Air). There was a significant increase in the macropores when GDLs are aged in H2O2 and the contact angle dropped to about 14 and 95° for PUREBLACK® and VULCAN® carbon, respectively. Overall PUREBLACK® based GDLs performed the best after ageing both in H2O2 and H2O (average performance degradation of 8% in H2O2 and 8.25% in H2O).
ContributorsChauhan, Nitin (Author) / Kannan, Arunachala Mada (Thesis advisor) / Phelan, Patrick (Committee member) / Nian, Qiong (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
This paper introduces a variable impedance controller which dynamically modulates both its damping and stiffness to improve the trade-off between stability and agility in coupled human-robot systems and reduce the human user’s effort. The controller applies a range of robotic damping from negative to positive values to either inject or dissipate energy based on the user’s intent of motion. The controller also estimates the user’s intent of direction and applies a variable stiffness torque to stabilize the user towards an estimated ideal trajectory. To evaluate the controller’s ability to improve the stability/agility trade-off and reduce human effort, a study was designed for human subjects to perform a 2D target reaching task while coupled with a wearable ankle robot. A constant impedance condition was selected as a control with which to compare the variable impedance condition. The position, speed, and muscle activation responses were used to quantify the user’s stability, agility, and effort, respectively. Stability was quantified spatially and temporally, with both overshoot and stabilization time showing no statistically significant difference between the two experimental conditions. Agility was quantified using mean and maximum speed, with both increasing from the constant impedance to variable impedance condition by 29.8% and 59.9%, respectively. Effort was quantified by the overall and maximum muscle activation data, both of which showed a ~10% reduction in effort. Overall, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of the variable impedance controller.
ContributorsArnold, James (Author) / Lee, Hyunglae (Thesis advisor) / Berman, Spring (Committee member) / Yong, Sze Zheng (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
The objective of this study is to estimate the variation of flight performance of a variable sweep wing geometry on the reverse engineered Boeing 2707-100 SST, when compared against the traditional delta wing approach used on supersonic airliner. The reason for this lies beneath the fact that supersonic orientations of wings doesn’t seem to work well for subsonic conditions, and subsonic wings are inefficient for supersonic flight. This would likely mean that flying long haul subsonic with supersonic wing geometry is inefficient compared to regular aircraft, but more importantly requires high takeoff/landing speeds and even long runways to bring the aircraft to hold. One might be able to get around this problem - partially - by adding thrust either by using afterburners, or by using variable geometry wings. To assess the flight performance, the research work done in this report focuses on implementing the latter solution to the abovementioned problem by using the aerodynamic performance parameters such as Coefficient of Lift, Coefficient of Drag along with its components specific to every test Mach number and altitude, along with the propulsion performance parameters such as thrust and thrust specific fuel consumption at different iterations of power settings of engine, flight Mach number and altitude in a propulsion database file to estimate flight performance using flight missions and energy-maneuverability theory approach. The flight performance was studied at several sweep angles of the aircraft to estimate the best possible sweep orientation based on the requirement of mission and an optimal flight mission was developed for an aircraft with swing wing capabilities.
ContributorsChaudhari, Bhargav Naginbhai (Author) / Takahashi, Timothy T (Thesis advisor) / Dahm, Werner J (Committee member) / Kim, Jeonglae (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021