Matching Items (6)
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- All Subjects: multiphase
- Creators: Herrmann, Marcus
- Member of: ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Description
The Volume-of-Fluid method is a popular method for interface tracking in Multiphase applications within Computational Fluid Dynamics. To date there exists several algorithms for reconstruction of a geometric interface surface. Of these are the Finite Difference algorithm, Least Squares Volume-of-Fluid Interface Reconstruction Algorithm, LVIRA, and the Efficient Least Squares Volume-of-Fluid Interface Reconstruction Algorithm, ELVIRA. Along with these geometric interface reconstruction algorithms, there exist several volume-of-fluid transportation algorithms. This paper will discuss two operator-splitting advection algorithms and an unsplit advection algorithm. Using these three interface reconstruction algorithms, and three advection algorithms, a comparison will be drawn to see how different combinations of these algorithms perform with respect to accuracy as well as computational expense.
ContributorsKedelty, Dominic (Author) / Herrmann, Marcus (Thesis advisor) / Huang, Huei-Ping (Committee member) / Chen, Kangping (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2015
A level set approach for denoising and adaptively smoothing complex geometry stereolithography files
Description
Stereolithography files (STL) are widely used in diverse fields as a means of describing complex geometries through surface triangulations. The resulting stereolithography output is a result of either experimental measurements, or computer-aided design. Often times stereolithography outputs from experimental means are prone to noise, surface irregularities and holes in an otherwise closed surface.
A general method for denoising and adaptively smoothing these dirty stereolithography files is proposed. Unlike existing means, this approach aims to smoothen the dirty surface representation by utilizing the well established levelset method. The level of smoothing and denoising can be set depending on a per-requirement basis by means of input parameters. Once the surface representation is smoothened as desired, it can be extracted as a standard levelset scalar isosurface.
The approach presented in this thesis is also coupled to a fully unstructured Cartesian mesh generation library with built-in localized adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) capabilities, thereby ensuring lower computational cost while also providing sufficient resolution. Future work will focus on implementing tetrahedral cuts to the base hexahedral mesh structure in order to extract a fully unstructured hexahedra-dominant mesh describing the STL geometry, which can be used for fluid flow simulations.
A general method for denoising and adaptively smoothing these dirty stereolithography files is proposed. Unlike existing means, this approach aims to smoothen the dirty surface representation by utilizing the well established levelset method. The level of smoothing and denoising can be set depending on a per-requirement basis by means of input parameters. Once the surface representation is smoothened as desired, it can be extracted as a standard levelset scalar isosurface.
The approach presented in this thesis is also coupled to a fully unstructured Cartesian mesh generation library with built-in localized adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) capabilities, thereby ensuring lower computational cost while also providing sufficient resolution. Future work will focus on implementing tetrahedral cuts to the base hexahedral mesh structure in order to extract a fully unstructured hexahedra-dominant mesh describing the STL geometry, which can be used for fluid flow simulations.
ContributorsKannan, Karthik (Author) / Herrmann, Marcus (Thesis advisor) / Peet, Yulia (Committee member) / Frakes, David (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2014
Description
Rapid expansion of dense beds of fine, spherical particles subjected to rapid depressurization is studied in a vertical shock tube. As the particle bed is unloaded, a high-speed video camera captures the dramatic evolution of the particle bed structure. Pressure transducers are used to measure the dynamic pressure changes during the particle bed expansion process. Image processing, signal processing, and Particle Image Velocimetry techniques, are used to examine the relationships between particle size, initial bed height, bed expansion rate, and gas velocities.
The gas-particle interface and the particle bed as a whole expand and evolve in stages. First, the bed swells nearly homogeneously for a very brief period of time (< 2ms). Shortly afterward, the interface begins to develop instabilities as it continues to rise, with particles nearest the wall rising more quickly. Meanwhile, the bed fractures into layers and then breaks down further into cellular-like structures. The rate at which the structural evolution occurs is shown to be dependent on particle size. Additionally, the rate of the overall bed expansion is shown to be dependent on particle size and initial bed height.
Taller particle beds and beds composed of smaller-diameter particles are found to be associated with faster bed-expansion rates, as measured by the velocity of the gas-particle interface. However, the expansion wave travels more slowly through these same beds. It was also found that higher gas velocities above the the gas-particle interface measured \textit{via} Particle Image Velocimetry or PIV, were associated with particle beds composed of larger-diameter particles. The gas dilation between the shocktube diaphragm and the particle bed interface is more dramatic when the distance between the gas-particle interface and the diaphragm is decreased-as is the case for taller beds.
To further elucidate the complexities of this multiphase compressible flow, simple OpenFOAM (Weller, 1998) simulations of the shocktube experiment were performed and compared to bed expansion rates, pressure fluctuations, and gas velocities. In all cases, the trends and relationships between bed height, particle diameter, with expansion rates, pressure fluctuations and gas velocities matched well between experiments and simulations. In most cases, the experimentally-measured bed rise rates and the simulated bed rise rates matched reasonably well in early times. The trends and overall values of the pressure fluctuations and gas velocities matched well between the experiments and simulations; shedding light on the effects each parameter has on the overall flow.
The gas-particle interface and the particle bed as a whole expand and evolve in stages. First, the bed swells nearly homogeneously for a very brief period of time (< 2ms). Shortly afterward, the interface begins to develop instabilities as it continues to rise, with particles nearest the wall rising more quickly. Meanwhile, the bed fractures into layers and then breaks down further into cellular-like structures. The rate at which the structural evolution occurs is shown to be dependent on particle size. Additionally, the rate of the overall bed expansion is shown to be dependent on particle size and initial bed height.
Taller particle beds and beds composed of smaller-diameter particles are found to be associated with faster bed-expansion rates, as measured by the velocity of the gas-particle interface. However, the expansion wave travels more slowly through these same beds. It was also found that higher gas velocities above the the gas-particle interface measured \textit{via} Particle Image Velocimetry or PIV, were associated with particle beds composed of larger-diameter particles. The gas dilation between the shocktube diaphragm and the particle bed interface is more dramatic when the distance between the gas-particle interface and the diaphragm is decreased-as is the case for taller beds.
To further elucidate the complexities of this multiphase compressible flow, simple OpenFOAM (Weller, 1998) simulations of the shocktube experiment were performed and compared to bed expansion rates, pressure fluctuations, and gas velocities. In all cases, the trends and relationships between bed height, particle diameter, with expansion rates, pressure fluctuations and gas velocities matched well between experiments and simulations. In most cases, the experimentally-measured bed rise rates and the simulated bed rise rates matched reasonably well in early times. The trends and overall values of the pressure fluctuations and gas velocities matched well between the experiments and simulations; shedding light on the effects each parameter has on the overall flow.
ContributorsZunino, Heather (Author) / Adrian, Ronald J (Thesis advisor) / Clarke, Amanda (Committee member) / Chen, Kangping (Committee member) / Herrmann, Marcus (Committee member) / Huang, Huei-Ping (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
This dissertation describes a process for interface capturing via an arbitrary-order, nearly quadrature free, discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme for the conservative level set method (Olsson et al., 2005, 2008). The DG numerical method is utilized to solve both advection and reinitialization, and executed on a refined level set grid (Herrmann, 2008) for effective use of processing power. Computation is executed in parallel utilizing both CPU and GPU architectures to make the method feasible at high order. Finally, a sparse data structure is implemented to take full advantage of parallelism on the GPU, where performance relies on well-managed memory operations.
With solution variables projected into a kth order polynomial basis, a k+1 order convergence rate is found for both advection and reinitialization tests using the method of manufactured solutions. Other standard test cases, such as Zalesak's disk and deformation of columns and spheres in periodic vortices are also performed, showing several orders of magnitude improvement over traditional WENO level set methods. These tests also show the impact of reinitialization, which often increases shape and volume errors as a result of level set scalar trapping by normal vectors calculated from the local level set field.
Accelerating advection via GPU hardware is found to provide a 30x speedup factor comparing a 2.0GHz Intel Xeon E5-2620 CPU in serial vs. a Nvidia Tesla K20 GPU, with speedup factors increasing with polynomial degree until shared memory is filled. A similar algorithm is implemented for reinitialization, which relies on heavier use of shared and global memory and as a result fills them more quickly and produces smaller speedups of 18x.
With solution variables projected into a kth order polynomial basis, a k+1 order convergence rate is found for both advection and reinitialization tests using the method of manufactured solutions. Other standard test cases, such as Zalesak's disk and deformation of columns and spheres in periodic vortices are also performed, showing several orders of magnitude improvement over traditional WENO level set methods. These tests also show the impact of reinitialization, which often increases shape and volume errors as a result of level set scalar trapping by normal vectors calculated from the local level set field.
Accelerating advection via GPU hardware is found to provide a 30x speedup factor comparing a 2.0GHz Intel Xeon E5-2620 CPU in serial vs. a Nvidia Tesla K20 GPU, with speedup factors increasing with polynomial degree until shared memory is filled. A similar algorithm is implemented for reinitialization, which relies on heavier use of shared and global memory and as a result fills them more quickly and produces smaller speedups of 18x.
ContributorsJibben, Zechariah J (Author) / Herrmann, Marcus (Thesis advisor) / Squires, Kyle (Committee member) / Adrian, Ronald (Committee member) / Chen, Kangping (Committee member) / Treacy, Michael (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2015
Description
Computability of spray flows is an important issue, from both fundamental and practical perspectives. Spray flows have important applications in fuel injection, agriculture, medical devices, and industrial processes such as spray cooling. For this reason, many efforts have been devoted to experimental, computational and some theoretical aspects of spray flows. In particular, primary atomization, the process of bulk liquid transitioning to small droplets, is a central and probably the most difficult aspect of spray flows. This thesis discusses developed methods, results, and needed improvements in the modeling of primary atomization using a predictive Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) formula. Primary atomization for round injectors and simplex atomizers is modeled using a three-step procedure. For each spray geometry, a volume-of-fluid simulation is run to resolve the trajectory of the intact liquid core. Atomization criterion is applied to the volume-of-fluid velocity field to determine atomization sites. Local droplet size is predicted at the atomization sites using the quadratic formula for Sauter Mean Diameter. Droplets with the computed drop size are injected from the atomization sites and are tracked as point-particles. A User Defined Memory (UDM) code is employed to compute steady-state Sauter Mean Diameter statistics at locations corresponding to experimental interrogation locations. The resulting Sauter Mean Diameter, droplet trajectory, and droplet velocity are compared against experimental data to validate the computational protocol. This protocol can be implemented on coarse-grid, time-averaged simulations of spray flows, and produces convincing results when compared with experimental data for pressure-atomized sprays with and without swirl. This approach is general and can be adapted in any spray geometry for complete and efficient computations of spray flows.
ContributorsGreenlee, Benjamin (Author) / Lee, Taewoo (Thesis advisor) / Herrmann, Marcus (Committee member) / Kasbaoui, Mohamed (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
Advancements to a dual scale Large Eddy Simulation (LES) modeling approach for immiscible turbulent phase interfaces are presented. In the dual scale LES approach, a high resolution auxiliary grid, used to capture a fully resolved interface geometry realization, is linked to an LES grid that solves the filtered Navier-Stokes equations. Exact closure of the sub-filter interface terms is provided by explicitly filtering the fully resolved quantities from the auxiliary grid. Reconstructing a fully resolved velocity field to advance the phase interface requires modeling several sub-filter effects, including shear and accelerational instabilities and phase change. Two sub-filter models were developed to generate these sub-filter hydrodynamic instabilities: an Orr-Sommerfeld model and a Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) vortex sheet method. The Orr-Sommerfeld sub-filter model was found to be incompatible with the dual scale approach, since it is unable to generate interface rollup and a process to separate filtered and sub-filter scales could not be established. A novel VoF vortex sheet method was therefore proposed, since prior vortex methods have demonstrated interface rollup and following the LES methodology, the vortex sheet strength could be decomposed into its filtered and sub-filter components. In the development of the VoF vortex sheet method, it was tested with a variety of classical hydrodynamic instability problems, compared against prior work and linear theory, and verified using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). An LES consistent approach to coupling the VoF vortex sheet with the LES filtered equations is presented and compared against DNS. Finally, a sub-filter phase change model is proposed and assessed in the dual scale LES framework with an evaporating interface subjected to decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Results are compared against DNS and the interplay between surface tension forces and evaporation are discussed.
ContributorsGoodrich, Austin Chase (Author) / Herrmann, Marcus (Thesis advisor) / Dahm, Werner (Committee member) / Kim, Jeonglae (Committee member) / Huang, Huei-Ping (Committee member) / Kostelich, Eric (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023